Abstract: In order to compare and analyze the quality differences of alfalfa seeds in different ecological environment, the germination rate, germination index and simplified vigor index of alfalfa seeds in Inner Mongolia region （Hohhot） and Heilongjiang region （Qiqihar） were determined using the alfalfa varieties of Gongnong No.1 and Longmu 806 as experimental materials on filter paper, respectively. The results showed that in Hohhot area, the highest germination rate （96.3%） and germination index （38.47） were observed in Gongnong No.1 seeds, and the highest simplified vigor index （0.159） was found in Longmu 806. The alfalfa seeds had better performance on germination rate, germination index and simplified activity index in Hohhot area than in Qiqihar area. It was indicated that different ecological environment had great impact on seeds quality of alfalfa.