Abstract: African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, severe and highly contagious infectious disease in pigs or wild boars caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASF is clinically characterized by unexplained death, high fever, reticuloendothelial system hemorrhage and splenomegaly. The death rate of this disease can reach up to 100%, indicating its extremely fast transmission speed and serious harmfulness. This paper reviews the epidemiology, laboratory diagnostic methods and prevention and control measures of ASF, in hoping to provide references for its comprehensive prevention and control.