Abstract: With the rapid development of agriculture and animal husbandry, the treatment and utilization of organic wastes, such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw, have become significant environmental and resource challenges. Composting, as an efficient and economic treatment method, not only reduces environmental pollution but also converts organic wastes into valuable organic fertilizer. Aerobic composting is the primary method of composting, which promotes the biodegradation of organic matter through the metabolic activities of aerobic microorganisms, with the high temperatures generated during fermentation process eliminating insect eggs, pathogenic organisms, and weed seeds, thereby facilitating the humification and harmlessness of the compost, and ultimately producing a green organic fertilizer. This review summarizes the key factors affecting the efficiency of aerobic composting, including parameters such as carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, moisture content, oxygen content, pH value, temperature, and fermentation microorganisms, with the aim of clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of these factors on composting efficiency and providing a reference for relevant research and practice in this field.

Key words: organic waste, aerobic composting, fermentation and maturation, affecting factors