Animal Husbandry and Feed Science ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 117-122.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.02.014

• Animal Disease Prevention and Control • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis of Diseases in a Large-Scale Dairy Farm in Xinjiang in 2023

WEI Dingyi1,2, ZHU Lin1,2, HAN Juncheng1,2, PENG Bin1,2, HU Shixiong1,2, Nilupaer1,2, WANG Limin1,2, WANG Yanbin1,2, DAI Xiaohua1,2, WANG Xihu3   

  1. 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052;
    2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052;
    3. Xinjiang Hutubi Breeding Cattle Farm Co., Ltd., Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture 831203
  • Received:2024-12-26 Published:2025-07-09

Abstract: [Objective] This study aimed to analyze the incidence patterns of major diseases in a large-scale dairy farm located in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, during 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted prevention and control strategies. [Methods] Diagnostic and treatment records of 3 747 Chinese Holstein dairy cows, covering mammary diseases, hoof and limb diseases, reproductive diseases, digestive diseases, and metabolic diseases, were extracted from January to December 2023 using the Afimilk farm management system. Combining on-site field surveys and interviews, descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to assess the proportion of each disease category, monthly incidence trends, and distributions of specific disease types. [Results] A total of 2 895 disease cases were recorded in 2023. Digestive diseases were the most prevalent, accounting for 40.45% of total cases, followed by mammary diseases (23.63%), hoof and limb diseases (19.03%), and reproductive diseases (15.72%). Metabolic diseases had the lowest incidence (1.17%). The peak disease period occurred between May and June, with digestive diseases reaching a monthly maximum of 220 cases. Among mammary diseases, clinical mastitis accounted for 52.63%, and subclinical mastitis for 26.75%. In digestive diseases, forestomach atony represented 38.00%, followed by enteritis (29.04%) and diarrhea (22.89%). Among hoof and limb diseases, 72.96% were hoof-related conditions, with a notable increase during the spring. Reproductive diseases were mainly due to abortion (29.01%) and retained placenta (25.05%). Within metabolic diseases, acidosis (47.06%) and ketosis (35.29%) were predominant. [Conclusion] Digestive and mammary diseases were the primary health challenges in the dairy farm, with digestive diseases exhibiting distinct seasonal incidence patterns. It is recommended that the farm establish a comprehensive prevention and control system centered on environmental improvements and nutritional management, with a focus on enhancing bedding management, hoof care and reproductive monitoring, and leveraging digital management systems for early disease warning.

Key words: dairy cow, disease investigation, incidence patterns, disease prevention and control, Xinjiang

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