Abstract: Taking the Hunshandake sandy land in Zhenglan Banner of Xilinguole,Inner Mongolia as the research object,the plant composition,species diversity,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil seed bank in the fixed dune,semi-fixed dune and moving dune were investigated using the method of combining field survey sampling and interior germination test. Some conclusions can be drawn from this study ①the density of soil seed bank showed that：fixed dune〉semi-fixed dune〉moving dune; the soil seed bank were dominated by the seeds of annual herbaceous species. The dominance from fixed dune to moving dune was 57.3 %～70.3 %. ②The species diversity of soil seed bank under different types sand dunes were fixed dune〉 moving dune〉 semi-fixed dune. ③The change of species similar coefficient species in semi-fixed dune and fixed dune is the greatest,but in moving dune and fixed dune was the least.④ The number of the seeds in soil seed bank changed significantly with the variety of the growing season. The spatial distribution of soil seed bank under different types of sand dunes showed different patterns.