Abstract: In order the understand the fineness changes of cashmere fiber of Alashan White Cashmere Goat in Alashan of Inner Mongolia in recent years, the fineness of cashmere fiber of Alashan White Cashmere Goat in Honggeereleng Region was determined in 2010 and 2014 using Automatic Finer Fineness Analysis Instrument by national standard method. The differences of cashmere fiber fineness of cashmere goat in different years were compared, and the distribution of cashmere fiber fineness was analyzed. The results showed that the average fineness of cashmere fiber of male and female Alashan White Cashmere Goat in 2010 were （16.60±1.63） and （16.93±1.58） μm respectively. The average fineness of cashmere fiber of male and female Alashan White Cashmere Goat in 2014 were（13.83±0.79） and （14.52±0.74）μm respectively, which was extremely significantly lower than that in 2010 （P〈O.O1）. The results showed that the fineness of cashmere fiber of Alashan White Cashmere Goat was significantly reduced by relevant measures taken in recent years.