In the paper,the aim was to investigate the relation of blood-gas of Tibet-sheep at the different age and sex in Qinghai-Tibet plateau.The relation of blood-gas of 25 Tibet-sheep was determined by blood-gas analyser.The result indicated that the average content of Pco2,Po2,HCO3-,Tco2,BE,SBE,SBC and O2S respectively were（5.24±0.39） kPa,（3.54±0.50） kPa,（20.89±1.62） mmol/L,（22.11±1.65） mmol/L,（-4.10±1.90） mmol/L,（-5.26±2.00） mmol/L,（20.21±1.50） mmol/L and（45.10±8.70）% from the 25 Tibetsheep.There were significant difference in the content of Pco2,Po2,O2S（%）at the different age and sex（P0.01）.

In the study, the total content of flavonoid in Herba cirsii and Herba cirsii carbonisatus was determined by spectrophotometry. The result indicated that the regression equation was achieved, the linear correlation was from 0.008 to 0.048 mg/mL, the average recovery was 98.9%. The conclusion could be made that the method is scientific, and which could be used as one of standards to evaluate the quality of Herba cirsii and Herba cirsii carbonisatus.

In order to explore the effects of Scutellaria on tension of small intestine of rabbit in vitro,Scutellaria extracts were used to act on in vitro duodenum and jejunum,and changes in tension were observed.Scutellaria decoction containing crude drug of 0.02,0.04 and 0.08 g/mL could excite smooth muscle of the duodenum and jejunum.Furthermore,the Scutellaria decoction containing crude drug of 0.08 and 0.04 g/mL had the strongest excitation on tension and motion of the duodenum;and the Scutellaria decoction containing crude drug of 0.08 g/mL had the strongest excitation on the jejunum.Scutellaria decoction extracted by ethanol containing crude drug of 0.02,0.04 and 0.08 g/mL could excite smooth muscle of the duodenum and jejunum,and that containing crude drug of 0.08 g/mL had the strongest excitation.Scutellaria extracted by different methods and containing crude drug of 0.16 g/mL had significant inhibitory effects on the duodenum and jejunum.In conclusion,low-dose Scutellaria extracts can excite smooth muscle,but high-dose Scutellaria extracts have significant inhibitory effects（P〈0.01）.Acetylcholine can excite in vitro intestine of rabbit in short time.The frequency changes were accelerated with increasing excitability of smooth muscle of small intestinal,and vice versa.

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method（RP-HPLC） was developed for determination of plasma antipyrine.Plasma samples were prepared with acetonitrile.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column（250.0 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm） at column temperature of 30 °C.The mobile phase,a mixture of 0.025 mol/L aqueous solution of sodium acetate and acetonitrile（74：26;V/V）,was delivered at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.The detection wavelength was 254 nm.The injection volume was 20 μL.Excellent line relationship was obtained in the range of 0.1 to 30 μg/mL（r = 0.999 5）.The average recovery rate was 93.44%-97.21%.The intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 4.26%.

Bacillus as a kind of feed additive without residue and drug resistance has been applied more and more extensively.The action mechanism of bacillus was explored from maintaining microcosmic ecological balance in intestinal tract,antagonistic action,digestive enzyme generation,nutrition,enhancing physiological functions and enhancing immunity of animals.Furthermore,the effects of species,distinct individuals,feed nutrition environment and antibiotics on bacillus were investigated in order to provide a basis for its application.

To investigate the effects of enzyme preparation on performance of layers,270-day-old Hy-line brown layers were assigned randomly into two groups.Supplementation of enzyme preparation at a level of 0.4% increased laying rate by 7.51%（P〈0.05）,made age at the first laying be 8.5-9 d earlier than expected,reduced feed-egg ration by 7.60%（P〈0.05）,increased average egg weight by 5.13%（P0.05）,largely decreased feed cost and reduced or stopped the occurrence of diarrhea.

Lactic acid bacteria are the main microorganism in silage.With the development of silage and the further research about beneficial microorganisms in the silage,it has been found that many physical functions of lactic acid bacteria are closely related to plasmid carried by them.The paper reviews the research progress in application of lactic acid additive in improving fermentation quality and aerobic stability as well as in plasmid extraction.

Salmonella,a kind of common intestinal bacteria,are often found in feed.They can cause food-borne hazards of animal sepsis and thus indirectly threat human health.Salmonella are one kind of important zoonotic pathogens.To avoid hazards of feed caused by Salmonella contamination,Salmonella in white fish meal were detected by routine methods including isolation and identification based on biochemical and serological characteristics.The results showed that one of the samples had been contaminated by Salmonella.

The additive as the core of feed industry has been widely used in different types of feed and also shows good efficacy.The paper introduces the application of nutritional additives,fermentation accelerant,poor fermentation inhibitors,anti-corrosion additives,and adsorbents.

In the paper,alfalfa saponins and yeast culture can be used to improve production performance and enhance immunization of animals.The results showed that alfalfa saponins can effectively regulate lipid metabolism,reduce blood cholesterol levels,improve the utilization of dietary nutrients,and enhance the immunologic function,anti-oxidation function and production performance.In addition,the yeast culture also could promote propagation of beneficial bacteria and their activity increased by improving the internal environment and flora structure of gastrointestinal tract.In a word,they can enhance stability of pH in the rumen,immune function and production performance of animals.

To process phosphorus detection results of feed,working curve is drawn manually according to GB/T 6437-2002,and phosphorus content is calculated with the working curve.This traditional method was improved,and the developed method using Excel was applied.Practice shows that the same results are obtained by these two methods,and the developed method using Excel is more rapid,simple,accurate and worthwhile for use.

Turf cutting litter produced in daily maintenance management of lawn are often thrown away as trash.The processing and using of turf cutting litter can raise economic benefits and protect ecological environment.Lactobacillus and yeast were used to ferment turf cutting litter.Compared with control group,the fermentation with lactobacillus increased crude protein content by 2.73%,decreased crude fiber content by 3.79% and increased crude fat content by 3.23%;and the fermentation with yeast increased crude protein content by 3.69%,decreased crude fiber content by 5.71% and increased crude fat content by 1.98%.The differences were significant at the 0.01 or 0.05 level.

Selenium as one of the most important biotic elements in environment has a great impact on animal＇s growth and development and human＇s health.Many producers pay much attention to the effects of selenium on production and reproduction performance of animals.In order to provide a reference for practice,the paper introduces absorption,utilization and excretion of selenium in vivo,its main biological role,and its effects on production and reproduction performance of animals.

Frozen sperm of Tibetan mastiff were smeared and stained by Giemsa stain and eosin to observe sperm deformity.The results showed that the heads of sperm stained by eosin were stained moderately,and the sperm had a clear head,clear ridge and acrosome,and clear deformity of middle and tail part.Sperm deformity rates were not significantly different between the two staining methods.Because eosin stain can be prepared simply,eosin staining can be used as the optimal method to detect sperm deformity.

Growth hormone（GH） is a kind of species-specific single chain polypeptide hormone secreted by anterior pituitary,and it is necessary for normal growth and lactation.It can regulate metabolism of carbohydrate,lipid and protein,promote growth of animal muscle and bone,decrease fat content,promote growth and development,and reduce feed conversion ratio.It also the major gene controlling secretion of growth hormone and regulating animal growth and development.The basic characteristics and structure of GH gene as well as relationship between its polymorphisms and production performance were introduced.The future research direction was also proposed.

To find the practical methods for feeding management of Jianchang black goat and promote industrial development of Jianchang black goat in Huili County of Sichuan Province,160 non-pregnant ewes were randomly chosen from 8 sheep households in four test points in Wuxing and Haixi of Huili County from April 2009 to October 2009.A total of 80 ewes were treated with cloprostenol for estrus synchronization.The results showed that the rate of estrus synchronization within 72 h was 40.00% in the treatment group,which was 18.75% higher than that in the control group.

Feather products are degraded with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ by solid -state fermentation.The distribution of amino acids,trace elements and molecules of soluble protein in feather broth was observed.The composition of feather broth showed that it should be used as cleaning products and fertilizers which act by surface absorption.

Bisphenol A（BPA） is the monomer used to synthesize polycarbonate and epoxy resin,and it has been widely applied to produce package of food and drink,dental fillers,and other plastic products.The extensive application of plastics results in higher levels of BPA in environment and causes environmental pollution and potential treats to human.To investigate the effects of exposure to BPA on brain and behaviors during perinatal period,the female dams were gavaged with BPA respectively at a dose of 2 and 200 μg/kg every day from gestational Day 3 to postnatal Day 21.The behaviors of 70-day-old female offspring were observed by new cage test.The results indicated that the female offspring which were born by the dams given BPA at a dose of 200 μg/kg had inhibited exploration ability and significantly decreased duration and frequency of locomotion,when compared with the control group.Therefore,exposure to BPA during perinatal period can inhibit exploration and locomotion ability of female mice,and this effect may be caused by estrogen.

The aim of the study was to provide an experimental basis for investigating the effects of noise on nervous system,especially learning and memory.The changes in learning and memory of mice were observed in simulated noise environment.The mice were interfered with noise at a sound intensity of about 80 decibels every day for 1 month.Morris water maze system was used for determination of learning and memory.During the 5-day learning training,the incubation time for the experimental mice to find platform on Day 3 was（30.96 ± 0.041） s,which was significantly longer than that of control group（15.73 ± 0.041） s（P〈 0.05）.However,in the memory test which was performed after 1 week,the incubation time for the experimental mice to find platform on Day 3 was（10.30± 0.045） s,which was significantly shorter than that of control group（29.13 ± 0.045） s（P 〈0.05）.This result demonstrated good memories of the experimental mice.Therefore,noise of 80 decibels affects learning and temporary memory of mice,and long-term memory in mice can be well maintained by noise interference.

Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism（PCR-SSCP） is an important technique for detecting gene mutations.It has been used in many fields owing to its obvious advantages.The establishment,development,principles,operational process and application of PCR-SSCP were summarized in order to promote the application of PCR-SSCP.

Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus （ERIC） is a kind of intergenic repetitive sequences that exists predominantly in enterobacteria. ERIC-PCR is a technique with primers designed according to the highly conservative core sequence of ERIC. This method is used to amplify genomic DNA and construct DNA profile, and it can be applied in dynamic analysis of enteric microorganisms as well as classification and identification of microorganisms.

As a important technique,gene mutation has been used to study and isolate important genes.Agrobacterium tumefaciens has the ability to transfer DNA to plant cells by genetic engineering,its modifications have extended the host range from plants to bacterium and fungi.Hence,Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene mutation is one of the mutation methods widely used in the last several years.In the article,the principle of the mediation,the research situation,vector types,existed problems and its feasibility all were introduced.

With the senior high vocational education thought as instruction,a lot of useful exploration was conducted by carefully selecting excellent contents of microorganism experiments,reasonably arranging order of the experiments,reforming teaching methods of the experiments,and reforming evaluation systems of the microbiological experiments.In the process of the microbiological experiments,attention was paid to enhancing the comprehensive abilities of students such as practical ability and ability to analyze and solve problems and to initiating their interest and enthusiasm in study.Practice has proved that such reform measures can effectively improve teaching quality of the microbiological experiments,which can meet targets of senior high vocational colleges.

How to use modern educational technology to improve teaching quality of veterinary science was analyzed.Two ways to improve teaching quality of veterinary science by modern educational technology were given.

To training ability of biological drawing in zoological experiment is an important part of training for synthetic quality.The scientific method of observation and thought and the ability of expression of students are trained by biological drawing.To train ability of biological drawing,teaching process of zoological experiment should also be considered.The ability of students should be enhanced step by step.Particular training process was also summarized.

The psychological state of minority students and the requirements for teachers in Xinjiang were analyzed.To improve the teaching quality of the Animal Genetics course,it is vital to adhere to the minority student-centered teaching philosophy,to focus on mobilizing their interest in learning and establishing confidence to learn the curriculum well,and to improve teaching effectiveness through heuristic interactive teaching methods.

Some problems about teaching Food Microbiology experiments were analyzed.According to characteristics of vocational education,measures and ideas for teaching reform of Food Microbiology experiments were summarized.Based on traditional teaching model that pays attention to theory and ignores practice,reform of experiments,content and assessment methods should be strengthened.This study may provide a reference for cultivating operational skills of students and promoting exchanges between peers.

The contents,teaching reform principles and problems of the Swine Production course for animal science major were explored.Measures to reform this course were proposed from strengthening teachers＇ training,reforming teaching content,and reforming teaching methods.

The survey data showed that it has achieved some results in the project of returning farmland to forest in recent years,but there were still some problems and difficulties still need to be resolved.Based on the existed problems and difficulties,the suggestion was made to ensure the project of returning farmland to forest orderly.

Three trial factors,mowing frequency,nitrogen rate and mixed seeding ratio of legume-grass,were selected to construct the integrated management optimization model for mixture pasture of Trifolium repens L.cv.Haifa and Dactylis glomerata L.cv.Nayong.The optimal management factors were determined,and the nutrients of the mixture pasture were analyzed.The best trial program for the mixture pasture of Trifolium repens L.cv.Haifa and Dactylis glomerata L.cv.Nayong are as follows：the mixed seeding ratio of legume-grass,1：3;nitrogen rate,300 kg/hm2;and mowing frequency,6 times.Under these conditions,the fresh forage yield reached 73.00 t/hm2;the crude protein content reached 17.22%;the crude fat content reached 5.34%;and the least weeds invaded the mixture pasture.

In the study,five sorghum cultivars,namely Fengmu,Jurong,No.1 of Mengnongqingsi,No.2 of Mengnongqingsi and Dalishi all were cultured under the three different soil environments including of nonage soil,well-rounded soil and hillside fields,the aim was to appraise their performance by comparing with their production characteristics.The indexes including plant height,production level and yield constitution factors were measured and analyzed,and the growth characters of different cultivars compares under three kind of soil environment were also made.The results showed under the different growing enviroment,their growing performance was different;In the suitable condition with good fertilizer and water,Fengmu was the best one;In the poor conditions with sludge fertilizer,heavy soil and less water,No.2 of Mengnongqingsi was relatively better than others.

Nowadays,many countries strengthen the restriction on importing of aquatic products.The sustainable development in Chinese aquatic products must be realized by promoting the international competitive power.In the article,some countermeasures on the development of organic aquaculture,the HACCP system construction of enterprise,the breeding of lead enterprises,the improvement of its research level,the enhancement of organization roles for government and industry association were put forward to promote its export.

The factors affecting extraction yield and purity of casein were analyzed.Technical route and processing parameters were determined for extracting casein protein from milk.Fat was degreased by centrifugation at 5000 r/min for 30 min.Casein was agglutinated at pH 4.6 after being preheated to 55 ℃.Whey was removed by centrifugation at 3000 r/min for 15 min.Casein was extracted with ligarine after washing with water and drying at 50 ℃ for 3.5 h.The purity of casein protein was about 95%.

In recent years,the increasing safety events which were caused by products and food quality problems has been paid extensive attention.As one of the most advanced and promising tool for continuous process analyzing,near infrared spectroscopy technology was applied extensively,its principles,characteristics,historical progress,application status and perspective were presented briefly in the article.

Chloramphenicol residues in milk were detected by UPLC-MS/MS.The protein in milk was first precipitated by perchloric acid,and chloramphenicol in milk was extracted by homogenization with ethyl acetate.After purification,the chloramphenicol was separated by high performance liquid chromatography with C18 column as stationary phase and acetonitrile-water as mobile phase.The chloramphenicol residues were detected by MS/MS in the ESI（-）-MRM mode.This method can avoid the false positive results of routine HPLC,largely reduces separation time,and improves sensitivity.It can be used detect chloramphenicol in milk,and the detection is satisfactory.

Osmotic dehydration（OD）has become a popular topic in research of fruits and vegetable＇s processing recently.This paper reviewed the research situation of OD at home and abroad,it was divided into four categories according to different character,including effective factors of OD,mass transfer kinetics,exploration of assistive technology and combined technology of multi-dehydration.It will provide significant theoretical guidance for its further applications in expanding in fruit and vegetable processing.

When being infected by external pathogens,animals initiate immune defense system.The immune defense system secrets non-specific immune products,that is,antimicrobial peptides.Antimicrobial peptides have positive charge,low molecular weight,broad antibacterial spectrum and good thermal stability.As a result,antibacterial peptides may be applied in medicine.Some researches show that many kinds of antibacterial peptides have antibacterial activity and extensive regulation on innate and acquired immunity.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis known as the king of public medicine has the effects of detoxification,expectorant,analgesic,antispasmodic,and anti-cancer.According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory,Glycyrrhiza uralensis can strengthen spleen and benefit vital Qi;moisten lung to stop coughing;detoxicate and relieve acute disease;and coordinate other drugs.The paper introduces the active ingredients in Glycyrrhiza uralensis and its application in detail in order to provide a good reference for its further research and use.

The Chinese herb medicine ＂Qinjundi＂ used in this study was prepared by the project team of The First Vocational Secondary Professional School of Huixian City.Medicine sensitive tablets were prepared and used to observe the antibacterial effects of ＂Qinjundi＂ on E.coli isolated from sick or dead chickens in three chicken farms in Xinxiang City.The diameter of inhibition zone was（21.0±0.5） mm,which indicated that this Chinese herb medicine can be used to treat chicken colibacillosis.

The hatching egg of Jinpeng ducks were treated by Baidusha which is a disinfectant,the total hatchability increased 2.63%,hatchability in fertilized eggs increased 1.05%,healthy young rate increased 1.33% compared with the control of disinfection with washing of water.Hence,the conclusion could be made that it can significantly improve the hatch effect and quality of duckling.

The profile of the Chengxi Farm of Huadian City in Jilin Province as well as cultivation situation of Pengze crucian carp（Carassius auratus variety Pengze） were introduced.The biological characteristics and culture conditions including seed breeding and under yearling fish culture were also described.The construction of Pengze crucian carp was also introduced.

With the rapid development of intensive culture,diseases occurs frequently.Particularly,trionyx sinesis virus（TSV） and white spot syndrome virus（WSSV） infection occurred in recent years.And the infection can not be controlled by conventional methods and has caused some economic loss to aquaculture.The hazard mechanism and integrated prevention and control of TSV and WSSV were described in order to provide a reference for effective control of viral infection.

To further evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of nano-silver breast injection agent in treatment of bovine mastitis,188 cows suffering from mastitis in clinic and 294 cows suffering from subclinical mastitis were selected from Hohhot City and Baotou City in Inner Mongolia area.Three batches of nano-silver breast injection agent were used for observation of clinical efficacy.The nano -silver breast injection agent of different batches did not have significant difference in treatment of clinical mastitis at the same degree but had significant difference in treatment of mild or severe mastitis（P〈0.01）.The nano-silver breast injection agent of the three batches had an average cure rate of 80.2% on mild clinical mastitis and an average cure rate of 71.4% on severe clinical mastitis.Their average effective rates were 92.7% and 83.1%,respectively.After the cows suffering from subclinical mastitis were treated with the same dose of drugs,average negative rate was 88.1% in nipple and 91.2% in milk area.These results showed that the nano-silver into breast agent had good therapeutic effects on clinical or subclinical mastitis.In addition,all the cows treated with the nano-silver breast injection agent did not displayed systemic or local allergic reactions and local irritation,which indicated its high security.

Because the introduction methods are not quite reasonable,mortality of introduced livestock is very high,which causes tremendous losses to aquaculture.To reduce losses and promote healthy development of livestock industry of Wushan County,special precautions were introduced for livestock introduction.

To increase hatchability of pheasants,technique points were introduced from three aspects.Technical measures including quality controlling of hatching egg,preparation and hatching techniques,and artificial midwifery were analyzed in detail.The paper also discusses hatching operation techniques and management measures suitable for special economic animal farms and zoos.

By investigating the food composition of African balearica under the primitive living,it should improve the compostion of feed and cleaning of water.It indicated that it was necessary to apply Spirulina and photosynthetic bacteria under the condition of artifical rearing,which could made the condition meet the need of African balearica bionomics,and is useful to optimize the means of artifical rearing.

To mastered the situation of dogs and cats infected with Toxoplasma in Hohhot,ELISA and GICA were applied to detect antibody titer of Toxoplasma among 254 cats and dogs,and the antigen of Toxoplasma was detected by GICA.The result indicated that the positive rate of Ab in dogs and cats respectively was 12.6% and 10.3% by detecting of ELISA,the positive rate of Ab in dog and cat respectively was 11.4% and 9.2% by GICA,the positive rate of Toxoplasma was 23.8% and 33.3% by GICA respectively.The survey showed that there were markly different between different sources of cats and dogs in infection rate（P0.01）,therefor,it is essential to strengthen the management of randomly rearing and stray cats,meanwhile it should strengthen serological monitoring to prevent it effectively in time.