A total of 120 AA commercial broilers were subjected to low temperature stress with different decreasing degree of temperature from 22 to 42 days of age.The rearing temperature of the experimental groups was 3,5,7 ℃ lower than that of the control group,and the cold stimulation period all lasted 3 hours for both experimental groups and control group.After the cold stimulation,all of the experimental broilers were reared at the normal temperature.The behavior indexes,including lying,feeding,standing,drinking,walking and grooming were used to evaluate the impact of low temperature stress on brooding of AA broiler.The results showed that cold stimulation with decreasing temperature had significant impact on walking（P0.05） of AA broiler but had no significant impact on feeding,lying,grooming,drinking and standing（P0.05）.

[Objective]To assess the roles of G protein-coupled receptor 30（GPR30） in the up-regulatory effects of 17β-estrodiol（E2） on β-defensin-2（SBD-2） expression in ovine oviduct epithelial cells.[Methods]The 2ndpassage ovine oviduct epithelial cells were treated with GPR30 agonist G1（10^-7mol/L） and E2（10^-6mol/L） for 6,12,24 h,respectively.Quantitative real-time PCR（q PCR） was used to evaluate the expression of SBD-2 gene in different observation time points.[Results]Compared with control group,the expression of SBD-2 gene in ovine oviduct epithelial cells was significantly up-regulated（P〈0.01） at the 6thhour of co-treatment of G1 and E2,expressing an obvious time effect.[Conclusion]The GPR30 mediates the membrane receptor signaling pathway involved in SBD-2 gene expression up-regulation in ovine oviduct epithelial cells induced by estrogen.

In the present study,the RPLP1 gene was cloned by RT-PCR assay and was subsequently bioinformatically analyzed with bioinformatics analysis software,and the tissue expression profile of this gene was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.The results showed that cattle RPLP1 gene was composed of 502 nucleotides,including a single open reading frame of345 bp which encoded 114 amino acids;topology prediction analysis showed that there were three casein kinase Ⅱphosphorylation sites,two N-myristoylation sites and one Ribosomal-P1 conserved domain in RPLP1 protein;semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay showed that RPLP1 gene was widely expressed,and high expression was observed in skeletal,liver and cardiac muscle.

The aim of the present study was to assess the physical traits associated with egg quality of Lhasa White Chicken.A total of 30 fresh eggs produced by 43-week-old Lhasa White Chicken were chosen and used to determine the traits associated with egg quality,and the correlation between the traits was statistically analyzed.The results showed that eggshell weight was significantly and positively correlated with eggshell color（P〈0.05）;eggshell strength was significantly and positively correlated with egg weight（P〈0.05）;albumen weight was significantly and positively correlated with eggshell color（P〈0.05） and eggshell weight（P〈0.01） but was significantly and negatively correlated with eggshell ratio（P〈0.05）;albumen ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with eggshell ratio（P〈0.05） but was significantly and positively correlated with albumen weight（P〈0.01）;yolk weight was significantly and positively correlated with eggshell weight（P〈0.01） and albumen weight（P 0.01） but was significantly and negatively correlated with eggshell ratio（P〈0.05） and albumen ratio（P〈0.01）;yolk ratio was significantly and positively correlated with egg shape index（P〈0.01） and yolk weight（P〈0.01） but was significantly and negatively correlated with eggshell weight（P 0.01）,albumen weight（P 0.01） and albumen ratio（P 0.01）;yolk color was significantly and negatively correlated with eggshell strength（P〈0.05）;Haugh unit was significantly and negatively correlated with eggshell color（P〈0.05） but was significantly and positively correlated with albumen height（P〈0.01）;eggshell thickness was significantly and positively correlated with eggshell strength（P〈0.01）;flesh and blood spots was significantly and positively correlated with eggshell strength（P〈0.01） and eggshell thickness（P〈0.05） but was significantly and negatively correlated with Haugh unit（P〈0.05）.Correlations were also observed among the other traits but there were no significant differences.This study provides a theoretical basis for the future selection of Lhasa white chicken.

The aim of the present study was to assess the inhibitory effect of Pogostemon cablin on acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and to determine the analgesic effect of Pogostemon cablin.A total of 24 mice were randomly and averagely divided into Pogostemon cablin low-dose group,moderate-dose group,high-dose group and control group.The 0.25,0.5,1.0 g/（kg·BW） of Pogostemon cablin solutions were intragastricly administrated for the low-dose,moderate-dose and high-dose group,respectively,and saline was intragastricly administrated for the control group.The mice in treatment groups and control group subsequently received 20% of acetic acid solution by intragastric administration.The posture change and writhing times of the mice were recorded,and the analgesic rate was calculated.The results showed that after receiving 20% of acetic acid solution,the mice in high-dose group expressed mild abdominal pain symptoms and their counterparts in low-dose group exhibited severe symptoms and convulsed;the writhing times of high-dose group was very significantly less than that of low-dose group（P〈0.01）,and the writhing times of moderate-and low-dose group was significantly less than that of control group（P〈0.05）;the highest analgesic rate was observed in high-dose group（36.73%） and the lowest analgesic rate was observed in low-dose group（14.45%）.The combined data showed Pogostemon cablin had inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing in mice,expressing good analgesic effect with exhibited dose-effect relationship.

Microphthalmia associated transcription factor（MITF） which has a typical helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper structure is found to exist in many species.MITF is involved in the growth,development,differentiation and function regulation of the organisms.The research progress on MITF was reviewed in this paper,so as to provide useful references for the further study on MITF.

In the present study,the correlation between shank length,shank girth and body weight of 120-day-old Guixiang Chicken was assessed using three batches of Guixiang Chicken.The results showed that the third batch of Guixiang Chicken had significant higher body weight and shank girth at the age of 120 days than that of the first batch（P〈0.05）,and the second and third batches had significant higher shank length at the age of 120 days than that of the first batch（P〈0.05）.The correlation analysis showed that the first batch displayed very significant correlation between the body weight and shank length as well as shank girth at the age of 120 days（P〈0.01）,and the correlation coefficients were 0.583 and 0.623,respectively;there was very significant correlation between the shank length and shank girth at the age of 120 days in the first batch（P 0.01）,and the correlation coefficients was 0.369.The analysis results based on the combined data of the second and third batches showed that the very significant correlation between the body weight and shank length as well as shank girth at the age of 120 days was observed（P〈0.01）,and the correlation coefficients were 0.605 and 0.726,respectively;the very significant correlation between the shank length and shank girth at the age of 120 days was also observed（P〈0.01）,and the correlation coefficients was 0.463.These results lay a theoretical foundation for the selection of body weight,shank length and shank girth traits in Guixiang Chicken,especially for the combined selection of the three traits.

This study was conducted to investigate the preservation effect of different extenders on Tibetan Boar semen at 4 ℃ and to provide scientific basis for reasonable and high-efficient utilization of excellent Tibetan Boar breeder semen.Five different extenders commonly used for preservation of Tibetan Boar semen in room temperature were selected.The sperm motility,sperm deformity rate,and the integrity rate of sperm acrosome and plasma membrane preserved by the five extenders at the 5thday of preservation period at 4 ℃ were statistically evaluated and compared.The results revealed that the NO.2 extenders exhibited the best preservation effect with the sperm motility of 0.54 at the 5thday of preservation period,and the sperm motility,sperm deformity rate and the integrity rate of sperm acrosome and plasma membrane preserved with NO.2 extenders were higher than those of the semen preserved with the other four extenders（P〈0.05）.This study preliminary selected the appropriate extenders for Tibetan Boar semen used at 4 ℃ and laid the foundation for the production and application of Tibetan Boar semen in the future.

The growth and development of broiler breeder in reserve period has great influence on their performance in laying period.Whether the growth performance of broiler breeder in reserve period reaches the required standard or not is the prerequisite for guaranteeing the egg quantity and quality and is also the key point for improving the economic benefit of broiler breeding farm.The first-hand data on actual production of parent broiler breeding farms were summarized and analyzed in this paper.Combined with the production performance standards in the ideal state,the weekly fluctuation of growth performance of broiler breeder in reserve period was displayed by data tables and curves.Furthermore,a probing analysis was made to narrow the gap between practical and theoretical production performance,to improve the growth performance of broiler breeder in reserve period and to select methods to strengthen management work.The results of this study may help the raising households in attaching more importance to broiler breeder in reserve period and making proper preparation before laying eggs,so as to make contribution to obtain greater economic benefits and supply more and better products for the market.

In order to assess the heterosis of Dorper and Mongolian Sheep, the Mongolian goat and the filet-filial generation （F,） and second-filial generation （F2） of hybrid offspring of Dorper and Mongolian Sheep were selected to statistically evaluate their slaughter performance and meat quality. The results showed that at the age of six months, the F： offspring had higher live weight, carcass weight, pure meat percentage, slaughtering percentage, carcass products percentage, and eye muscle area than that of F1 offspring and Mongolian Sheep, and significant differences in live weight, carcass weight, pure meat percentage and slaugiltering percentage between F2 offspring and Mongolian Sheep were observed （P〈0.05）; the sequence of L＊ value of triceps surae and longissimus dorsi was F2 offspring 〉 F1 〉 Mongolian Sheep; F2 and F1 offspring had higher shear stress and better tenderness than that of Mongolian Sheep. The combined data showed that the slaughter performance was improved by hybrid. The meat of the hybrid offspring achieved better performance in color （bright red colored） and tenderness than that of parents. The heterosis is expressed by cross-breeding of fine sheep breeds.

In order to understand the impact of grazing time on under-ground biomass of plant communities in desert steppe,variance analysis and regression modeling were used to systematically assess the under-ground biomass in desert steppe.The results showed that grazing time（early,mid-term and late stage）,root layer（0-100 cm） and the interactions between grazing time and root layer had very significant impact on the under-ground biomass of plant communities,and the highest amount of average under-ground biomass was observed in mid-term stage grazing in all root layers;the first root layer had the highest amount of under-ground biomass in all stages of grazing time,and the under-ground biomass was reduced with the increase of root layer depth.The fitting predictive model established in this study showed that the fitting degree of paddocks in early,mid-term and late stage grazing approached or reached 90%;mid-term grazing was beneficial to maintaining higher amount of underground biomass and was also favorable to the growth and development of the above-ground plant communities and to improve their drought resistance.

The breeding process,biological characteristics,features,resistance,quality,cultivation and management method and key points for seed production of forage maize ＂Silage 808＂ were introduced in this paper.The breed of ＂Silage 808＂ played a positive role in the implementation of planting structure adjustment policy and had broad application and market prospect.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of three methods for determination of Ca content in eleven kinds of feed ingredients,including potassium permanganate method（recommended by GB/T 6436-2002）,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt complexometric titration method（EDTA method,recommended by GB/T 6436-2002） and homogeneous precipitation method.The results showed that there were no significant differences between the results obtained with the three methods（P〉0.05）.The potassium permanganate method had higher accuracy than that of the other two methods,but its operating process was complex and time consuming;EDTA method was simple and fast,but the results obtained was uneasy to be judged;homogeneous precipitation method was not commonly used in practical production.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different processing methods on sensory quality and of nutritional components of straw.The dry straw with high quality was used as material and processed with sodium hydroxide,urea,ammonium bicarbonate and cellulose,and the straw of the same weight without any processing was used as control.The results showed that after processing for 20 days and 40 days,there were no significant differences in sensory quality between the straw processed with varied processing methods（P〈0.05）： the straw processed by sodium hydroxide was light yellow colored and soft;the straw processed by urea was golden yellow colored and soft with ammonia smell（with burned aroma after release of ammonia）;the straw processed by ammonium bicarbonate was light yellow colored and soft with ammonia smell;the straw processed by cellulose was light yellow colored and soft with sour flavor.After processing for 20 days,no significant differences were observed in content of CP,EE,Ash,Ca and TP between control group and processing groups（P 〉0.05）.After processing for 40 days,compared with control,the content of CP of the straw processed by urea was increased by 8.86 %（P〈0.05）;the content of CP of the straw processed by urea and ammonium bicarbonate was significantly higher than that of other groups;there were no significant differences in content of the other nutritional components between different groups（P〉0.05）.The combined data revealed that the physical traits and nutritive value of the straw processed with sodium hydroxide,urea,ammonium bicarbonate and cellulose was improved in different degrees.In consideration of the sensory quality and processing cost,the processing methods with urea and ammonium bicarbonate was economical and practical,indicating a potential promotion advantage in production.Due to the higher processing cost,the application of processing method with cellulose was limited,and further study on this method was needed.

DHA（docosahexaenoic acid） belongs to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and is favorable to human health.DHA is associated with the improvement of memory and promotion of retina formation and children′s brain development.The technology for production of raw milk naturally enriched with DHA utilizing coated microalgae powder as feedstuff of dairy cows was introduced.The raw milk produced by the developed technology was naturally enriched with DHA,without necessity of adding external DHA.The milk naturally enriched with DHA possessed the same processing characteristics with normal raw milk and can be used to produce all types of production with natural DHA.

The eggs containing metallothionein（MTs） was used as the main raw material to develop peptide mulberry juice beverage.The optimal preparation technology was determined using sensory evaluation as the evaluative index by single factor test and orthogonal test,and the beverage formulation with optimal stability was determined using sensory evaluation and precipitation rate as the evaluative indexes by the same method.The results showed that the optimal formulation of the developed egg MTs peptide mulberry juice beverage was 10% MTs peptide hydrolysis,25% fruit juice,12% sugar and 0.15% citric acid,and its sensory score was 85.36.The formulation with optimal stability was 0.03% carrageenan,0.1% pectin,0.06% xanthan gum,and0.12% CMC-Na;in this condition,the precipitation rate and sensory score of the developed beverage were 17.03% and 84.9respectively,and the beverage had a good flavor.

The process of a local heavy rainfall event with heavy-hard rain from August 6 to August 7 2016 in Chaoyang City of Liaoning Province was analyzed using the precipitation information provided by Micaps system and the radar product information provided by PUP.The results showed that this event was a typical rainfall process： two-ridge and one-trough was its circulation background;a cold front shear steadily maintained at 700 hpa;a low pressure system was in northern area of ground;triggering condition for uplifting existed.Meanwhile,the vapor energy was continuously supplemented by southwest warm-wet air and the positive wind-stress curl continuously inwardly transmitted and conducted,resulting in the enhancement of low-pressure system development in low altitude.

Based on the temperature data of Kuandian Station from 1960 to 2010,the variation characteristics of thermal resources in Kuandian County in the past 50 years were analyzed by using the one-variable linear function.The results showed that the annual average temperature of Kuandian Station was increased by 1.8 ℃ in the past 50 years,and the temperature in spring,summer,autumn and winter was increased by 1.5,0.9,1.0 and 4.0 ℃,respectively;the temperature rising period mainly distributed in November to February;≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature was increased by 212.6 ℃;the frost-free period was extended by 20 days.The period from 1980 to 1989 was the inflexion of the temperature variation;after that period,the annual average temperature was averagely increased by 1.2 ℃,and the average temperature in the four seasons was increased by 1.1,0.7,0.6,3.5 ℃,respectively;≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature was increased by 148.1 ℃;the frost-free period was averagely extended by 13 days.

In order to improve the climate prediction ability for summer precipitation in Tongliao City of Inner Mongolia,the short-term climate prediction method for summer precipitation in this region was developed by integral regression.The results showed that the developed method had clear physical meaning and the established prediction model reached significant level.The prediction model reflected the climate change process to a certain extent and had practical value proved by verifications.

Translational medicine is a newly proposed medical thought which serves as a bridge between basic medical research and clinical medicine.The significant roles of translational medicine in higher medical education have been gradually known by teachers.Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is one of the frontier disciplines in life science and is an important elementary course for medical undergraduates.To solve the existing problems in teaching of this course,some proposals are put forward based on the translational medicine thinking,so as to simulate the study enthusiasm and initiative of the undergraduates and to improve the teaching quality of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

Compound Feed is a specialized course with strong applicability for undergraduates majoring in animal science.In teaching process of this course,the cultivation of the undergraduates′ practical ability is expected to be emphasized and theory and practice should be combined.The teaching reform of Compound Feed is preliminary discussed.The teaching mode and content is optimized so as to improve the undergraduates′ practical and innovative ability as well as comprehensive quality.

The aim of the present study was to learn the current situation and the impacting factors of subjective well-being（SWB） of college students majored in animal and veterinary sciences,so that countermeasures can be further adopted to improve their SWB and learning motivation.Students majored in animal and veterinary sciences from a university in Jiangxi Province were investigated using SWB scale of Campbell for questionnaire,and SPSS 17.0 were used for data statistical analysis.The results showed that respondents′ average happiness index,index of general affect,and life satisfaction was 9.62 ±1.96,4.65 ±0.86 and4.51 ±1.23,respectively,which were below the average level of general college students.Students who were boys,in grade two,non-only children,unqualified for scholarship,with poor school performance,sleeping badly or doing less sport had lower SWB.In conclusion,strategies such as guiding them to plan for their career after graduation,improving teaching quality,increasing opportunities for practice,strengthening physical exercise,improving the sleep status and strengthening psychological counseling can be adopted to improve the level of SWB of college students majored in animal and veterinary sciences.

Livestock Environment Hygiene and Pasture Design is the professional compulsory course for undergraduates who major in animal science.Under the background of the construction of ＂environment friendly＂ society,the status of this course is more prominent.By innovative teaching content,changing teaching methods,and improving the assessment system and a series of teaching reform measures,the enthusiasm,initiative and creativity of the undergraduates were stimulated and inspired,and the teaching effect was improved.

Based on the authors′ teaching practice,the teaching of Biostatistics and Experimental Design was expounded from the following aspects： basic concepts and thoughts of statistics,grasping the main line of hypothetical test,specifying the using conditions for the analytical methods and the teaching practice of SPSS,with emphasis on application of readily understood case teaching and analysis on common errors.This study may be helpful for providing references for improving the teaching effect of related specialized courses in major of animal science and veterinary medicine in agricultural colleges and universities.

The problems existing in training mode of graduates with professional degree in recent years were analyzed.Combined with the abroad training mode,some corresponding solutions,including strengthening the construction of tutor teams and training base inside and outside the university as well as flexible selecting training mode,were proposed.

Based on the practical experience,we put forward some suggestions on teaching reform of animal nutrition experiment.The experiment designed for meeting the enterprise demand should be offered to the undergraduates by the way of college-enterprise cooperation,and full participation and examination of operating skill in experiment should be enhanced.This may be helpful for the cultivation of innovative talents who can adapt the demand of society development.The ordinary universities will successfully transform into applied universities with the help of enterprise and government.

In order to assess the cause of death of lambs in northwest Tibet pastoral area in cold season,investigations were conducted for three consecutive years in this region.The tissue or blood samples and serum samples were collected from the diseased or dead lambs and were used to perform etiological agent isolation and antibody determination,respectively.The results showed that the mortality of northwest Tibet lambs in three representative counties Rutog,Nyima and Gaize was approximately30.00%,the fatality rate of sheep lambs and goat lambs were 29.90% and 30.57% respectively,and the fatality rate of one-to twomonth-old lambs were above 30.00%;for the weak,diseased and moribund lambs aged from two day to sixty days,the average positive rate of E.coli in blood test was 25.42% and that of Salmonella was 17.82%;for the dead and moribund lambs,the average positive rate of E.coli,Salmonella and coccidia egg in blood test was 52.66%,28.02% and 11.59%,respectively.The results of this study suggest that the etiological factors associated with the death of northwest Tibet lambs were complex,and the comprehensive prevention and treatment measures are expected to be taken to effectively control the death of lambs in this region.

The livestock and poultry slaughter in Ergun City of Inner Mongolia went through the initial slaughter stage,loosely concentrated slaughter stage and lawfully fixed point slaughter stage,and its situation was improved to a large extent.Currently,although the livestock and poultry breeding industry of this region is gradually changing from extensive style to scaled and intensive style,the former style still dominates.Due to the impact of traditional breeding mode,the raising households still follow the bad habits,indicating the phenomenon of private slaughter without license exists.We introduced the current status of livestock and poultry slaughter in Ergun City of Inner Mongolia,analyzed the existing problems in process of slaughter and proposed some countermeasures,so as to provide useful references for improving the management of livestock and poultry slaughter and quality safety of livestock and poultry products in Ergun City.