JIVET is a technique using reproductive hormone to stimulate ovarian of young stock to rapidly and efficiently produce oocytes. In this study, in order to evaluate the application performance of JIVET in rapid propagation of Suffolk Sheep, 4 one-month-old lambs of Suffolk Sheep were selected and intramuscularly administrated with FSH and PMSG. Forty-eight hours after administration of reproductive hormone, the oocytes were collected by surgery and were subsequently matured in vitro. The matured oocytes were fertilized with prepared frozen semen in vitro. When the embryos grew to 2 to 8 cells each, they were transferred into the uterus of 6 receptor female sheep. The results revealed that a total of 109 available oocytes were obtain after the treatment of reproductive hormone and 79 of them were successfully matured in vitro, and the maturation rate was 72.48%. A total of 34 cleaved embryos were obtained after fertilization in vitro and the cleavage rate was 43.04%. Three receptor female sheep was pregnant after receiving embryo transfer and the pregnancy rate was 50%. Finally, 3 lambs of Suffolk Sheep were obtained. These results suggest the fact that the application of JIVET can shorten the breeding cycle of Suffolk Sheep and thus speed up the breeding of Suffolk Sheep.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different vitrificated cryopreservation solutions and loading devices on in vitro maturation rate of donkey oocytes. Four concentration gradient of solutions（ Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ） and 3 sets of loading devices were included in this study. The GV-stage oocytes of donkey were cryopreserved by using different solutions and loading devices and were subsequently matured in vitro after thawing. The maturation rate of donkey oocytes was served as an index to compare their performance in cryopreservation. The results demonstrated that the maturation rate of oocytes cryopreserved by solution Ⅱ（28.13%） was significantly higher than that of oocytes cryopreserved by the other 3 solutions（P0.05）, but was significantly lower than that of oocytes in control（51.77%,P0.05）. The maturation rate of oocytes cryopreserved by OPS（28.13%） was significantly higher than that of oocytes cryopreserved by ordinary glass straws（11.67%,P0.05）, but was not significant different compared with that of oocytes cryopreserved by GMP（23.53%,P0.05）.

In order to evaluate the clinical rationality of combined medication of kanamycin sulfate with florfenicol and to provide solid basis for further assessment of its safety indicators, the acute toxic effects of the combined medication of these two drugs on mice was investigated. The reported LD_（50） of kanamycin sulfate and florfenicol by intraperitoneal injection were 1 973.95 mg/kg and 636.68 mg/kg respectively, and the reported 95% confidence limit of kanamycin sulfate and florfenicol by intraperitoneal injection were 1 969.22-1 978.71 mg/kg and 538.5-735.1 mg/kg respectively. Based on these reported pharmacological parameters, the LD_（50） of combined medication of kanamycin sulfate with florfenicol was determined by equivalent diagram method.The results showed that in the combined medication, the LD_（50） of kanamycin sulfate by intraperitoneal injection in mice was 510.51mg/kg and the 95% confidence limit ranged from 437.52 to 595.66 mg/kg; the LD_（50） of florfenicol by intraperitoneal injection in mice was 765.60 mg/kg and the 95% confidence limit ranged from 656.15 to 893.31 mg/kg. Furthermore, the intersection of LD_（50） dose line of combined medication of kanamycin sulfate and florfenicol fell outside the upper limit of 95% confidence limit,indicating that the combined medication of these two antibiotics produced antagonism of toxic effect. These results suggest the clinical rationality and reliability of combined medication of kanamycin sulfate with florfenicol.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of ethylcellulose-coated VC on reproductive performance of SPF guinea pig. A total of 24 male and 72 female SPF guinea pigs of reproductive age were included in this study and were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the gender. There were 24 guinea pigs in each group, including 6males and 18 females. The diet of experimental groupⅠ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ was supplemented with 500, 1 000, 1 500 mg/kg of ethylcellulosecoated VC, respectively, and the diet of control group was supplemented with 1 800 mg/kg of monomer VC. The health status of the pregnant female guinea pigs during gestation period and the new born guinea pigs was observed and recorded in two consecutive pregnancies. The pregnancy rate and farrowing rate of female guinea pigs as well as birth weight and weaning rate of new born guinea pigs in the two separate birth orders were calculated and statistically analyzed. The results revealed that the reproduction performance of female guinea pigs in experimental group Ⅰwas similar with that in control group. The reproductive indexes of female guinea pigs in experimental group Ⅱ reached the optimal level, and 1 000 mg/kg of ethylcellulose-coated VC supplemented in diet could meet the demands of the pregnant female SPF guinea pigs for VC. When the supplementation dosage of ethylcellulose-coated VC increased to 1 500 mg/kg, no significant improvement in reproductive indexes was observed. These results suggest the feasibility of replacing monomer VC with ethylcellulose-coated VC as a source of dietary VC, and the supplementation dosage of 1 000 mg/kg is recommended.

[Objective] To establish the cultivation method of bovine endometrial tissue in vitro and to detect the expression of the receptors of PGE_2 and PGF_（2α）in the cultured endometrium. [Methods] The fresh endometrial tissue samples from bilateral uterine horn of health dairy cows in proestrus were collected and used for suspension cultivation in vitro. The cultured endometrium was histologically identified, and the expression of the receptors of PGE_2, including EP1, EP2, EP3（EP3A、EP3B、EP3C、EP3D）, EP4,and the receptors of PGE_2αFP were evaluated by RT-qPCR. [Results] The histological assessment indicated that the structure of cultured bovine endometrium in vitro was intact, and the morphology of the glands and nuclear of the cells was normal. The expression of all the tested receptors of PGE_2 and PGF_（2α）were found in the cultured samples from bilateral uterine horn of dairy cows in proestrus. The expression of the receptors varied, the highest relative expression was observed in EP4, and the expression of EP1, EP3 B and FP was relatively lower. [Conclusion] The in vitro cultivation method of bovine endometrial tissue was successfully established. The expression of the receptors of PGE_2 and PGF_（2α）were found in cultured endometrium, and the relative expression of different types of receptors varied.

In order to investigate the effect of kinetin on immunity of aging model mice, a total of 50 mice of Kunming strain were selected and divided into aging model control group, low dosage kinetin group, moderate dosage kinetin group, high dosage kinetin group, and young control group. There were 10 mice in each group with half males and half females. The mice in aging model control group and kinetin treatment groups were subcutaneously administrated 125 mg/（kg·BW）of D-galactose once daily on the back for consecutive 45 d. On day 11, the mice in low, moderate and high dosage kinetin group were intraperitoneally administrated with 5, 10, 20 mg/（kg·BW）of kinetin solutions once daily till 45th day; in the same period, the mice in aging model control group and young control group were subcutaneously administrated with saline on the back of the neck. At the end of the experiment, the spleen index of the mice in different groups was calculated, the activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-PX and the content of MDA in spleen were determined, and the serum content of IL-2, IL-6, IgA, IgG, IgM were evaluated. The results revealed that the spleen index of kinetin treatment groups was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of aging model control group（P0.05 or P0.01）; the activity of the 3 tested antioxidant enzymes of kinetin treatment groups was increased in different degree compared with that of aging model control group, and the high dosage kinetin group exhibited extreme significance（P0.01）; the content of MDA in spleen of kinetin treatment groups was significantly or extremely significantly reduced compared with that of aging model control group（P 0.05 or P 0.01）; the serum content of IL-2 of kinetin treatment groups was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of aging model control group（P 0.05 or P 0.01）, and the serum content of IL-6 was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that of aging model control group（P0.05 or P0.01）; the serum content of the 3 tested globulins of kinetin treatment groups was increased in different degree compared with that of aging model control group,and the high dosage kinetin group exhibited extreme significance（P0.01）. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that kinetin are capable to delay aging, resist oxidation damage and enhance immunity.

[Objective] To prepare Glycyrrhiza flavonoids nano emulsion by drawing the pseudo ternary phase diagram optimization prescription and to evaluate its stability. [Methods] The EL-40 and Span-80, isopropyl myristate（IPM）, and glycerol were used as surfactant, oil phase, and cosurfactant respectively. They were mixed to prepare Glycyrrhiza flavonoids nano emulsion. The accelerated test in the conditions of high temperature, high humidity and constant temperature was conducted respectively to evaluate the stability of the Glycyrrhiza flavonoids nano emulsion. [Results] The determined prescription was as following： 0.2 g of Glycyrrhiza flavonoids, 1.2 g of EL-40, 0.3 g of Span-80, 0.5 g of glycerol, 0.5 g IPM, and 4.0 g distilled water.The prepared Glycyrrhiza flavonoids nano emulsion was clear and transparent without layer, and it was evaluated as stable in accelerated test. [Conclusion] The developed technology in this study for preparation of Glycyrrhiza flavonoids nano emulsion is simple to operate and the nano emulsion exhibits good stability.

[Objective] This study aimed to prove the practicality of optional supplementary feeding scheme of Holsteins in alpine area. [Methods] The experiment was simultaneously conducted in two separate dairy farms designated as A and B. Healthy lactating dairy cows without clinical mastitis signs were selected from the dairy farms of A and B, respectively. In each dairy farm,the selected dairy cows were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental groups in the two dairy farms were offered high quality supplementary feed, and the control groups fed traditional diet. All of the dairy cows included in this study were grazed 5 h per day. The whole experimental period lasted for 60 d, including 10 d of pre-feeding period and 50 d of formal experimental period. [Results] The daily dry matter intake of dairy cows in experimental groups in dairy farms A and B was 15.77 kg/d and 16.11 kg/d respectively, and they were obviously higher than that of their counterparts in control groups（14.02 kg/d for dairy farm A and 14.47 kg/d for dairy farm B）. In dairy farm A, the daily milk yield of experimental group（16.89kg/d） was significantly higher than that of control group（12.25 kg/d,P0.05）. In dairy farm B, the significant differences in daily milk yield between experimental group（17.22 kg/d） and control group（13.21 kg/d） were observed（P0.05）. Compared with the same period of 2014, the daily milk yield of dairy cows in the two experimental groups in present study was both significantly increased（P 0.05）. The feed cost for producing per kilogram of milk in experimental group of dairy farm A was 0.26 Yuan reduced, which is significantly higher than that in control group（P0.05）. The feed cost for producing per kilogram of milk in experimental group of dairy farm B was 0.13 Yuan reduced compared with that of control group. In dairy farm A, the content of milk fat and milk protein of experimental group were 3.95% and 3.28% respectively, which were obviously higher than those of control group respectively; compared with the same period of 2014, the content of milk fat and milk protein were increased by0.29% and 0.22%, respectively. In dairy farm B, while the content of milk fat and milk protein of experimental group was both lower than those of control group, they also reached 4.08%and 3.15%, respectively. In dairy farm A, the number of somatic cells in milk of experimental group（3.914 ×105per milliliter） was 2.140 ×105per milliliter reduced compared with that of control group（6.054×105per milliliter）, and the incidence of clinical mastitis of experimental group was reduced by 2.67% compared with that of control group.[Conclusion] These results suggest the practicality of optional supplementary feeding scheme of Holsteins in alpine area,which is helpful for improving the economic benefit of enterprises and farmers and is worthy of wide promotion.

[Objective] In order to rationally determine the optimal supplementation level of Selenium-enriched Yeast in diet of Ujumqin Sheep in Xilingol region of Inner Mongolia and to provide theoretical basis for the promotion and application of Selenium-enriched Yeast in local mutton sheep industry, the effect of dietary supplementation of Selenium-enriched yeast on immunoglobulin and key cytokine of Ujumqin Sheep was evaluated in this study. [Methods] The experiment was conducted by randomized design with a single factor. A total of 240 healthy wether of Ujumqin Sheep were included in this study and were randomly divided into 4 groups（ Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ group）. The group Ⅰ was served as control group, of which the diet was supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of inorganic selenium（sodium selenite,DM basis）. The Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were served as experimental groups, of which the diet were supplemented with 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 mg/kg of Selenium-enriched Yeast（DM basis）. The pre-feeding period lasted for 15 d and the formal-feeding period lasted for 60 d. [Results] The serum content of IgM, IgG, IgA and IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 of Ujumqin Sheep were significantly increased when their diet was supplemented with Selenium-enriched yeast. [Conclusion] The dietary supplementation of Selenium-enriched yeast was able to enhance the immunity function of Ujumqin Sheep. In view of the feeding cost and immunopotentiation effect, supplementation level of 0.6 mg/kg Selenium-enriched yeast（DM basis） in diet was optimal and recommended.

Oxidative stress injury is considered to be closely associated with development of a variety of diseases in the body.When oxidative stress is severe, the inhibiting of oxidative stress and scavenging of oxygen free radical can be served as an important strategy for treatment of related diseases. Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway is an extremely important endogenous defense system in the body, which can maintain the balance of redox state in the cell and reduce the injuries produced by oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathways. The role of Nrf2-ARE pathway in regulating antioxidant enzymes activity, the association of Nrf2-ARE pathway with the emergence of oxidative stress related diseases, and the relationship of Nrf2-ARE pathway with other signaling pathways were reviewed in this article, so as to provide a reference for a better understanding of the role of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in resisting oxidation stress injury in the body as well as of related mechanisms.

In order to prevent the mildewing of traditional beef jerky in the early stage of retention period, a PCR assay for detection of molds in beef jerky was established, and the specificity and sensibility of the PCR assay were verified. The mouldy fresh beef, yeast, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus and E. coli were used as materials to verify the specificity of the established PCR assay, and a series of different concentration gradients of DNA solutions extracted from mouldy fresh beef were used to identify its sensibility. The results demonstrated that when the DNA extracted from yeast was used as a template, a specific 300 bp amplicon was obtained by the PCR assay; however, no amplicons were obtained using the DNA extracted from other samples as template, which indicated the good specificity of the established PCR assay. The specific bands were observed when the DNA stock solution extracted from mouldy fresh beef samples as well as the 10 times, 100 times and 1 000 times diluent of the stock solution were used as template in the PCR assay. The 2 ng/μL of the DNA template was still sensitive to the primers. The PCR assay developed in this study provided a new technique for the rapid detection of molds contamination of saled traditional beef jerky in market.

Whey protein, which is mainly composed of α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin,immunoglobulin and lactoperoxidase, plays an important role in human health. Here, we introduced the major components and nutritional properties of cow milk whey protein and analyzed the key factors associated with the development of commercial cow milk whey protein products, so as to provide theoretical basis for the further study on changing features of nutrition components of cow milk whey protein under different treatment condition and for the development and application of commercial cow milk whey protein products.

The teaching reform of Animal Physiology experiment is conducted by applying the following measures： strengthening self-study and experiment preparation, improving experiment preparation, cultivating interests in experiment, optimizing experimental content and teaching methods, perfecting examining and evaluating system, etc. The students′ learning initiative for Animal Physiology experiment will be stimulated and their ability to solve practical problems will be enhanced by taking the teaching reform.

Feed Hygiene and Safety Science is an important course in major of animal science, and the teaching quality of this course is directly associated with the graduates′ performance when they were engaged in feed related industries and with the approval degree of enterprise to graduates. According to the development of discipline and the trend of talent training, the existing problems in Feed Hygiene and Safety Science teaching were analyzed, and teaching contents, teaching methods as well as the modern teaching methods were reformed and explored, so as to improve the teaching quality of this course.

In this paper, the existing problems in teaching of Swine Production, for example, theoretical teaching divorces from practical teaching, undergraduates lack learning initiative, the professional quality of graduates fails to meet the social needs, were analyzed. The reform process of teaching contents, teaching methods and examination modes of Swine Production were reviewed,so as to provide reference for the construction of its course system that can meet the demands of the society.

The talents training modes in higher vocational education, such as cooperation of college and enterprise as well as combination working with learning, promote the deep fusion of college and enterprise. There are plenty of education resources from college, industry and enterprise which are mutually available. The integration of these resources is of practical significance for improving the talents training quality of higher vocational education, serving social economic development and cultivating the social responsibility.

Biochemistry is an important basic discipline which focuses on the essence of life activities. Due to its abstract knowledge and complicated content, Biochemistry is commonly considered as a ＂hard to teach and hard to learn＂ discipline. ＂Teaching＂ and ＂Learning＂ are two basic elements of the teaching process, they are independent and unified. In teaching process of Biochemistry, both of the ＂Teaching＂ of teachers and the ＂Learning＂ of undergraduates should be emphasized. The teaching reform in theoretical and experimental courses of Biochemistry is expected to be taken and the initiative of undergraduates′ selflearning is supposed to be strengthened, so as to improve the teaching quality and to solve the problem of ＂hard to teach and hard to learn＂ of Biochemistry.

In the practical teaching of Histology and Embryology of Aquatic Animal, a comprehensive experimental project ＂Fish Blood Smears Preparation and Blood Cells Observation＂ is newly set. In this project, the undergraduates participate in the process of blood smears preparation, which stimulates the undergraduates′ interests in learning and improves their practical ability; the undergraduates understand the basic procedure of blood smear preparation, master the experimental technique, and exert their subjective initiative. The application of the comprehensive experimental project not only exhibits incomparable superiority to that of the common experiment but also lays a solid foundation for later professional class education and postgraduate education.Meanwhile, it also provides plenty of talents with high quality for the relevant aquaculture industry, especially in the field of fish diseases prevention and control.

In recent years, with the rapid development of the modern grassland husbandry and the increasing attention on ecological environment protection in Anshun region of Guizhou Province, the comprehensive utilization has been constantly improved in this region. In this paper, we introduced the comprehensive utilization status of crop straw in Anshun region of Guizhou Province, analyzed the important roles of improving comprehensive utilization of crop straw plays in the local development of animal husbandry and improvement of ecological environment, and proposed some countermeasures in view of the existing problems and difficulties in comprehensive utilization of crop straw in this region.

The disputes on land and pastureland in rural and pastoral areas of Bayannur of Inner Mongolia were comprehensively surveyed by panel interview and field investigation. The main disputes on land and pastureland found in this region were classified, the reasons resulting in the disputes were analyzed, and the specific basis and resolution of mediation were proposed.

Pig behaviors are the comprehensive responses to its living environment and feeding way. The normal behaviors of swine are seriously affected under intensive feeding condition. Here, we presented a review on feeding behaviors, discharge behaviors, social behaviors, maternal behaviors and abnormal behaviors of swine, and analyzed the application of these behaviors in feeding and management. The knowledge on pig behaviors rendered in this paper may provide some references for correct understanding of pig behaviors for employed persons in swine production and for scientific application of feeding and management measures, so as to improve the production performance of pig herds and the economic benefit of pig industry.

In order to understand the infection status of bovine paratuberculosis in the scaled dairy farms in some provinces of China, a total of 16 172 bovine serum samples from dairy farms in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province,Hubei Province, Sichuan Province, Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province were collected in 2015 and used to detect the antibody against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The total antibody positive rate of the samples for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was2.59%, and the positive rate of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province, Hubei Province, Sichuan Province,Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province were 2.09%, 3.90%, 2.05%, 5.23%, 8.00% and 1.22%. The antibody positive rate of the dairy farms with different scales was as following： the large scale dairy farms was 2.42%, the moderate scale dairy farms was2.01%, and the small scale dairy farms was 4.32%. The antibody positive rate of the small scale dairy farms was extremely significantly higher than that of the moderate scale dairy farms（P0.01）, and was significantly higher than that of the large scale dairy farms（P 0.05）. It was indicated that the infection rate of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the scaled dairy farms in Anhui Province, Sichuan Province and Heilongjiang Province was higher, and the antibody positive rate of the large scale dairy farms was lower than that of the moderate and small scale dairy farms. The results of epidemiological investigation of bovine paratuberculosis obtained in this study offered reference for the control of this disease in China.

The accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease is essential to control the spread of the disease. With the rapid development of biotechnology, the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease is no longer restricted to traditional methods. At present,the commonly used methods are including serological detection which has the widest application range, molecular biological diagnosis and etiological diagnosis. In this paper, a review is given on the principle as well as advantages and disadvantages of the3 above-mentioned diagnostic techniques, and the future development of foot-and-mouth disease diagnostic techniques is prospected.

A case of obstinate vomiting in Panthera onca in Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo was reported in this paper. The obsolete cage and limited activity space were considered to be associated with the occurrence of obstinate vomiting. The main clinical manifestation of the diseased Panthera onca was the recurring of ＂intaking-vomiting- intaking＂. In the early stage of the disease,the abnormal behavior of the Panthera onca was ignored by the breeders due to the fact that no obvious effects of the behavior on the health of the Panthera onca were observed. Subsequently, a leopard in the same zoo was also found to vomit occasionally. Effective treatment measures were taken to cure the obstinate vomiting of the Panthera onca, and the good curative effect was achieved.