This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a traditional Chinese medicine compound ZD preparation on the expression of IL-1β in muscle of closed soft tissue injured mice. The soft tissue injured model in mice was prepared by the reported methods. The mice were treated by ZD preparation and positive control drugs at the 2ndday after modeling, but the mice in healthy group and model group received no treatment. The health situation and pathological changes of the mice were observed by naked eyes during the early stage of modeling and therapy. On days of 2 and 7 of modeling, the immunohistochemistry assay was employed to evaluate the expression of IL-1β in the injured muscle tissue. The results showed that the symptoms of depression and claudication were observed in mice of model group, and swelling as well as subcutaneous congestion was also observed in the injured muscle tissue. After treatment, the mice with soft tissue injuries achieved remission of symptoms. At the 2nd day of modeling, the expression of IL-1β in the injured muscle tissue of mice in model group, positive control drugs treatment group and ZD preparation treatment group was significantly higher than that in the normal muscle tissue of mice in healthy group（P〈0.05）. At the 7^th day of modeling, significantly reduced expression of IL-1β in the injured muscle tissue of mice in positive control drugs treatment group and ZD preparation treatment group was found compared with that in the normal muscle tissue of mice in healthy group（P〈0.05）. The combined data suggests that ZD preparation inhibits the inflammation caused by closed soft tissue injuries in mice by reducing the expression of IL-1β.

In this study, 15 high-yielding and 15 low-yielding Dehong dairy buffaloes were selected to compare their heat tolerance ability based on the collected DHI data. The experiment was conducted in the feeding environment with THI value of above 72, and the period of the experiment lasted for 27 d. At the end of the experiment, the milk yield, milk quality, and the hormone concentrations and physiological parameters associated with heat stress of the high-yielding and low-yielding Dehong dairy buffaloes were determined and statistically evaluated. The results revealed that the number of somatic cells of low-yielding Dehong dairy buffaloes was significantly higher than that of their high-yielding counterparts （P〈O.05）, but the content of non-fat milk solids of low-yielding group was significantly lower than that of high-yielding group （P〈O.05）. No significant differences in the other milk quality evaluating indexes between the two groups were observed. Under the heat stress, the concentration of ACTH in low-yielding Dehong dairy buffaloes was significantly lower than that of high-yielding group （P〈0.05）, but the concentrations of Cor, INS and T3 of low-yielding group were relatively higher. Based on the above results, we cannot draw the conclusion that there are differences in heat tolerance between high- and low-yielding Dehong dairy buffaloes.

The aim of the present study was to understand the differences in main blood parameters between healthy and vaginal myiasis Bactrian camels in Inner Mongolia. A total of 107 Blood samples were collected from healthy and vaginal myiasis Bactrian camels in Alxa Left County and other main Bactrian camels distributing regions of Inner Mongolia. The blood smears were prepared and subsequently stained by Wright ′s and Giemsa′s staining methods. The morphological characteristics of red blood cells and white blood cells of healthy and diseased Bactrian camels were observed and compared. The content of blood cells was determined by automatic blood cell analyzer. The main routine blood index of healthy and diseased Bactrian camels from the same and different regions were statistically analyzed. The ratio method was used to evaluate the plasma content of blood samples. The results revealed that the content of basophilic granulocyte in diseased Bactrian camels blood was relatively lower, but the content of eosinophilic granulocyte was relatively higher. Higher content of blood platelets in healthy Bactrian camels blood was found. No significant differences in blood cells content between healthy and diseased Bactrian camels from the same region were observed（P〉0.05）. Obvious changes in blood cells content of diseased Bactrian camels from different regions were found, but no obvious regional changes were observed in healthy Bactrian camels. The plasma content of the Bactrian camels included in this study ranged from 0.349 0 to 0.736 5, and the plasma content of most diseased Bactrian camels was higher than that of healthy Bactrian camels.

In order to understand the appearance characteristics and production performance of hybrid offspring of Wanxi White Goose and Hortobágy Goose, a crossbred experiment was conducted with male Wanxi White Goose and female Hortobágy Goose.The results showed that the somatotype of most crossbred goose was identical with Hortobágy Goose, and that of the others was identical with Wanxi White Goose. There were a few grey feathers in the back of adult female crossbred goose, and the feathers in the other parts of the body were white. All of the feathers of males were white. For 25% of the males, there were obvious sarcomas in head which were smaller than those of Wanxi White Goose. Additionally, for 25% of the males, their sarcomas in head were smaller. For the other 50% of males, there were no sarcomas in their heads. The heads of females had no sarcomas. The average weight gain of crossbred goose during 1- to 70-day-old was 4 795.91 g, which was significantly increased by 12.70% and 8.68%compared with that of Wanxi White Goose and Hortobágy Goose（P〈0.05）, respectively. The average egg yield（40.4 eggs per goose）, fertilization rate of hatching eggs（90.0%） and hatching rate of fertilized eggs（91.0%） of crossbred goose were significantly higher than those of Wanxi White Goose（P〈0.05）. Compared with Hortobágy Goose, the egg yield of crossbred goose was reduced. The fertilization rate of hatching eggs and hatching rate of fertilized eggs of crossbred goose were similar with those of Hortobágy Goose.

To identify the genes that potentially influencing the phenotypic characteristics variation of wild animals was the main objective of evolutionary genetics related research. Coat color was one of the optimum models that were commonly used in investigation of genetic mechanism associated with formation of animal coat traits. In this study, genetic typing test of 62 wild boars with varied coat traits was conducted by using Illumina pig 60 k SNP chips. Based on the SNP typing results, the genes associated with the variation of wild boars coat traits were identified by genome-wide association study（GWAS）. We found 6genome variation areas associated with wild boars coat traits, locating in SSC1（ALGA0001794,ASGA0006416）, SSC2（ASGA0011559）, SSC6（H3GA0018683）, SSC7（ASGA0035535）and SSC14（ASGA0060641）, respectively. The most significantly correlated SNP was found in SSC1 and located in the region of 27 899 596-27 899 696 bp（P =2.96 ×10^-5）. Six susceptibility gene loci associated with coat color traits of wild boars were preliminarily identified, which provides a basis for the genetic mechanism associated with formation of varied coat color traits of wild boars.

[Background] Mycoplasma bovis is a major aetiological agent of bovine respiratory disease complex（BRDC） which causes a variety of respiratory diseases of bovine and results in huge economic losses in livestock farming. Vaccination is the most efficient way to prevent the infections causes by Mycoplasma bovis. [Objective] To understand the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma bovis NM2012 strain by artificial infection tests and to provide potential strains for vaccine development. [Methods] Two-weekold calves were artificially infected by endotracheal inoculation with F_6, F_（12） and F_（20）of Mycoplasma bovis NM2012 strain,respectively. The clinical symptoms of the challenged calves were monitored for consecutive 27 days. At the 14-（th） day postchallenge, 3 calves chosen from each challenged group and 2 calves chosen from control group were killed, respectively. At the 27-（th） day postchallenge, all the other calves were killed. The pathological changes of the killed calves were observed by naked eyes and histologically analyzed. [Results] The F_6,F_（12） and F_（20） of Mycoplasma bovis NM2012 strain exhibited pathogenicity to calves and causes typical symptoms and pathological changes of Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the F_6 to F_（20）of Mycoplasma bovis NM2012 strain remains infectious to bovine, and Mycoplasma bovis NM2012 strain may serve as a candidate strain for vaccine development.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of algal polysaccharide on antioxidant capacity of broilers. A total of 180 one-day-old healthy broiler chicks were chosen and equally divided into control group, antibiotic supplementation group and algal polysaccharide supplementation group. There were 3 repeats for each group and20 chicks for each repeat. At the 21 thand 42thdays of age, the serum total antioxidant capacity and the serum content of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde of broilers in different groups were determined and statistically evaluated.The results revealed that the antioxidant capacity of broilers in algal polysaccharide supplementation group was obviously increased which was significantly higher than that of control group（P〈 0.05）. The surviving rate of broilers whose diet supplemented with algal polysaccharide was significantly increased.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of milk replacer on growth and rearing cost of early weaned calves. A total of45 newly born calves with similar weight were randomly assigned to one of three groups such that experimental group 1 fed A brand milk replacer, experimental group 2 fed B brand milk replacer, and control group fed fresh milk produced in the dairy farm.The birth weight, one-month-old weight and fifty-day-old weight（weaning weight） of the calves were determined and the rearing cost for each group were calculated and statistically compared. The results showed that there were no significant differences in birth weight and one-month-old weight of the calves among different groups（P 〉0.05）; The fifty-day-old weight（weaning weight） of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 was 5.12 kg and 2.86 kg increased compared with that of control group respectively, and significant differences were observed between experimental group 1 and control group（P〈0.05）; The average dairy weight gain of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 was 0.14 kg and 0.07 kg increased compared with that of control group respectively, significant differences were also found between experimental group 1 and control group（P〈0.05）; The average cost for individual calf rearing of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 was 198.8 Yuan and 222.0 Yuan less than that of control group. It was indicated that feeding milk replacer was able to promote the growth and save the rearing cost of calves as well as improve the economic benefit for dairy farm.

In order to investigate the developmental characteristics of confined sheep rumen in morphology, the sheep aged 40, 60,120, 180 and 240 days were randomly selected respectively, and their rumen volume, relative rumen volume, and the height,width and density of papillae in mucosal layer of rumen were determined. The results revealed that the rumen volume and relative rumen volume of sheep was increased along with the increase of age in days; After 60-day-old, the rumen volume was increased along with the increase of age in days（P〈0.05）; Before 120-day-old, the relative rumen volume was significantly increased（P〈0.05）.The height and width of papillae in mucosal layer of rumen was increased along with the increase of age in days; Before 60-day-old, the density of papillae in mucosal layer of rumen was increased along with the increase of age in days; After 60-day-old,the density of papillae in mucosal layer of rumen was reduced along with the increase of age in days. The morphological changes of papillae in varied parts of rumen are different in significant differences.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-arginine infusion through jugular vein on growth and development of Ordos Fine-wool Sheep fetuses during late gestation. Twenty-two ewes received an i.v.bolus of either 115μmol/（kg·BW） of Arg-HCl（Arg1 group） or 155 μmol/（kg·BW） of Arg-HCl（Arg2 group） or saline solution（control group） 3times per day from 90 to 140 days post-pregnancy. On the days 115 and 140 of pregnancy, the ewes were physically examined;The body weight, organ weight and body length of their fetuses were recorded; The concentrations of amino acids in plasma of ewes and fetuses were determined. The results revealed that on the day 140 of pregnancy, the heart weight and liver weight of fetuses in Arg2 group were significantly increased compared with those of fetuses in Arg1 group and control group（P〈0.05）. On the days115 and 140 of pregnancy, the plasma concentrations of arginine and ornithine of ewes received systematic L-arginine infusion were significantly increased（P ≤0.01）, and the plasma concentrations of glucogenic amino acid of their fetuses, including threonine, methionine, phenylalanine and lysine, were also significantly increased（P≤0.05）.

In order to accelerate the development of mutton sheep industry, improve the economic benefit of raising households and provide scientific basis for sheep feeding, the effect of different feeds on growth of fattening lambs was evaluated in this study.A total of 100 three-month-old male lambs of small-tail Han Sheep with similar weight were chosen and randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 50 lambs for each group. The lambs in experimental group fed complete pellet feed and the lambs in control group were fed by traditional feeding method with mixture of concentrate and roughage. The experimental period lasted for 75 days. At the end of the experiment, the weight gain related indicators, feed efficiency and feeding benefit of experimental group and control group were statistically compared. The results revealed that the daily weight gain, total weight gain, carcass weight and dressing percentage of lambs in experimental group were significantly higher than those of lambs in control group（P 0.05）; The actual feed intake of lambs in experimental group was significantly higher than that of lambs in control group（P〈0.05）, whereas the feed wastage of lambs in experimental group was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）; The feed efficiency of experimental group was increased by 4.36%; The feed conversion ratio of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group（P〈0.05）; The net income for single lamb fattening of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.05）. It was demonstrated that feeding complete pellet feed was able to improve the economic benefit of mutton sheep fattening for raising households by improving the growth and production performance of fattening lambs and reducing the labor cost and feed wastage.

Based on the research progress on selenium and VE at home and abroad, their effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows were analyzed. In view of the current status and existing problems in dietary supplementation of selenium and VE in dairy cow breeding in China, protocols on dietary supplementation of selenium and VE were suggested in this paper, so as to provide references for the scientific and rational application of them in practice for dairy farms and raising households and for improving the reproductive performance of dairy cows and the economic benefit of breeding.

In order to study the feeding effect of Chinese herb extraction additive on goslings of Wanxi White Goose, a total of 40 healthy 3-day-old goslings with similar weight were randomly and equally assigned to one of two groups： an experimental group fed commercial available Chinese herb extraction additive ＂Haonongbao＂ and a control group fed basal diet. The goslings of the two groups fed under the same condition, and the experiment period lasted for 30 days. The average daily weight gain, survival rate and feed conversion rate of the two groups were statistically compared. The results showed that the average daily weight gain of experimental group was 7.05 g/d higher than that of control group, indicating a 10.85% increase（P 0.05）; The goslings of experimental group were healthy and no occurrence of diseases were observed; The survival rate of experimental group was 100%which was 10% higher than that of control group（P 0.05）; The feed conversion rate of experimental group was increased by8.96% than that of control group（P〈0.05）. It was demonstrated that Chinese herb extraction additive ＂Haonongbao＂ was able to significantly improve the average daily weight gain, survival rate and feed conversion rate of goslings of Wanxi White Goose and was worthy of popularization and application in avian production.

Microbial preparation is a kind of biological agent that is able to regulate the composition and balance of microflora in digestive tract. It has been widely used in preparation of animal feed for optimizing the beneficial microflora and improving animal immunity. The development and application of microbial preparation not only changes the situation that the composition of animal feed lacks of biological component in China, but also reduces the cost of animal cultivation and promote the development of animal breeding industry. Here, we reviewed the application of microbial preparation in nutrition and feed of ruminants, analyzed the development status of microbial preparation at home and abroad, and put forward some application strategies on microbial preparation in nutrition and feed of ruminants.

″Ping 109″, a strain of oyster mushroom with high-yield, is bred by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Microbiology which is suitable for cultivation in Guanzhong regions. Based on the strong ability of oyster mushroom in selenium enriching, cultivation experiment was conducted by adding certain concentration of sodium selenite to the culture medium of ″ Ping 109″. The results showed that the highest enrichment of selenium was obtained when 40 mg/kg of sodium selenite was added in the culture medium consisting of 85% of cotton seed hull, 12% of wheat bran, 1% of sucrose, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of gypsum powder,and the culture temperature during mycelium stage was 28 ℃. Meanwhile, under this culture condition, the biomass of ″Ping 109″was also improved. The results suggest that adding inorganic selenium to culture medium is not only able to improve the production of oyster mushroom, but also accelerates the enrichment of selenium within mushroom. Supplementation of inorganic selenium is recommended in cultivation of selenium-enriched oyster mushroom.

Veterinary Epidemiology is a discipline mainly focusing on the distribution of diseases frequency in flocks and its decisive factors. In order to improve the teaching quality and to actively cooperate with the teaching mode transformation in which undergraduates serve as the main body, a series of new teaching methods, such as PBL, TBL and case teaching methods were used in teaching of Veterinary Epidemiology. The application of these teaching methods greatly stimulates the undergraduates′ learning enthusiasm and helps undergraduates establish the concept of innovation and team. All of these newly applied teaching methods have obtained satisfied teaching effect.

Animal Reproduction is an important professional basic course with strong practicality and applicability in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine specialty in higher vocational colleges. In order to adapt the current training requirements for undergraduates in higher vocational colleges, with the consideration of undergraduates′ characteristics, teaching reform of Animal Reproduction is conducted on the aspects of teaching contents, teaching means and methods, practical teaching, practice bases construction and the curriculum evaluation system. The teaching effect and the practical ability and comprehensive quality of the undergraduates were remarkably improved.

In view of the existing problems in teaching of Science and Technology Writing in animal science specialty of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, some countermeasures were proposed and their implementation effects were summarized, so as to explore the methods which could improve teaching effect of the course and to enhance the undergraduates′ ability in science and technology articles writing.

We systematically analyzed the prominent problems in development of animal pharmacy specialty, including ambiguous orientation in specialty, lack of teaching facilities, weak faulty, unreasonable curriculum provision, lack of practical training for undergraduates, etc. Combined with the practice in construction of animal pharmacy specialty in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, the improving suggestions on training goal orientation, curriculum system construction, faulty training, and laboratory and practice base establishment were proposed, so as to provide references for the construction of animal pharmacy specialty in related colleges and universities.

In view of the existing mode of laboratory construction and management in colleges and universities, we analyzed the traditional mode of laboratory construction and management in local colleges and universities as well as its disadvantages. We also discussed the construction of laboratory, extension of laboratory function, and reform of laboratory management mode in colleges and universities. Taking the existing problems in laboratory construction and management of School of Medical Sciences of Xinyu University as the breakthrough point, we proposed some specific suggestions on laboratory construction in local colleges and universities.

Public elective courses are a series of non-professional courses for all of the undergraduates in colleges and universities. The roles and function of public elective courses involving in talent training are expected to be emphasized. The existing problems in curriculum provision of public elective courses in colleges and universities were analyzed and improving measures for curriculum provision and regulation of public elective courses were proposed, so as to provide theoretical basis for the reinforce of management and optimization of curriculum system and content of public elective courses in colleges and universities.

Cele Black Sheep, an excellent local sheep breed in Xinijang, is a special genetic breeding resource in China. The research progress on breed selection of Cele Black Sheep with fecundity traits was reviewed, so as to provide beneficial reference for its selection and application.

The current situation of occurrence, development and epidemic characteristics of brucellosis were reviewed in this paper. Some suggestions on control of the emergence and transmission of brucellosis were proposed, so as to protect the susceptible animals and practitioners from the harm of the disease.

Avian colibacillosis is a primary or secondary disease caused by infection of Escherichia coli with certain pathogenic serotypes. The clinical symptoms involved in this disease include airsacculitis, peritonitis, acute septicemia and hemorrhagic enteritis, etc. The research progress on pathogenic Escherichia coli from avian origin was reviewed on the aspects of harm,antimicrobial resistance, preparation and employment of specific antibody.

Currently, the manner of sheep rearing has changed from grazing to scaled and intensive cultivation. The change of sheep rearing manner has become one of the most important factors that influencing the environment quality of sheep house. Here,we conducted a seasonal study to statistically assess the climate and environmental indicators of two types of naturally ventilated sheep houses with windows in an intensive sheep farm in April（spring）, August（summer） and November（autumn） of 2015 and January（winter） of 2016. The results revealed that the annual average temperature of double-slope type sheep house was 9.2℃and that of belfry type sheep house was 9.9℃; The annual average relative humidity of double-slope type sheep house was 45.9%and that of belfry type sheep house was 39.2%; The annual average wind speed of double-slope type sheep house was 0.3m/s and that of belfry type sheep house was 0.1 m/s; The annual average illumination intensity of double-slope type sheep house was 251lx and that of belfry type sheep house was 436lx; The annual average noise intensity of double-slope type sheep house was 52.4dB and that of belfry type sheep house was 54.8 dB. It was indicated that the annual average relative humidity and annual average wind speed of double-slope type sheep house were higher than those of belfry type sheep house, whilst the annual average temperature, annual average illumination intensity and annual average noise intensity of belfry type sheep house were higher than those of double-slope type sheep house.

In order to promote the healthy development of sheep farming industry and to effectively control and improve the environmental quality in intensive sheep farms, varied dung cleaning processes applied in different intensive sheep farms were investigated to analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Suggestions on selection of dung cleaning processes for intensive sheep farms were also proposed, so as to provide references for the rational treatment of dung in intensive sheep farms.