It is well known that endocrine disrupting chemicals（EDCs） is harmful for the health of animals and human. Most of the EDCs eventually enter into the water environment and cause damage of reproductive system and endocrine system of aquatic organisms. In the present study, the Gobiocypris rarus was used as material to evaluate the effect of MT exposure on its hormone levels. The concentrations of E2, T and 11-KT in adult female and male Gobiocypris rarus after exposure of MT for 7 days were determined by ELISA. The results revealed that compared to control groups, the concentrations of E2, T and 11-KT in female fish exposed in MT were significantly up-regulated（P〈0.01）; however, in male fish exposed in MT, the concentrations of E2, T and11-KT were significantly down-regulated（P〈0.01）.

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase（DGAT） is a key enzyme catalyzing the combination of diacylgycerol and fatty acid acyl to produce triacylglycerol, including DGAT1 and DGAT2. The discovery, structure, location and biological function of bovine DGAT2 gene as well as the association of its polymorphism with economic characters were reviewed and the research on DGAT2 gene was prospected.

A total of 24 wild Gymnocypris eckloni Herzenstein（females） from the Yellow River area were used as parent fish to perform the artificial propagation experiment by injection of LRH-A2＋DOM. This experiment was carried out in high quality fish farm of Liangshan Kehua Water Ecological Co., Ltd. in April 2015. Five female fishes died before laying eggs and one didn′t lay eggs, and the average induced spawning rate was 75.5%; A total of 143 000 eggs were obtained from 18 female fishes,while only131 000 were fertilized with the fertilization rate of 91.6%; A total of 102 000 newly hatched larvae were gained with the hatching rate of 77.9%. It is indicated that artificial propagation Gymnocypris eckloni Herzenstein is feasible in the non-growing district.

This study aimed to evaluate the regulative effects of combined use of Clostridium butyricum and lichee polyphenol on redox state of mice. The blank group, diarrhea model group, lichee polyphenol group, Clostridium butyricum group and low,moderate and high dosage of lichee polyphenol and Clostridium butyricum mixture groups were included in present study. From the 1stto 10 thday of the experimental period, the mice were administered for prevention and therapy purpose. At the 5thday, the diarrhea model in mice was prepared by intragastrical administration of folium sennae decoction. At the 10 thday, the serum MDA content, SOD activity, GSH content and MPO activity in intestinal tissue were assessed. The results revealed that the antioxidant capacity of the diarrhea mice was reduced and the inflammation in intestinal tissue was observed; The different dosages of lichee polyphenol and Clostridium butyricum mixture was able to reduce the content of oxidation products MDA, improve the activity of reductase SOD, stimulate the generation of reducing substances GSH, and inhibit the inflammation. The optimum effect was observed in moderate dosage group. It is demonstrated that the combined application of Clostridium butyricum and lichee polyphenols was able to improve the antioxidant capacity of the diarrhea mice and they have synergistic effect.

This study aimed to assess the effect of Cistanche tubulosa ethanol extract on blood biochemical parameters and cardiovascular function in rats and to evidence the assistant therapy action of Cistanche tubulosa on cardiovascular insufficiency from the aspect of modern medicine. A total of 24 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The low, moderate and high dosage groups were administered intragastrically 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g/（100 g·BW） of Cistanche tubulosa ethanol extract, and the control group was administered intragastrically the same volume of normal saline. The experimental period lasted for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, content of the main blood biochemical parameters, activity or content of the enzyme and hormone associated with cardiovascular function, organ coefficient, and the motility parameters of carotid artery smooth muscle of rats in treatment groups and control group were determined and statistically evaluated. The results showed that the low dosage of Cistanche tubulosa ethanol extract significantly increased the serum ALT content（P〈0.05）, but no significant differences in the other blood biochemistry parameters between the 3 treatment groups and control group were observed（P〈0.05）; The 3 levels of Cistanche tubulosa ethanol extract had no significant effect on activity of the 3 kind of myocardial enzymes; The Ang-Ⅱ content of low and moderate dosage group was significantly lower than that of control group（P〈0.05）, but no significant effect on EPO activity and ALD content was observed（P〈0.05）; No significant effect of 3 levels of Cistanche tubulosa ethanol extract on growth rate and organ coefficient was observed（P〈0.05）; The motility parameters of carotid artery smooth muscle exhibit a decreasing tendency（P 0.05）. The combined data suggests that Cistanche tubulosa ethanol extract has a minor effect on the blood biochemical parameters and cardiovascular function in rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of kinetin on T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and immunity of aging mice. The Kunming mice were randomly assigned to young control group, aging model group, low dosage kinetin treatment group, moderate dosage kinetin treatment group, and high dosage kinetin treatment group. To prepare the aging model, mice were subcutaneously administered 125 mg/（kg·BW）of D-galactose in their back skin. The low, moderate and high dosage kinetin treatment groups were intraperitoneally administered 5, 10 and 20 mg/（kg·BW）of kinetin solution, respectively.The young control group received no treatment. The changes in T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, the binding capability of red blood cell to C3 b R and ICR, and the apoptosis of lymphocyte in thymus and spleen of different groups were assessed. The results revealed that different levels of kinetin were able to increase the percentage of CD3＋, CD4＋, CD8＋T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and RBC-C3 b R rosette rate, and reduce the RBC-ICR rosette rate and apoptosis rate of lymphocyte in thymus and spleen. The combined data showed that kinetin could enhance immunity and delay immune senescence of mice.

This study aimed to evaluate the feeding effect of liquid feed on growth performance and rearing benefit of weaned piglets. A total of 3 180 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to one of the two groups： the experimental group（n=1690） fed different proportion of liquid feed in different experimental stages, and the control group（n =1490） fed pellet diet specific for piglets in normal ways during the whole experimental period. The daily average feed intake, weekly average net gain, feed consumption during the experimental period, feed conversion ratio and survival rate of the experimental group and control group in different experimental stages were observed, recorded and statistically compared. Meanwhile, the rearing benefit of the two groups was also evaluated. The results showed that during the 1stweek to 5thweek, the daily average feed intake of experimental group was increased by 10.45%-20.05% compared with that of control group, and the weekly average net gain was increased by 7.75%-13.61% compared with that of control group; the survival rate of the piglets in experimental group was increased by 0.81%compared with that in control group, and the feed conversion ratio was 0.10 lower than that of control group; the weight gain cost per kilogram in experimental group was 0.57 Yuan（6.74%） lower than that of control group. The combine data reveal that feeding liquid feed is able to relive the stress response, increase the feed intake, improve the growth performance and survival rate, and reduce the rearing benefit, which is worthy of promotion and application.

Based on the experiment data obtained for years, the cultivation technical requirements for Helianthus annuus, Setaria itlica and their multiple cropping were summarized. The cultivation technical regulation for multiple cropping of Helianthus annuus and Setaria itlica was established in which the concrete measures and technical indexes were defined, so as to provide technical support for the standardization, industrialization and marketization of the multiple cropping technology of the two crops.

Growth differentiation factor 9（GDF9） is described as a new member of transforming growth factor β superfamily. In recent years, the polymorphism of GDF9 gene is found to be associated with reproductive traits of mammalian. The structure,polymorphism and physiological effects of GDF9 gene as well as the association of GDF9 polymorphism and lambing performance of ewes were reviewed. Furthermore, the research on functional genes associated with ewes reproductive traits was prospected, so as to provide references for the studies in related fields.

The desert steppe ecosystem is particularly vulnerable and sensitive to environment change and human disturbance which plays an important role in the research of carbon cycle in grassland of China. Environmental factors and human activities as well as their synergistic effects affect the soil respiration in desert grassland. However, the studies on soil respiration in desert steppe ecosystem are still limited. Accordingly, it is of great significance to strengthen the studies regarding effect of non-growing season and different disturbance types on soil respiration, to assess the soil respiration of desert grassland by using remote sensing technology and to understand the general rules of soil respiration of desert grassland for protecting the fragile grassland ecology as well as guaranteeing sustainable development of grass and animal husbandry.

The spatial pattern distribution characteristics of Potentilla fruticosa population in alpine grassland of Qilian Mountain was studied by using Ripley′s k（d） function and community survey method. The results showed that for the height, density and coverage of the Potentilla fruticosa population, the shady slope is at the maximum level,sunny slope is at the minimum level,and the level of the flat land is between them; For the branch number of the population, the sunny slope is at the maximum level, shady slope is at the minimum level,and the level of the flat land is between them. The spatial distribution pattern of Potentilla fruticosa population exhibited a scale-associated changing trend： in the sunny slope, Potentilla fruticosa population showed an aggregated distribution pattern on a smaller scale, while on a larger scale, it showed a random distribution pattern; in the shady slope, the population in all scale showed an aggregated distribution, and the aggregation intensity exhibited a decreasing trend; in the flat land, the population showed an uniform-random distribution pattern. Due to the influence of slope aspect, the spatial distribution pattern of Potentilla fruticosa population was greatly changed, indicating the response mechanism of plant population to environment.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of drought on nature herbage in Evenk grassland of Inner Mongolia in 2015 and to assess the effect of climate condition and soil moisture on growth of herbage. During the critical period（from June 15 thto July 20th） for water requirement of herbage growth in Evenk region, the precipitation was reduced by 75.8%compared with that of the corresponding period of the previous years; the temperature was 1.7 ℃ higher than that of the corresponding period of the previous years; the lowest relative humidity of 0- 20 cm soil layers was 14.6% which belonged to the very dry soil moisture. In July 31 st, the aboveground biomass fresh weight was decreased by 32.3% compared with that of the corresponding period of the previous years, and the herbage coverage was reduced by 12%. By analysis on the related data collected in Evenk region from 2014 to 2015, the maximum aboveground biomass was found to be significantly positive related to the total precipitation during the critical period for water requirement of herbage growth（two sides 0.05 level）, indicating that as the total precipitation increased or decreased by 1 mm, the herbage production would increase or decrease by 19.7 kg/hm2.

In the attempt to improve the accuracy and precision of weather forecast in townships of Tongliao City and to make the weather forecast and inspection for townships automated and objective, the research on precise weather forecast for townships was conducted by meteorological department of Tongliao City, and the weather forecast and inspection system for townships of Tongliao City was developed. Currently, the functions of the system, including automatic manufacture, storage, release, inspection of the weather forecast for townships had been implemented, and the artificial correction was also added. The application of the system greatly improved the accuracy, precision and service ability of weather forecast for townships of this region. Here, we introduced the design idea, general framework, functions and application of the developed system.

Cellular and Immunology Experiment is an important part of the biological experiment teaching system. With the improved requirement of talents training objectives in colleges and universities on the undergraduates′ practical ability and innovative thinking, the content and teaching methods of this course in biological specialty of universities are expected to change accordingly. It is of great significance to discuss the teaching reform of Cellular and Immunology Experiment for enhancing the overall teaching quality of biology experiment under the new situation. We discuss the effective ways to improve the teaching quality of Cellular and Immunology Experiment on the aspect of teaching content reform, teaching methods improvement and experiment examination strengthening, so as to providing guarantee for culturing the high level talents in agricultural biological sciences with good basic quality and strong comprehensive ability.

Based on the characteristics of the discipline and the requirement of the undergraduates, we attempted to introduce the case teaching ＂Three-Step Method＂（case import, case analysis and case summary） to classroom teaching. We guided the undergraduates to think, analyze and summarize actively. The problems in the teaching process were analyzed and summarized. In this paper, we discussed how to apply case teaching method to Animal Nutrition Metabolic Disease teaching, so as to promote the teaching reform and improve the teaching effect. By implement of the ＂Three-Step Method＂, the theoretical and practical teaching was organically combined, the professional quality of the undergraduates was improved, and the interest and activity of the undergraduates for study was inspired.

In view of the main problems existing in teaching and practicing of Reproduction of Domestic Animals in animal science specialty of Tibet Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, reforms were proposed and carried out in 2013 animal science undergraduate class 1 and 2. After the reforms, we found that the practical ability and comprehensive capability for using of knowledge was obviously improved.

Most of the undergraduates just start their career with high applicability works when they graduate from the college.Accordingly, the teaching reform on Veterinary Pharmacology for college students must be application oriented and combined with the development and changes of animal drugs industry. In teaching reform of the course, the training objectives are expected to be defined, the integration of theory with practice should be emphasized, and the application of the veterinary medicine preparation should be paid attention to. The core content of the teaching reform includes renewal of teaching thought, adjustment of teaching content, improvement of teaching methods and means, and enhancement of practical teaching link. The principle of the teaching reform is ＂employment as orientation, students as the main body, teachers as the guide, ability training as the main line＂. The aim of the teaching reform is to cultivate the applied talents with high quality who can rapidly adapt to the requirement of the animal drugs industry.

In Zoology experiment of higher agricultural university, carp, bullfrog and mice were commonly used as materials for vertebrate anatomic operations. Traditional Zoology experiment focuses on the comparative observations of morphological characters and internal organ structures of these animals, but rarely pays attention on hematological operations. Taking undergraduates from grades 2014 and 2015 of animal sciences and veterinary medicine as an example, combined with the research progress of a new discipline of ecological immunology, we added some experimental procedures in teaching of Zoology experiment, including collecting blood and making blood smears of the experimental animals mentioned above. By adding these experimental procedures, the utilization rate of the animal was improved, the learning interest of undergraduates was motivated,the operational ability of the undergraduates was enhanced, and the innovative thinking of the undergraduates was inspired. We strongly suggest that hematological operations should be added to future Zoology experiment as new teaching methods,on one hand, such experimental operations cost less; On the other hand, they have exercising value for undergraduates and are great challenge for their psychological quality, practical ability and innovation ability.

The distribution of pork, beef and mutton production in China was analyzed by using Geo Da software. The results revealed that all of the pork, beef and mutton production showed a rising tendency, but their changing rate in different period varied; the pork, beef and mutton production expressed cluster state; the cluster significance of pork production was increasing but that of beef and mutton production was reducing; the distribution of pork production mainly clustered in South China but that of beef and mutton production mainly clustered in North China; the gravity center trajectory of pork production was in Hubei Province and moved to southeast direction, the gravity center trajectory of beef production was in Shanxi Province and moved to west direction, the gravity center trajectory of mutton production was in Shaanxi Province and moved to north direction.

Plateau characteristic ecological animal husbandry is an important industry for rural economic development as well as an effective way to solve the current problem ＂ agriculture, rural areas and farmers ＂ and to achieve a win-win situation in ecological protection and economic sustainable development in Lincang City. Based on field investigation, expert interview and literature consultation, we described the development status and existing problems of animal husbandry as well as the advantages of developing ecological animal husbandry in Lincang City. Furthermore, we also proposed some strategies to accelerate the development of plateau characteristic ecological animal husbandry in Lincang City.

In this paper, we summarized and analyzed the development status and existing problems in beef cattle breeding industry in Ningcheng County of Chifeng City of Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, we also pointed out the main existing problems in current development of beef cattle breeding industry, including the reduction of breedable cows stock, shortage of funds and land,and poor infrastructure. Finally, we proposed the corresponding countermeasures, so as to provide some reference for improving the development of beef cattle industry in this region.

The events that stray dogs hurt passers occasionally occur in university campus, which poses a great threat to the health and safety of the teachers, students and residents and also brings the serious hidden danger to the campus environment sanitation.We expound the causes of the presence of stray animals in university campus as well as their harms to the teachers and students,and put forward some effective measures to control the stray animals in campus.

Calves are reserve force for the cattle. The survival rate of newborn calves is associated with the growth performance,reproductive performance and economic benefit of breeding. Based on the physiologic characteristics of the newborn calves,including non-developed and matured tissues and organs, non-perfect defense function, weak environmental adaptability, poor resistance to diseases, we introduced the key technical points in feed and management of peripartum cow as well as rearing of newborn calves.

Probiotics are a kind of active microorganism which can influence the health of animals by improving the balance of intestinal flora. In recent years, probiotics are widely used as a microbial feed additive in animal production. In this paper, the effects of probiotics on the production performance of animals and the quality of animal products were reviewed, and its possible mechanism was further analyzed, so as to provide reference for the scientific application of probiotics in animal production.

Currently, the differences in the development of bio-cleaning technology in SPF chicken production between China and the developed countries still exist. Therefore, further exploration and investigation on this technology are needed. There are two key points in the bio-cleaning technology in SPF chicken production. The first one is to purify the air by using advanced barrier facilities so as to blocking all pathogenic microorganisms from entering into the SPF chicken bio-cleaning room. The second one is to apply strict management measures to prevent the bacteria and viruses that carried by human from entering into the SPF chicken house, and to eliminate the missing or remaining bacteria and viruses in cleanroom by disinfection and sterilization. In this paper,the technology for purification management of SPF chicken house is introduced, so as to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of the purification quality of SPF chickens.

Suspected cases of pregnancy toxaemia of Small-tail Han Sheep in a scaled sheep farm in south Xinjiang were diagnosed and analysis by epidemiological investigation, clinical diagnosis method, pathological observation and laboratory examination. The histopathologic changes of the diseased sheep were as followed： the liver enlarged and its section was valgus and greasy, the myocardial cells degenerated and the heart became brittle, the bleeding points were observed in endocardium and epicardium, indicating the typical clinical symptoms of pregnancy toxaemia. The serum content of ALT, AST, ALP and ALB of the diseased sheep was significantly higher than those of the healthy sheep in the same farm（P〈0.05）, and was also obviously higher than the normal reference range of the healthy sheep. The combined diagnosis results demonstrated that the emerged disease in Small-tail Han Sheep in the sheep farm was pregnancy toxaemia.

In order to assess the prevalence of goat anaplasmosis in the main goats breeding counties in Qiangtang Grassland in northwest Tibet, a total of 480 goat blood samples collected from Rutog, Gê′ gya, Coqên, and Nyima Counties were serologically analyzed by rapid agglutination test. The results revealed that the anaplasmosis widely prevailed in the goats along the highway of the above four counties and the average seropositive rate was 10.42%. The positive rate of anaplasmosis in goats under 1-year-old ranged from 7.50%（Coqên County） to 12.50%（Gê′gya County and Nyima County）. Amongst the goats of 1-to 2-year-old in the four counties, 10.00% of them were anaplasmosis positive. In the goats above 2-year-old, the positive rate of anaplasmosis ranged from 10.00% to 12.50%（Rutog County）. More attention should be paid to the prevalence of goat anaplasmosis in Northwest Regions of Tibet.

In order to observe the pathological changes in liver and spleen of chickens with Escherichia coli infection, clinical samples of diseased chickens were collected from poultry farm in Kunming region of Yunnan Province and were used for isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria. The presence of Escherichia coli evidenced the colibacillosis of the chickens. The liver and spleen of chickens were collected to prepare paraffin sections, and the pathological changes were observed using light microscope. The main pathological changes of the liver tissues involved in edema and coagulation necrosis, and the glassy degeneration in the area with serious lesions was observed. The main pathological changes of spleen tissues included extension of tissue space, sparsity and shrinkage of spleen lymphocytes, hyperplasia of stromal cells, presence of rod-shaped cells, and increased number of phagocytes.