Tributyhin （TBT） is widely distributed in natural environment and is highly toxic. Researches concerning the effect of TBT on animal reproductive function mainly focus on histological variations but barely focus on quantitative analysis. In order to evaluate the effect of TBT on reproductive system of female mice, a low level TBT exposure experiment lasting for 45 days with exposure dosages of 0.2, 2, 20 tLg/（BW＂ kg） was conducted using female Kunming mice as materials. At the end of the exposure experiment, the mice were sacrificed and the ovary, oviduct and uterus samples were collected. To observe the histological variations of the tissue samples, paraffin sections were prepared and stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin. The thickness of layers of ovary, oviduct and uterus tissues was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the changes in quantity of ovarian follicles in different phases were observed： the number of primary follicles showed a decreasing trend and that of the mature follicles was obviously decreased. There were no obvious histological variations in follicles. The thickened oviduct wall was observed, and the histological variations of serous layer and mucosa layer were obvious; the loose arrangement of oviduct internal circular muscle cells was observed. All of the layers of uterus wall showed changes and the most obvious histological variations were found in mucosa layer; the uterus wall became thicker with the increase of TBT exposure dosages. In summary, TBT exposure changed the histological structure of reproductive system in female Kunming mice in a dose-dependent manner.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HI8 on genotoxicity induced by 4-NQO. The β-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase producing feature of indicator strain E. coli PQ37 was identified by using SOS-chromotest, and the activity of [3-galactosidase in co-culture system of Lactobacillus plantarum H 18 and 4-NQO were determined. The results revealed that the expression of β-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase was induced by a certain concentration of 4-NQO; when E. coli PQ37 was treated with 4-NQO over a range of concentrations （0-333.33 ng/mL）, the activity of alkaline phosphatase remained stable （ 11.95-14.40 U）, indicating that the selected concentration range of 4-NQO was proper for the successive test; the activity of β-galactosidase in co-culture system of LactobaciUus plantarum H18 and 3 concentrations of 4-NQO was decreased compare to the negative control; When Lactobacillus plantarum H18 co-cultured with 83.33 ng/mL 4-NQO, the highest inhibition rate （42.87%） was observed, indicating that Lactobacillus plantarum H18 was not a high-antinmtagenicity strain. In conclusion, Lactobacillus plantarum H18 shows inhibitory effect on genotoxicity induced by 4- NQO.

In order to improve the preparation technology of animal skeleton transparent specimens, 3 methods for preparation of chicken transparent specimen were compared. The 3 methods shared the same process of sacrifice, fix, dehydration and hyalinization; the staining methods were alizarin red and alcian blue double staining, alizarin red and toluidine blue double staining, and alizarin red and alcian blue counterstaining. The best staining method for skeleton transparent specimens preparation was alizarin red and alcian blue double staining method, and alcian blue performed better than toluidine blue.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different restricted feeding and compensatory feeding programs on colon histological structure of ram lambs of Mongolian Sheep. A total of 30 4-month-old healthy ram lambs of Mongolian Sheep with moderate body condition and average weight of （20.70±3.51 ） kg were included and randomly and averagely divided to control group （CG） and feeding restriction group （RG）. The ram lambs received a compensatory feeding program for 60 days after they were restrictively fed for 60 days. All of the animals were reared in the same environment. At the end of the restricted feeding period, 5 ram lambs were selected from CG and RG and were slaughtered and sampled. During the compensatory feeding period, the remaining ram iambs from CG and RG were assigned to Leymus chinensis feeding group （CH and RH groups） and straw feeding group （CM and RM groups）. The CH and RH groups were fed green hay with concentrate to forage ratio of 5：5, and the CM and RM groups were fed straw with concentrate to forage ratio of 7：3. At the end of compensatory feeding period, all of the ram lambs were slaughtered. The colon tissue samples with a length of 3 cm were collected and were fixed in formaldehyde solution phosphate buffered （40 g/L, pH value=7.4）. The paraffin sections of the colon tissue samples were prepared and were stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin. The thickness of mucosa layer, submucosa layer, internal circular muscle layer and outer longitudinal muscle layers of colon were measured by using microscopy. Due to the fact that the serous layer was prone to displace, exfoliate and injury, which produced errors in experiment, the thickness measurement of serous layer were not included in this study. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. The results showed that significant differences in thickness of colon mucosa layer between RG and CG were observed （P〈0.05）, no significant differences in thickness of submucosa layer, internal circular muscle layer and outer longitudinal muscle layers of colon between CG and RG were found （P〉0.05）. There were no significant differences in thickness of all layers of colon between RH and CH （P〉0.05）. Significant differences in thickness of colon submucosa layer between RM and CM were observed （P〈0.05）, no significant differences in thickness of mucosa layer, internal circular muscle layer and outer longitudinal muscle layers of colon between RM and CM were found （P〉0.05）. The combined data shows that the thickness of colon mucosa layer of ram lambs of Mongolian Sheep is increased after a period of nutrient restriction.

In order to determine the crude extraction rate of egg white lysozyme and to evaluate the antibacterial effect of egg white in eggs from different breeds of laying hens, the scattered local chicken （cultivated in Suichang County） eggs, packed and unpacked eggs sold in market from local chicken and common fresh commercial eggs were used as materials. The egg weight, egg white weight, crude extraction rate of egg white lysozyme, and antibacterial effect of egg white against Escherichia coli （E. coli） and Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） were determined and compared. The results showed that the weight of scattered local chicken （cultivated in Suichang County） eggs was significantly lower than that of the other 3 breeds of eggs （P〈0.01）. No significant differences in egg white weight and crude extraction rate of egg white lysozyme between the 4 breeds of eggs were observed （P〉0.05）. The egg white of scattered local chicken （cultivated in Suichang County） eggs had better antibacterial effect against E. coli （P〈0.01）. There were no significant differences in antibacterial effect of egg white against S. aureus between the 4 breeds of eggs （P〉0.05）.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 （ECFI 8 ） with different serotypes is considered to be the causative agent of edema disease and post weaning diarrhea in piglets. The α1 fucosytransferase （FUT1） gene has been identified as a candidate gene for genetic traits showing sensitivity or resistance to F18 mediated adhesion. In the present study, the genetic variation of FUT1 gene was assessed by using PCR-RFLP technique. The genotypes and gene frequency of FUT1 gene in five pig herds in Shanghai, including Duroc （n=77）, Landrace （n=47）, Large White （n=144）, Shennong （n=72） and Meishan （n=69）, were determined. The results showed that 3 genotypes （AA, AG, GG） ofFUT1 gene were observed in hers of Duroc, Large White and Shennong： in Duroc herds, the genotype frequency of AA, AG and GG was 0.16, 0.40 and 0.44, respectively; in Large White herds, the genotype frequency of AA, AG and GG was 0.03, 0.40 and 0.57, respectively; in Shennong herds, the genotype frequency of AA, AG and GG was 0.01, 0.25 and 0.74, respectively. In Landrace herds, the genotypes of AG and GG were found and their genotype frequency was 0.21 and 0.79 respectively, and the genotype of AA （disease-resistant type） was absent. There was only GG genotype observed in Meishan herds.

In the traditional pastoral areas of China, the meat performance of local mutton sheep varieties has been improved a lot by the binary and ternary hybridization. However, an efficient hybrid system in China still hasn＇t been established yet, and the situation that the individual meat performance is relatively lower and the economic utilization is poor hasn＇t been improved. Additionally, establishing a scientific and reasonable hybrid utilization system is of great significance for the highly efficient, ecological and sustainable development of the mutton sheep industry. Based on the analysis of deficiency of traditional mutton sheep varieties in China and introduction of foreign hybrid utilization model, we introduce a new economic hybrid model for grazing mutton sheep--the half cycle hybridization.

A total of 379 2-year-old ewes from 3 core breeding populations of superfine-type cashmere goats in Inner Mongolia were included in this study to assess the correlation between their main phenotypic traits （body size and fiber traits）. The results showed that there were differences between body size and fiber traits in 3 core breeding populations. The average fibre diameter of each population was all less than 13.99 pLm. There were significant differences in fibre length between 3 core breeding populations （P〈0.05） ：Alxa Right Banner Cashmere Goat Breeding Base （7.90 cm） 〉 Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat Breeding Farm （7.53 cm）〉 Alxa White Cashmere Coat Breeding Farm （6.59 cm）. The fibre diameter was significantly and negatively correlated with fibre length （P〈0.05）, the cashmere thickness was significantly and positively correlated with fibre length and raw cashmere weight （P〈0.01）, and live body weight after rawing cashmere was significantly and positively correlated with body length and chest circumference （P〈0.01）. The regression equation of phenotypie traits to raw cashmere weight was Y1=44.99＋43.26X2＋ 2.80X6, and the regression equation of phenotypie traits to live body weight after tawing cashmere was Y2=5.48＋0.19Xs＋0.09X6.

In order to provide technical support for the rapid propagation of good quality breeding Cashmere Goat, the effect of embryo transfer methods with dual embryos and single embryo on pregnancy rate and lambing rate of Mongolian Cashmere Goats was evaluated. Five donors were subjected to estrus synchronization and super-ovulation and were then artificially inseminated. The collected available embryos were transferred into 39 receptors, 10 of them received dual embryos and 29 of them received single embryo. The pregnancy rate and lambing rate of dual embryos and single embryo transferred receptors was calculated and compared. The results showed that the estrus rate of the 5 donors treated by CIDR was 100%; a total of 64 embryos were obtained and 49 of them were qualified to be used for embryo transfer, indicating the available embryo rate was 76.56%, the pregnancy rate and lambing rate of receptors receiving dual embryos was 90.00% （9/10） and 180% （18/10）, respectively; the pregnancy rate and lambing rate of receptors receiving single was 68.97% （20/29） and 62.07% （18/29） , respectively. Dual embryos transfer method showed higher pregnancy rate and lambing rate than single embryo transfer method and had good applicability and great extension value.

In order to solve the problem that breeds of good quality fine wool sheep are scarce and to develop an efficient and rapid propagation technology, Ordos Fine Wool Sheep （n=55） and Mongolian Sheep （n=36） were selected as donors and receptors respectively to evaluate the efficiency of embryo transfer experiment. The donors were subjected to super-ovulation by multiple injections of FSH with diminishing dosages. After the treatment of synchronous estrus, super-ovulation and artificial insemination, the embryos of donors were recovered from uterine horn by surgery. The embryos were flushed twice for 36 of the 55 donors. The recovered embryos were identified and were then transferred into the receptors. The results showed that a total of 788 embryos were recovered and 479 of them are available; the average number of recovering embryos for each donor was 8.66, the average number of available embryos for each donor was 5.26, and the available embryos rate was 60.79%. A total of 290 receptors were pregnant, indicating that the conception rate was 61.83% （290/469）; a total of 253 iambs were obtained, indicating that the reproductive rate was 53.94% （253/469）.

In order to compare the feeding value of Helianthus tuberosus L. silage and whole plant corn silage, the effect of adding lactic acid bacteria （LAB） and cellulose （CE） on fermentation quality of Helianthus tuberosus L. silage was assessed, and the optimal packing density of Helianthus tuberosus L. for storage was determined. Three separate experiments were designed and carried out in this study. Experiment 1： The silage was prepared by using Heliaathus tuberosus L. and whole plant corn which were cut at early blooming period and 1/3 milk line period, respectively. Three duplicate samples for both silages were prepared. Experiment 2： Helianthus tuberosus L. was ensi]ed with LAB （2.0 g/t fresh weight）, CE （2.0 g/t fresh weight） and LAB （2.0 g/t fresh weigh） ＋ CE （2.0 g/t fresh weight）, and the silages without additives were served as control （CK）. There were 3 duplications for each treatment. Experiment 3： Helianthus tuberosus L. was packed at densities of 550, 600, 650, 700, 750 kg/m^3 respectively and was ensiled in laboratory silos. There were 3 duplications for each packing density. The results showed that there were no differences in fermentation quality between Helianthus tuberosus L. silage and whole plant corn silage. The contents of neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） were significantly lower in Helianthus tuberosusL, silage compared to whole plant corn silage, and the in vitro dry matter digestibility （IVDMD） in Helianthus tuberosus L. silage was significantly higher than that in whole plant corn silage （P〈0.05）, which indicated that the feeding value ofHelianthus tuberosus L. silage is better than whole plant corn silage. Adding LAB significantly decreased the pH value and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen （AN/TN）in Helianthus tuberosus L. silage and significantly increased the content of lactic acid （LA,P〈0.05）, which indicated that adding LAB improved the fermentation quality of Helianthus tuberosus L. silage. No significant differences in fermentation quality between the silages with and without CE were observed （P〉0.05）. As the increase of packing density, the pH value and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen （AN/TN） in Helianthus tuberosus L. silage was found to be significantly decreased （P〈0.05）, and the content of LA was significantly increased （P〈0.05）.When the packing densities were no less than 650 kg/m^3, no butyrie acid was detected and the AN/TN was below 10%, which indicated that the optimal packing density for preparation of Helianthus tuberosus L. silage with superior fermentation quality was 650 kg/m^3.

Under the same rearing condition and concentrate consumption, the crossbreds of Nubian Goat and Longlin Goat were fed to appetite with 4 varieties of herbage, and the feeding effect of 4 varieties of herbage was compared. The results showed that ＂Guicao NO. 1 Wangcao＂ exhibited the best fattening effect which produced the highest daily gain and best economic benefit. It is indicated that the ＂Guicao NO.1 Wangcao＂ is the good quality herbage varieties for goats breeding in Guangxi and has great extension value in this region.

In the present study, the distribution of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） and characteristics of plant community in the soils with different using ways in desert grassland were investigated. Higher soil total P content and soil total N content was observed in re-seeding area and re-watering and re-seeding area, respectively; the highest and lowest soil N/P ratio was found in re-watering and re-seeding area and grazing-prohibited area, respectively; the height, coverage and density of plant community in re-watering and re-seeding area was higher than that in the other areas, and the lowest value was observed in grazing- prohibited area. The combined data suggest that the soil N/P ratio greatly influences the characteristics of plant community.

The impacting factors of experimental data collected in implementation process of National Herbage Cuhivar Regional Test Program from 2008 to 2016 were summarized, and corresponding countermeasures to improve the accuracy and reliability of experimental data were proposed, so as to standardize the implementation process of National Herbage Cuhivar Evaluation Program in Qinghai Province.

In order to provide scientific references for cultivation of alfalfa in western Shandong, the effect of fertilizer combinations with different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on nutritional quality of alfalfa was assessed in this study. The alfalfa variety of Sanditi was used as material. The experimental design was a completely randomized design. At the initial flowering stage, the contents of crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude ash of alfalfa in each treatment group were determined. The results showed that the nutritional quality of alfalfa was improved by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization： the contents of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash of alfalfa were increased, and the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were decreased. The fertilization with appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can improve the nutritional quality of alfalfa.

Due to the increase domestic demand for lawn, an appropriate culture model for warm type lawn in southern regions of China is urgently needed to be developed. Sand culture model for of Zoysia japonica shows a series of advantages, such as high survival rate, fast lawn establishment, low incidence of diseases and insect pests, energy conservation, environmental protection, and has no destruction to the soil resource. This culture model adapts to the development trend of lawn quality requirements. We introduce the infrastructure, cultivation and management principles, and other requirements and technologies of Zoysia japonica cultivation using river sand. The differences in Zoysia japonica establishment efficiency between sand culture model and soil culture model were also analyzed.

In view of the current status of beef cattle breeding and forage grass resources utilizing in Erbanshan District of Panzhihua City of Sichuan Province, 3 varieties of silage maize and 4 varieties of ryegrass were introduced. The rotation model test of ＂silage maize＋ ryegrass＂ was conducted. In the 4 tested ryegrass varieties, the highest fresh grass yield （ 12 973.2 kg/667 m^2） and best planting benefit （5 189.3 Yuan/667 m2） was observed in ＂Lvdao＂. In the 3 tested silage maize varieties, the highest fresh grass yield （8 967.4 kg/667 m^2） and best planting benefit （3 587.0 Yuan/667 m^2） was observed in ＂YR12＂. The screened optimal rotation combination was ＂Lvdao＋ YR12＂ with annual fresh grass yield of 21 940.6 kg/667 m^2, followed by ＂Tegao＋ YR12＂ with annual fresh grass yield of 20 762.2 kg/667 m^2. The application and extension of the ＂silage maize＋ ryegrass＂ rotation model in areas with altitude of 1 400-1 600 m in Erbanshan District greatly improved the herbage yield in unit land area and comprehensive utilization efficiency of land resources.

One Village One Product and One Industry One Town movements are important measures for the market economy development and socialized mass production in countryside and pastoral area. They are important realization forms for specialized production and scaled management in countryside and pastoral area based on villages （Gacha）. It is also an effeetive way for industry construction, increase of the income of farmers and herdsmen, and development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry. Based on the summarization of development status, experiences and existing problems in One Village One Product movement in Inner Mongolia, we proposed the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, so as to promote the characteristic economy construction and development of One Village One Product in Inner Mongolia.

Longfeng wetland nature reserve is an inland-wetland and water ecosystem which is located in Longfeng District of Daqing City. This wetland is one of the few remaining urban wetlands in China which has multiple ecological values, such as flow adjustment, groundwater recharge, nutrients deposition, climate regulation, pollutant degradation, ecological balance maintain, and landscape value as well as education and scientific research value. The research status and value of animal and plant resources in Longfeng wetland was systematically introduced, so as to provide references for protection and study on Longfeng wetland.

Animal Biochemistry is an important basic professional course set in most agricultural universities. The cultivation of undergraduates＇ learning interest in Animal Biochemistry is an important mission. The popularization and application of mobile internet renders a new approach for the cultivation of undergraduates＇ learning interest in Animal Biochemistry. The undergraduates can acquire plenty of learning resources associated with Animal Biochemistry from mobile internet. Based on the characteristics of Animal Biochemistry, we discuss how to cultivate undergraduates＇ learning interest from the perspective of theory and practice under the mobile internet environment, so as to provide references for other college teachers.

In order to enhance the veterinary specialty construction, the social demand analysis for veterinary prolessional talents was initially conducted. Furthermore, the specialty construction goal was defined, and the scientific and rational principle and system for specialty construction were made, so as to cultivate a large number applied and skillful talents who can adapt to the healthy development of animal husbandry industry.

Epigenetics mainly focuses on genetic mechanisms underlining regulation of gene expression in genome level which is unrelated to the change of DNA sequence. We summarize the design and experience of the teaching practice of Epigenetics for undergraduates in animal science specialty and put forward the relevant improvement measures.

The talents with strong theoretical and practical ability in animal nutrition field are urgently needed clue to the transition of animal husbandry industry from classical mode to specialized and industrialized mode in China. Additionally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing organic integration of theoretical and practical teaching of undergraduates are proposed, so as to improve the cultivating level of compound talents in animal nutrition field.

The combined application of question guiding teaching model and traditional teaching model in teaching of Food Microbiology is of significance for the cultivation of undergraduates＇ ability to autonomously learn, solve practical problems and innovate. The traditional teaching model makes undergraduates to systemically learn theoretical knowledge after helping them to construct a knowledge system, which brings a lot of information for undergraduates in classroom. The question guiding teaching model is favorable to stimulate the undergraduates＇ interest in learning professional knowledge, and to improve the undergraduates＇ ability to consult document, analyze and solve problems, and to cooperate. Based on the contents of Food Microbiology, the two teaching models are compared and are comprehensively applied in teaching, and the existing problems in teaching of Food Microbiology are discussed, so as to provide bases for the better and extensive application of question guiding teaching model combining with traditional teaching model.

Taking the construction process of animal production teaching team in Xinyang Agricuhure and Forestry University as an example, we discuss the key contents in animal production teaching team construction in the newly upgraded local university, so as to provide references for the construction of animal production teaching team that are suitable for the development of animal science specialty.

Urinary closure is a commonly observed urologic disease in cats. This disease is usually caused by lower urinary tract syndrome （spontaneous cystitis） and bladder stones. There is higher risk for male cats for this disease due to their special anatomical structure. Urinary closure always results in acute renal failure. Here, we introduces the clinical diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of a case of acute renal failure in cat caused by urinary closure with emphasis on treatment protocols, so as to provide references for other pet veterinarians.