Abstract: The effect of chromosomes of Leymus racemosus on drought and salt tolerance in wheat was understood to provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of beneficial genes.The relative shoot length,salt injury index of 10 wheat Leymus racemosus addition lines,substitution lines and their wheat background Chinese Spring were measured at the stage of germination under 20%PEG6000 and different concentration of NaCl.The results showed that the drought tolerance and salt tolerance might be controlled by several chromosomes of Leymus racemosus.Positive effect of Chromosome F,J,L and N on drought tolerance were found,the affect in following order:N>J>F>L and chromosome E was the most sensitive to drought.5 chromosomes of E,F,I,in J and N could increase salt tolerance and chromosome I had greatest positive effect on salt tolerance under 250 mmol/L.The Leymus racemosus chromosome addition lines mentioned above would be used in wheat breeding for improving drought and salt tolerance.