小麦重组自交系群体抗倒伏相关性状遗传变异分析及强秆高产种质筛选

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.04.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确小麦强秆育种的筛选指标并挖掘兼具抗倒伏与高产潜力的种质资源,为小麦抗倒伏遗传改良提供支撑。【方法】利用强秆小麦漯麦163与开麦18杂交构建的重组自交系（RILs）群体,测定RILs群体的第二茎节强度、第二茎节壁厚、第二茎节茎粗、第二茎节长度、第一茎节强度、株高、单株鲜重、重心高度8个茎秆抗倒伏相关性状和千粒重、穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重4个产量相关性状,结合方差分析、相关性分析,明确茎秆关键力学指标;结合聚类分析筛选茎秆力学性能优异新种质,并进行茎秆显微结构观察,探明茎秆抗折力表现优异的关键因素。【结果】RILs群体在茎秆抗倒伏性状上表现出超亲分离,其中,第二茎节强度、第二茎节壁厚、第一茎节强度遗传变异潜力突出,第二茎节茎粗、第二茎节壁厚和第二茎节强度共同构成抗倒伏的关键力学指标体系。通过聚类分析筛选出12份兼具强秆与高产特性的优异小麦材料,其第二茎节强度均超越强秆亲本漯麦163,显微结构分析进一步证实其优异的抗折力与茎节机械组织厚度密切相关。【结论】筛选出的12份强秆高产种质为小麦抗倒伏育种提供了优质亲本资源;明确了小麦抗倒伏能力评价中的茎秆关键力学指标,并证实茎节机械组织厚度是影响茎秆抗折力的重要形态学特征。

关键词: 小麦, 重组自交系, 强秆育种, 茎秆强度, 力学指标, 种质筛选

Abstract: 【Objective】To identify screening indicators for strong-stem wheat breeding and excavate germplasm resources that combine lodging resistance with high yield potential,thereby providing support for genetic improvement of wheat lodging resistance. 【Methods】A recombinant inbred line（RIL）population was constructed by crossing the strong-stem wheat variety Luomai 163 with Kaimai 18. Eight lodging resistance-related stem traits were measured in the RIL population,including second internode strength,second internode thickness,second internode diameter,second internode length,first internode strength,plant height,fresh weight of single plant,and center of gravity height,along with four yield-related traits：thousand kernel weight,spike length,kernel number per spike,and kernel weight per spike,and by integrating variance analysis and correlation analysis,the key mechanical indicators of stem were identified;by combining cluster analysis,new germplasm lines with superior stem mechanical performance were screened,and microscopic stem structure was observed to elucidate the key factors contributing to excellent stem bending resistance.【Results】The RIL population exhibited transgressive segregation for lodging resistance-related stem traits,with particularly prominent genetic variation potential in second internode strength,second internode thickness,and first internode strength. Second internode diameter,second internode thickness,and second internode strength collectively constituted the key mechanical indicator system for lodging resistance. Cluster analysis identified 12 elite wheat lines combining strong stems and high yield,all of which surpassed the strong-stem parent Luomai 163 in second internode strength. Microstructural analysis further confirmed that their superior bending resistance was closely associated with the thickness of mechanical tissues in the internode.【Conclusion】The 12 selected strong-stem,high-yield germplasm lines provide high-quality parental resources for wheat lodging resistance breeding. Stem key mechanical indicators for evaluating wheat lodging resistance are clarified,and internode mechanical tissue thickness is verified as an important morphological feature influencing stem bending strength.

Key words: Wheat, Recombinant inbred lines, Strong-stem breeding, Stem strength, Mechanical indicators, Germplasm screening

中图分类号:

S512.1

苏启航, 卢雯瑩, 孙少光, 贺洁, 苏亚蕊. 小麦重组自交系群体抗倒伏相关性状遗传变异分析及强秆高产种质筛选[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(4): 1-10.

SU Qihang, LU Wenying, SUN Shaoguang, HE Jie, SU Yarui. Genetic variation analysis of lodging resistance-related traits in a wheat recombinant inbred line population and screening of germplasm with strong-stem and high-yield[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(4): 1-10.

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