【Objective】Identify the phenotypic traits of different types of barley germplasm resources，to provide basis for breeding practice.【Methods】The diversity of 8 qualitative traits including seedling habits，leaf posture，plant type，ridge type，awn type，awniness，naked/cover and grain color of 99 barley germplasm resources were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Using descriptive statistics，correlation analysis，cluster analysis，and principal component analysis，10 quantitative traits including plant height，growth period，tiller number，main spike length，main spike grain number，main spike grain weight，spike number per plant，grain number per plant，grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed.【Results】 There were abundant variations in the 8 qualitative traits. The variation range of 10 quantitative traits was 9.08%-43.16%，among which the variation coefficient of main spike grain number was the highest，and the variation coefficient of growth period was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant（P<0.05） or extremely significant（P<0.01）correlations among multiple traits of the 99 barley germplasm. The germplasm population was divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. The 15 accessions in theⅠcategory had the characteristics of high stem，long main spike and long growth period. The 56 accessions in the Ⅱ category had the characteristics of low stalk，high spike number per plant，high tiller number and long main spike. The 26 accessions in theⅢcategory had the characteristics of high main spike grain weight，high main spike grain number and low 1 000-grain weight. There were 2 accessions in the Ⅳ category，characterized by high grain number per plant，high grain weight per plant，low 1 000-grain weight. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 72.39%.【Conclusion】 There were abundant genetic variations in 18 phenotypic traits of 99 barley germplasm resources，which could be divided into 4 categories. Breeding selection could be based on group characteristics.

【Objective】To screen varieties of dryland spring maize suitable for planting in Shanxi Province.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021，four spring maize varieties with good growth and high yield were selected as experimental materials and tested at two test sites of Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County and Dongyang Town，Yuci District in Jinzhong City. Using single factor randomized block design，the agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，and dry matter accumulation of spring maize varieties were compared and the correlation analysis on yield and yield components were performed.【Results】At the test site in Chaoyang Town，Shouyang County，Dafeng 30 and Dika 159 had excellent agronomic traits，strong photosynthetic characteristics，high dry matter accumulation in leaves and panicles，and low dry matter accumulation in stems. The average yield increased by 3.59% and 1.70% compared to Taiyuan No. 9（CK），respectively. At the test site in Dongyang Town，Yuci District，the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of Dafeng 30 were significantly higher than those of Jindan 86 in the early growth stage，while there was no significant difference between the two in the later growth stage. Compared with Jinboshi 806（CK），the average yields of Dafeng 30 and Jindan 86 increased by 4.13% and 3.69%，respectively. The yield of spring maize was negatively correlated with bald tip length，but positively correlated with ear length，number of grains per ear，100-grain weight，and yield per plant.【Conclusion】Dafeng 30，Dika 159，and Jindan 86 were suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion planting in the dryland spring maize planting areas of Shanxi.

【Objective】Study the content level of nutrient elements in the potato-soil system，to screen featured potato products in plateau areas，and optimize potato quality.【Methods】The nutrient elements such as Se、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg、Sr、Mn、I and Cr in potatoes and the rhizosphere soil in the eastern part of Qinghai Province were investigated and analyzed. And the nutrient element level and the absorption pattern in potatoes and the soil environment were evaluated using characteristic parameters，enrichment coefficients and correlation analysis.【Results】In eastern Qinghai Province，the average soil Se content was 421.3 μg/kg，Cu was 27 mg/kg，Zn was 78 mg/kg，Fe was 45 900 mg/kg，Mg was 28.41 g/kg，Mn was 651 mg/kg，I was 2.6 mg/kg，Sr was 280 mg/kg and Cr was 81 mg/kg. Se，Sr，Mg and Cr were significantly enriched，and the study area was predicated to be selenium-rich，high-strontium，high-magnesium，and moderate-chromium soil. The average content of Se in potatoes was 10.6 μg/kg，Cu was 1.3 mg/kg，Zn was 2.8 mg/kg，Fe was 7.65 mg/kg，Mg was 0.24 g/kg，Mn was 1.1 mg/kg，I was 0.03 mg/kg，Sr was 1.0 mg/kg，and Cr was 0.05 mg/kg. The selenium-enrichment rate of potatoes was 18.8%. According to the enrichment coefficient strength of nutrient elements in potatoes，potatoes had the characteristics of favoring Cu and Zn，and repelling Cr and Fe. According to the correlation evaluation of elements in the soil-potato system，it was inferred that the sequence combination of Mg-Mn-Zn and Se-I existed in the elements uptake mechanisms of potatoes.【Conclusion】The eastern of Qinghai Province had unique natural resource advantages，had selenium-rich，high-strontium，high-magnesium，and moderate-chromium soil. Based on the elements uptake mechanisms of potatoes，selenium-rich and high-magnesium featured potatoes could be cultivated.

The leaf chlorophyll content of maize is used to characterize crop growth status，nitrogen nutrition and health status，and is an effective indicator for crop growth evaluation and production potential evaluation. The article summarized the vertical distribution research methods，vertical distribution characteristics，and causes of vertical distribution patterns of maize leaf chlorophyll content in different leaf positions，in order to provide theoretical support for exploring the research methods of maize leaf chlorophyll content vertical distribution.

【Objective】To explore the effects of continuous application of soil conditioner quicklime and organic fertilizer on the growth，development，and yield components of maize in acidic soil in the southeastern region of Liaoning.【Methods】From 2019 to 2021 field experiments were conducted in Fengcheng City，Liaoning Province. Four treatments were set up including no application of soil conditioner（CK），quicklime（CaO），organic fertilizer（Organic），and organic fertilizer+quicklime（Organic+CaO）. The effects of continuous application of soil conditioner on maize plant traits，dry matter accumulation，yield components，and other indicators were analyzed.【Results】From 2019 to 2021，the maize yield of CaO treatment were all higher than CK. The yield of Organic and Organic+CaO treatments were higher than CK in the first two years and were lower than the CK in the third year of continuous application. The yield increase of CaO treatment were in the range of 2.12% to 19.74%. The yield increase rates of Organic+CaO treatment were 15.74% and 7.89% in the first two years，respectively. But there was no yield increase effect in the third year of application. The year，soil conditioner，and their interaction had extremely significant effect（P<0.01） on maize yield. The yield of CaO and Organic+CaO treatments were significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK and the Organic treatments. The ear number of CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than CK. CaO and Organic+CaO treatments had significantly higher（P<0.05） kernel number per ear and kernel number per hectare than that of CK and Organic treatment. 1 000-kernel weight in Organic+CaO treatment was significantly higher（P<0.05） than all other treatments. Yield was significantly positively correlated（P<0.05） with kernel number per ear （R²=0.614） and kernel number per hectare （R²=0.746）. Continuous application of soil conditioner could improve plant height，ear height，and the ratio of ear height to plant height of maize. And the effect on ear height was more than the effect on plant height. Leaf area index （LAI） increased rapidly in early growth stages and decreased slowly in later growth stages. The effects were more obvious for Organic+CaO and Organic treatments. Applying soil conditioner promoted the dry matter accumulation and post floral dry matter accumulation of all the growth stages. The effect of Organic+CaO treatment was better than that of Organic and CaO treatments.【Conclusion】Continuous application of CaO and Organic+CaO on acidic soil promoted the maize growth and development. However，from the yield prospective，when using Organic+CaO as soil conditioner in the southeastern region of Liaoning，continuous application for more than two years should be avoided.

【Objective】To explore the optimal fertilization method and dosage for millet production in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In Harqin Banner，Chifeng City，using Jinmiao K1 as the experimental material，a total of 14 treatment levels of 4 fertilization methods were set up，including nitrogen and potassium topdressing（A），increased potassium fertilizer application（B），partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer（C），and delayed fertilizer application（D）. The yield and yield traits such as fresh weight per plant，dry weight per plant，ear diameter，ear length，single ear weight，and grain weight of millet under different treatments were compared. The principal component analysis was used to evaluate the optimal fertilization method and dosage.【Results】The yields of millet under different treatments were 3 745.7-8 236.8 kg/hm² with a coefficient of variation of 20.49%. Yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with single ear weight，grain weight and ear diameter（P<0.01）. The first two extracted principal components covered 83.074% information of millet yield and yield traits. Comprehensive comparative analysis showed that nitrogen and potassium topdressing was beneficial to yield increase and yield traits improvement of millet. Two better treatments under this fertilization method were application of 375 kg/hm² triple compound fertilizer at seeding time，and watering application of 225.0 kg/hm²（A5） and 112.5 kg/hm²（A2）nitrogen and potassium fertilizer at flowering time.Increased potassium fertilizer application was beneficial to the yield increase of millet，but the performance of yield traits were poor. The optimal treatment under this fertilization method was application of 375 kg/hm² triple compound fertilizer and 225.0 kg/hm² of increased potassium sulfate（B3） at seeding time.Partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer performed well in improving biological yield，but the level of grain yield was low. Under this fertilization method，the best treatment was application of 450 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer and 300 kg/hm² of bacterial fertilizer（C1）. Delayed fertilizer application had poor performance in both millet yield and yield traits.【Conclusion】Under nitrogen and potassium topdressing，applying 375 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer during seeding time，and watering application of 225.0 kg/hm²（A5） and 112.5 kg/hm²（A2） nitrogen and potassium fertilizer at flowering stage，were suitable for promotion and application in millet production in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia. In partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer，applying 450 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer and 300 kg/hm² of bacterial fertilizer（C1） was suitable for millet production with the main goal of harvesting biomass in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To explore the impact of drip irrigation on water use and yield of quinoa in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia to clarify the differences in water temporal and spatial distribution characteristics in the field and yield changes of quinoa under different drip irrigation treatments.【Methods】In Wuchuan Dry Farming Experimental Station of Inner Mongolia，six treatments were set up for the quinoa field drip irrigation experiment：irrigation during seedling and branching stages（W1），irrigation during seedling and earing stages（W2），irrigation during seedling and filling stages（W3），irrigation during seedling，branching，and earing stages（W4），irrigation during seedling，branching，and filling stages（W5），and irrigation during seedling，earing，and filling stages（W6）. The soil moisture status of 0-100 cm soil layers，as well as the changes in dry matter accumulation and grain yield of quinoa under different treatments were compared and analyzed.【Results】Throughout the whole growth period of quinoa，the soil moisture content in the 0-100 cm soil layers of all the treatments showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of soil depth. And the soil moisture content in the 40-70 cm soil layers had significant changes among the different drip irrigation treatments. The dry matter accumulation of quinoa in all the drip irrigation treatments showed an upward trend with the progress of growth periods，among which the dry matter accumulation of quinoa in W5 treatment was significantly higher than that in other irrigation treatments. The grain yield and water use efficiency of W5 treatment were the highest，at 2 225.56 kg/hm² and 6.49 kg/（mm·hm²），respectively.【Conclusion】At the north foot of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia，drip irrigation at the seedling stage（450 m³/hm²），branching stage（450 m³/hm²），and filling stage（450 m³/hm²） had the best yield and water use efficiency of quinoa，could be used as a water-saving，high-yield，and high-efficiency drip irrigation regime for quinoa in the area.

【Objective】Clarify the indoor toxicity and field control efficacy of common nematicides on Ditylenchus destructor Thorne，to screen for pesticides with high contact-killing activity.【Methods】Direct contact killing method was used to determine the indoor toxicity of five chemical agents on the adult and larvae of Ditylenchus destructor Thorne. And field control efficacy of the five chemical agents and three microecological preparations was measured.【Results】After diluting for 100 times and applied for 72 hours，the toxicity of 10% thiazophos granules to the adults and larvae of Ditylenchus destructor Thorne was the highest，with LC₅₀ of 2.201 and 2.182 mg/L，respectively，followed by 41.7% fluoropyram suspension，with LC₅₀ of 2.999 and 2.952 mg/L，respectively.Among the 5 chemical agents，20% thiazophos aqueous emulsion had the best control efficacy of 89.49%，while 41.7% fluoropyram suspension had the highest yield increase rate of 14.57%. Among the three microecological preparations，Bacillus TB918 liquid bacterial preparation had the best control efficacy of 48.20%，and the highest yield increase rate of 5.51%.【Conclusion】The corrected mortality rate of the 5 chemical agents on Ditylenchus destructor Thorne increased with the increase of the chemical concentration and application time. 20% thiazophos aqueous emulsion had the best field control efficacy against Ditylenchus destructor Thorne among the chemical agents，while the Bacillus TB918 liquid bacterial preparation had the highest field control efficacy among the microecological preparations.

【Objective】To clarify the effects of different hosts on the growth，development，and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda.【Methods】Using indoor feeding observation methods，the growth，development，and pupation of the 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda after feeding on 23 representative crops such as Zea mays，Triticum aestivum，and Solanum lycopersicum and 8 common weeds such as Eleusin indica，Portulaca oleracea，and Cyperus rotundus in corn fields were compared and analyzed. 7 plants with higher fitness were selected as the testing hosts to compare the growth，development，and reproduction of the S. frugiperda.【Results】The 3rd instar larvae fed on 16 plants including Triticum aestivum，Dioscorea esculenta，and Solanum lycopersicum，could complete the growth and development of the larval stage and successfully pupate. Dioscorea esculenta，Solanum lycopersicum，Eleusin indica，Helianthus annuus，Ziziphus jujube and Actinidia chinensis were the higher fitness hosts for feeding and growth except Zea mays. Among them，the larval stage of the S. frugiperda feeding on Actinidia chinensis leaves was the longest at 19.30 d，while the shortest was feeding on Helianthus annuus leaves at 12.65 d. The larvae feeding on Zea mays leaves had the pupal weight of 170.53 mg，significantly higher than the other six host plants（P<0.05），as well as the shortest pupa stage（9.25 d） and the highest emergence rate（83.33%）. The indexes of the S. frugiperda larvae feeding on Dioscorea esculenta leaves were the closest to the ones feeding on Zea mays leaves，with the pupa weight of 146.15 mg，the pupa stage of 11.55 d，and the emergence rate of 58.33%. The egg number per female of S. frugiperda fed on Zea mays leaves was 1 030，significantly higher than that of the other six host plants（P<0.05），followed by the one feeding on Dioscorea esculenta leaves at 892.【Conclusion】S. frugiperda preferred Zea mays for feeding and oviposition，but could achieve population reproduction on host plants such as Dioscorea esculenta，Solanum lycopersicum，Eleusin indica，Helianthus annuus，Ziziphus jujube and Actinidia chinensis. Risk of diversion to other crops existed when the population density was high.

Chenopodium quinoa is highly favored by consumers due to its exceptional nutritional value and health functions，with planting area gradually increasing. During the planting process，the occurrence of diseases seriously affected the yield and quality，among which fungal and oomycete diseases were major factors limiting the yield of Chenopodium quinoa. The article reviewed the causes，symptoms，occurrence patterns，and prevention and control techniques of Chenopodium quinoa fungal and oomycete diseases，in order to provide guidance for the prevention and control of fungal and oomycete diseases in Chenopodium quinoa production.

【Objective】Compare the application of DTOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method in comprehensive evaluation of new spring rapeseed varieties，to provide references for the breeding of new spring rapeseed varieties.【Methods】Using the entropy weight DTOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method，comprehensive evaluation was conducted on 11 traits of 9 varieties in the 2021 Shaanxi Province spring rapeseed regional trial. The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods in evaluation ability were compared and analyzed.【Results】The use of entropy weight avoided the subjectivity of evaluation results. DTOPSIS method and gray correlation analysis method comprehensively evaluated multiple traits of rapeseed，avoided the unicity of evaluation criteria.When each trait index was given the same entropy weight，the sorting results of DTOPSIS method and gray correlation analysis method were basically the same，but the biggest difference of C_i value in DTOPSIS method was 81.23%，and the biggest difference of G_i value in gray correlation analysis method was only 41.71%. Compared with the ranking trend line based on yield only，the trend lines of gray correlation analysis method G_i value ranking and DTOPSIS method C_i value ranking were more consistent. The results of correlation analysis showed that DTOPSIS method C_i value ranking was significantly positively correlated with the gray correlation analysis method G_i value ranking，but not significantly correlated with the ranking based on yield.【Conclusion】Both DTOPSIS method and gray correlation analysis method could comprehensively and objectively evaluate new spring rapeseed varieties. However，using DTOPSIS method to evaluate the differences between varieties was more comprehensive and the evaluation effect was better than the gray correlation analysis method.

Corn silk is the dried filaments and stigmas of female flowers of Gramineae plant maize. It contains various functional components such as flavonoids，polysaccharides，saponins，sterols，and organic acids. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine，corn silk is often used to treat diseases such as edema，cystitis，gout，kidney stones，nephritis，and prostatitis. This article reviewed the bioactive components，efficacy，and extraction methods of active ingredients of corn silk，and prospected the basic and applied research on the bioactive components of corn silk，in order to provide references for further in-depth research and related product development in the field.

【Objective】Identify the age of Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera and explore the growth changes to gather basic biological data for Triplophysa，and provide references for the protection of fishery resources in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.【Methods】Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera samples were selected from different fishing stations in Qinghai Province and Gansu Province in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Otolith materials were used to identify the age. Von Bertalanffy GF（VBGF），Logistic GF，Gompertz GF and Power exponential GF were used to simulate the full-length growth of Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the model parameters.The fitting effect of the models was evaluated by calculating and comparing the AIC value of each model to determine the growth model suitable for Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera.【Results】The Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera samples were separated into 4 age groups ranging from 2 to 5 years，with the 3-year group having the most amount，accounting for 54.88%. The full-length of the samples ranged from 6.19 to 13.76 cm，and the body weight ranged from 1.58 to 19.12 g. The fitting results of the four Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera growth models showed that the Logistic GF growth model had the lowest AIC value（-86.66）and best fitting effect，followed by Gompertz GF（-86.52）and VBGF（-86.31）growth model. Power exponential GF growth model had the highest AIC value（-82.51） and the worst fitting effect. The Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera growth model Logistic GF equation was $ L_{t}=\frac{14.585}{\left[1+\mathrm{e}^{0.568\left(t_{i}-1.948\right)}\right]}$.【Conclusion】Logistic GF was the most suitable growth model for Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.

【Objective】Mining domestic satellite image data information to rapidly and accurately obtain the types of crop planting structures，to provide references for optimizing agricultural production layout.【Methods】 The random forest algorithm model was used in combination with sample data to analyze the importance of spectral features，vegetation index features，and texture features of the images. The optimal feature combinations based on GF-6 images were acquired by evaluating classification accuracy. The selected features were then used in object-oriented classification research（with smoothness of 0.5 and compactness of 0.3 as parameters and 10 as steps，setting a total of 11 different segmentation scales ranging from 40 to 140），to obtain the spatial distribution of the main crop planting structure in the research area.【Results】The GVI，EVI，Nir，GI，GNDVI，and Green features obtained by feature optimization method could effectively reduce data redundancy in crop classification and improve classification efficiency. Among the 11 segmentation scales set in the research area farmland，the optimal segmentation scale was 100. The segmentation results retained the integrity of the plot and reflected the heterogeneity of different crop types. The classification accuracy based on object-oriented classification method reached 96.2%，with a Kappa coefficient of 0.944，which was 5.3 percentage points higher than pixel based classification accuracy.【Conclusion】Using domestically produced GF-6 images as the data source and employing the feature optimization object-oriented classification method could effectively improve classification accuracy and serve as an effective means for crop planting structure monitoring.

【Objective】To grasp the research progress on crop pests and diseases identification.【Methods】Using the literature on crop pests and diseases identification from Web of Science（WOS） and China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）databases as data sources，statistical analysis and bibliometric methods were used to analyze the research situation in the field of crop pests and diseases identification during 2000 to 2022 from the perspectives of literature publication volume，publication country，publication institution，research scholars，and research hotspots.【Results】2 214 English literature related to crop pests and diseases identification were retrieved. Since 2014，the publication volume increased continuously. The publication volume during 2014 to 2022 accounted for 85.0% of the total publication volume. 2 390 Chinese literature were retrieved，with a steady increase in publication volume from 2000 to 2012. After 2013，despite large fluctuations，there was an overall upward trend.China and the United States accounted for 41.3% of the total publication volume on crop pests and diseases identification research.In terms of collaboration and communication，China had close research collaboration with the United States and some Asian and European countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences（90 publications） had the highest English literature publication volume，while the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center（47 publications）had the highest Chinese literature publication volume.HUANG Wenjiang had significant research results both domestically and internationally（45 publications）. The main international research hotspots in the field of crop pests and diseases identification were the establishment of identification models and data acquisition.Domestic research hotspots underwent a transformation from manual recognition through expert systems to model optimization.【Conclusion】The current research momentum on crop pests and diseases identification domestically and internationally are still strong，with different research focuses.Intentionally，the research systems in model optimization and data acquisition methods are relatively mature. But there are still huge developmental potentials that can be excavated. Domestically，the research on intelligent recognition started relatively late but developed rapidly. In the future，the application of deep learning new algorithms may become a new research hotspot in the field of crop pets and diseases identification.