【Objective】Conduct genetic analysis of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems at the molecular level，to provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement of the main nutritional quality traits of maize stems.【Methods】The study used 381 different types of maize inbred lines as associated populations and planted randomly in the experimental field of the Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Henan Province in 2016 and 2017. The nutritional quality traits acid washing fiber（ADF），neutral washing fiber（NDF），and digestibility（IVDMD） were investigated during the heading，filling，and maturity stages. Using the Maize SNP50 gene chip，461 053 high-quality SNPs were obtained for genome-wide association analysis.【Results】Using the generalized linear model（GLM） analysis，a total of 392 significantly correlated stem nutritional quality traits SNPs（P<1.08×10^-7） were detected on 10 chromosomes of maize during different growth stages of the two years，with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.69% -17.34%. 97 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 77 candidate genes associated with stem nutritional quality traits. Using the mixed linear model（MLM）analysis，a total of 257 significantly correlated SNPs were detected over the two years（P<2.17×10^-6），with phenotypic variation interpretation rates of 9.82% -20.20%. 17 SNPs were found to be independently associated more than twice，resulting in a total of 82 candidate genes. Among them，10 overlap with GLM model candidate genes. A total of 159 candidate association genes were identified by GLM and MLM，among which 43 candidate genes were detected twice or more. Zm00001d021261 was found to be associated with ADF，NDF，and IVDMD in different years 31 times at multiple loci. This gene encoded ATP binding protein and chloroplast sensor kinase，had the highest expression in leaves at maturity stage. Zm00001d021255 was found to be associated with stem nutritional quality traits 10 times at two loci. This gene encoded cysteine rich receptor like protein kinase 25，which was only expressed in developmental internodes and female panicles，can be further studied and validated.【Conclusion】Using GLM and MLM models could quickly and effectively associate significant loci related to maize stem nutrient quality. HC-SNP could be screened through repetitive significant loci，and then associated gene enrichment regions could be excavated.

Plant height is an important indicator of the ideal plant type of maize and closely related to yield. It affects plant photosynthetic utilization，lodging resistance，harvest index，etc. By altering cell division and elongation，phytohormones change the length and quantity of maize internodes，modifying maize plant height to achieve the effect of dwarfing crops. This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the mapping and cloning of QTL/genes that control maize plant height and the formation of dwarf mutants under the regulation of hormones（GA₃，IAA，BR），in order to provide references for the production and application of maize breeding.

【Objective】 Study the effects of AM fungi and nitrogen addition on the root infection rate and photosynthetic characteristics of sorghum，to screen for the optimal amount of biological and nitrogen fertilizer.【Methods】Using pot experiment，6 treatments were set up including 0，150，and 300 kg/hm² three nitrogen levels（N0，N1 and N2） and two AM fungal treatments（inoculation GM and non-inculation NGM）. Sorghum root infection status and photosynthetic indexes at filling stage were investigated.【Results】AM fungi and nitrogen treatments had significant interactions（P<0.05） on sorghum root infection rate，leaf stomatal conductance，and leaf transpiration rate. Compared with the non-inoculation treatment，the sorghum leaf chlorophyll contents of inoculated N0，N1，and N2 levels increased by 10.80%，8.29%，and 8.78%（P<0.05），respectively，and the net assimilation rate increased by 8.86%，9.47%，and 4.03% （P<0.05），respectively. The sorghum leaf transpiration rates of N0 and N1 levels increased by 24.85% and 16.14%，respectively（P<0.05）. Under the inoculation treatment，compared with N0 level，the sorghum root infection rates under N1 and N2 levels decreased by 35.38% and 30.77%，respectively（P<0.05），and the leaf stomatal conductance decreased by 15.96% and 19.54%，respectively（P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that AM fungi addition resulted in significant positive correlation of sorghum root infection rate with leaf chlorophyll content，stomatal conductance，net assimilation rate，and transpiration rate（P<0.05）.【Conclusion】AM fungi inoculation and 150 kg/hm² of nitrogen fertilizer addition were the best treatments to reduce root infection rate and improve the photosynthetic characteristics of sorghum.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of drought on the growth，yield of different potato varieties and evaluate their drought resistance.【Methods】Plant height，stem diameter，leaf area index，chlorophyll content（SPAD value），dry matter accumulation，root-shoot ratio and yield were measured for 8 potato varieties treated with normal irrigation and drought stress. Using principal component analysis and membership function method，the comprehensive drought resistance measure（D） was calculated. The drought resistance of different potato varieties were then comprehensively evaluated.【Results】Under drought stress，the plant height，stem diameter，leaf area index and yield of the different potato varieties were all lower than those of normal irrigation treatment，while SPAD values were higher. The indexes of Dafeng No. 10 and Xisen No. 6 had no significant differences with normal irrigation treatment or small decreases，while the indexes of Luyin No.1，Dafeng No. 9 and Jizhangshu No. 12 were significantly lower than those of normal irrigation treatment. Different varieties had clear differences in the indexes. Xisen No. 6 had the best plant height and stem diameter of 64.20 cm and 12.63 mm，respectively. Luyin No. 1 had the lowest plant height of 49.53 cm. Jizhangshu No. 12 had the smallest stem diameter of 10.13 mm. Huasong No. 7 had the highest SPAD value of 53.03，while Jizhangshu No. 12 had the lowest at 39.73. Dafeng No. 10 performed best in leaf area index，dry matter accumulation，root-shoot ratio and yield of 1.88，170.80 g/plant，0.12，and 34 750 kg/hm²，respectively. Jizhangshu No. 12 had the worst leaf area index，root-shoot ratio and yield of 0.94，0.08，and 18 750 kg/hm². At 121.78 g/plant，Dafeng No. 9 had the lowest dry matter accumulation. Dafeng No. 10 and Xisen No. 6 had high drought resistance indexes of 0.986 and 0.756，respectively. Two principal components were obtained through principal component analysis：the first contributed 57.807% and the eigenvalue was 5.203，and the second contributed 20.281% and the eigenvalue was 1.825. Under drought stress，the comprehensive drought resistance measure of Dafeng No. 10 was the largest，1.000.【Conclusion】Based on the growth，yield，and the comprehensive drought resistance measure of different potato varieties，Dafeng No. 10 showed strong drought resistance.

【Objective】To screen excellent millet varieties suitable for planting in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using 8 millet varieties as research objects and split plot experiment design，two treatments of pre-seedling supplementary irrigation and water deficit were set up. The growth characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of millet varieties were compared and analyzed by principal component analysis.【Results】Pre-seedling supplemental irrigation significantly affected the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of millet varieties. Compared with water deficit treatment，Jinmiao K1 had the highest （6.56%） seedling emergence rate，followed by Zhangzagu No. 13（4.44%）；Jinmiao K1 and Zhangzagu No. 13 had better plant height performance，at 30.5 cm and 30.3 cm，respectively，increased by 15.21% and 6.27% and were significantly different from other varieties（P<0.05）；Zhangzagu No. 13 had better stem diameter and dry matter accumulation at 5.45 mm and 0.598 g，respectively，increased by 12.60% and 5.65%，and were significantly different from other varieties（P<0.05），followed by Jinmiao K1，which increased by 16.56% and 4.98%，respectively. Under the water deficit treatment，the leaf area index of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 were less affected by drought at 0.94 and 0.83，respectively；the relative chlorophyll content of Zhangzagu No. 13 was the highest at 51.18. The stomatal conductance of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 was better under both treatments，significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05），4.45% and 4.36% higher under pre-seedling supplemental irrigation treatment than water deficit treatment，respectively. The net photosynthetic rates of Jigu 168 and Jinmiao K1 were significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05）. Under water deficit treatment，Zhangzagu No. 13 had the best net photosynthetic rate at 33.18 μmol/（m²·s），which was 1.99% lower than that of pre-seedling supplementary irrigation. The transpiration rates of Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 were better and significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05），4.39% and 3.79% higher under pre-seedling supplemental irrigation treatment than water deficit treatment，respectively. Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 had better water use efficiency under both treatments. Water deficit led to an increase in leaf photosynthetic water use efficiency，the two varieties increased by 11% and 7%，respectively.【Conclusion】Zhangzagu No. 13 and Jinmiao K1 could be promoted as the dominant varieties of millet for drought resistance and seedling protection in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】Evaluate the indoor toxicity and field control efficacy of 4 plant derived pesticides on Uroleucon gobonis to screen for pesticides with better control effect.【Methods】Using 50% pymetrozine WG as control agent，the indoor toxicity of 4 plant derived pesticides，0.6% matrine AS，1.5% pyrethroid EW，6.0% rotenone ME，and Pinellia ternata ethanol extract to Uroleucon gobonis was determined by leaf impregnation method. The field control efficacy was determined by leaf spray.【Results】3 d after treatment，the LC₅₀ of 0.6% matrine AS，1.5% pyrethroid EW，6.0% rotenone ME，and Pinellia ternata ethanol extract were 0.016，6.653，9.173，and 30.931 mg/L，respectively. While the LC₅₀ of control agent 50% pymetrozine WG was 24.786 mg/L. The toxicity of 0.6% matrine AS，1.5% pyrethroid EW，and 6.0% rotenone ME were significantly higher （P<0.05） than the control. After 1 d and 7 d treatment，the field control efficacy of 0.6% matrine AS 400 times diluted solution was 76.81% and 96.39%，respectively，indicating rapid and sustained efficacy. The field control efficacy of 1.5% pyrethroid EW 150 times diluted solution and 6.0% rotenone ME 500 times diluted solution 7 d after treatment was 88.84% and 88.37%，similar to the 87.29% filed control efficacy of the control agent 50% pirimid WG 750 times diluted solution.【Conclusion】0.6% matrine AS could be used for the prevention and control of Uroleucon gobonis in the peak infection period，while 1.5% pyrethroid EW and 6.0% rotenone ME could be used in the subsequent period. All three plant derived pesticides could be promoted and applied in the prevention and control of Uroleucon gobonis.

【Objective】Clarify the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality and screen for excellent varieties of taste type tomatoes，to provide references for constructing quality evaluation systems of taste type tomatoes.【Methods】Using 17 taste type tomato varieties as experiment materials，10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality were tested. Factor analysis，stepwise regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to screen for the representative indexes for evaluating fruit quality. The quality of taste type tomatoes were then comprehensively evaluated.【Results】The variation of aromatic substance content was the largest among the 10 quantitative trait indexes related to quality，with a variation coefficient of 66.49%. With a variation coefficient of 9.56%，the variation of fruit vertical diameter was the smallest. The comprehensive quality analysis of the 10 indexes obtained 3 common factors，with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 80.267%. The explanatory indexes were fruit soluble solids content，reducing sugar content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content，sugar-acid ratio and titratable acid content. According to the correlation between indexes，and the principle of easy to use and avoiding information overlap，four indexes of fruit soluble solids content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio were selected as the representative indexes to evaluate the quality traits of taste type tomatoes. Using common factor scores and variance contribution rates，the comprehensive quality ranking of the varieties were calculated，and 7 high-quality taste type tomato varieties were selected.【Conclusion】Fruit soluble solids content，single fruit weight，aromatic substance content and sugar-acid ratio could be used as representative indexes to evaluate taste type tomatoes. The quality traits of Hangfengaotang，700，1933，Meidai，2001，Tianlian and Jingfan No.1 were better.

【Objective】Study the relevant nutrients of tomato sensory quality evaluation to establish a simple model for the determination of tomato sensory quality.【Methods】19 tomato varieties were tested for 8 nutrients，and 5 sensory evaluation indexes were investigated by questionnaires. Correlation analysis，principal component analysis （PCA） and regression analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation.【Results】Except zinc，7 of the 8 nutrients had correlation coefficients greater than 0.300 with sensory quality. The correlation coefficients between soluble solid and score，vote，taste，aroma intensity，pulp texture，and juice abundance in both large and cherry tomatoes were greater than 0.400，and the correlations were stable and prominent. Soluble sugar was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with score，vote，taste and aroma intensity in large tomatoes，while the correlation were not obvious in cherry tomatoes. Water content was negatively correlated with score，vote，and juice abundance in both large and cherry tomatoes. Principal component analysis summarized the 11 evaluation indicators into 3 principal components，with an accumulated variance contribution rate of 74.939%. A simple model was obtained through multivariate linear regression analysis：tomato sensory quality predicted score =93.039-0.304 × vitamin C content -0.179 × lycopene content -0.621 × iron content +2.314 × soluble solid content -1.585 × titratable acid content.【Conclusion】A rapid，simple and quantitative determination model of tomato sensory quality based on nutrients was established.

【Objective】Optimize the extraction process of mistletoe polysaccharide and investigate its antioxidant activities，to provide references for the extraction and utilization of mistletoe polysaccharide.【Methods】Using polysaccharide yield as the evaluation index and single factor experiment method to analyse the effect of solid-liquid ratio，ultrasonic time，ultrasonic temperature and ultrasonic power on the polysaccharide yield of mistletoe. The response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the extraction process of mistletoe polysaccharide. Additionally the scavenging abilities of mistletoe polysaccharide on DPPH free radicals，and ABTS free radicals as well as the total reducing power of trivalent iron ions were tested.【Results】Under different factor levels，the solid-liquid ratio of 1∶30（g∶mL），ultrasonic temperature of 70 ℃，ultrasonic time of 20 min，and ultrasonic power of 300 W had the highest yield of mistletoe polysaccharide at 3.85%，5.59%，8.60%，and 5.86%，respectively. The effects on the yield of mistletoe polysaccharide were as follows：ultrasonic temperature>ultrasonic time>ultrasonic power>solid-liquid ratio. After optimized with response surface methodology the highest yield of mistletoe polysaccharide of 8.17% was obtained with solid-liquid ratio of 1∶29（g∶mL），ultrasonic time of 15 min，ultrasonic temperature of 64 ℃，and ultrasonic power of 300 W. The scavenging abilities of 2 mg/mL polysaccharide solution on DPPH and ABTS free radicals were 79.07% and 51.38%，with IC₅₀ 0.612 and 2.611 mg/mL，respectively. The total reducing power of trivalent iron ions was 0.33.【Conclusion】The optimal conditions for the extraction of mistletoe polysaccharides were：solid-liquid ratio of 1∶29（g∶mL），ultrasonic time of 15 min，ultrasonic temperature of 64 ℃，ultrasonic power of 300 W. Mistletoe polysaccharides had scavenging effects on DPPH free radicals，ABTS free radicals and reducing effects on trivalent iron ions.

Using traditional detection technology to meet the requirements of rapid，non-destructive，and effective seed quality detection is challenging. As science and technology advance，spectral imaging technology in conjunction with chemometric methods is now able to get both the spectral and image information of the analyte，offering the benefits of speed，non-destructiveness，and high efficiency. The method is currently applied to all aspects of seed quality detection technology. This paper introduced the theory of spectral imaging technology，summarized the status of maize seeds，the method of spectral data preprocessing，the method of extracting the characteristic wavelength of spectral data，the modeling analysis method and the model evaluation index in the detection process of spectral imaging technology. It also reviewed the research progress of spectral imaging technology in detecting maize seed vitality，moisture，disease，quality and origin. In the end，considering the problems of low data processing efficiency and low model accuracy in the quality detection of maize seeds using spectral imaging technology，the development trend of spectral imaging technology was prospected from the perspectives of research systematization and fusion of new algorithms，in order to provide references for non-destructive testing of maize seeds.

【Objective】To construct and optimize BP neural network mango maturity discrimination model based on genetic algorithm.【Methods】Using Xiaotai Mango as the experimental material，the firmness and sugar content of mangoes with different maturity levels were measured，and RGB images captured. The correlation between mango maturity and mango firmness，sugar content，and image feature variables（R，G，B，H，S，V components） were analyzed. BP neural network mango maturity discrimination model was constructed and optimized using optimal network weights and thresholds obtained by genetic algorithm.【Results】With the increase of mango maturity，sugar content showed clear increasing trend，while firmness showed decreasing trend. Image feature variables （R，G，B，H，S components） had significant differences （P<0.05） at different maturity stages. The BP neural network mango maturity discrimination model optimized by genetic algorithm had an classification accuracy of 96.3%.【Conclusion】The BP neural network mango maturity discrimination model optimized by genetic algorithm could accurately identify mangoes with different maturity levels.

【Objective】Select deep learning cherry tomato fruit recognition models to achieve rapid and accurate detection of greenhouse cherry tomato fruits.【Methods】The training data set was constructed by collecting the cherry tomato fruit samples and annotating the data. YOLOv4 and YOLO v4-Tiny algorithms were used for model training. The precision，recall，mean average precision and comprehensive evaluation index F1 value of the trained models were analyzed.【Results】The precision of cherry tomato fruit recognition prediction was 100% and 96.84% for the trained YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-Tiny models，the recall rates were 91.12% and 90.53%，average precision was 96.32% and 94.18%，and the comprehensive evaluation index F1 values were 0.95 and 0.94，respectively.【Conclusion】YOLOv4 algorithm model was obviously better than YOLOv4-Tiny，could achieve accurate cherry tomato fruit recognition.

【Objective】Clarify the research hotspots and development trends in the field of saline soil improvement domestically and internationally since the 21st century，to provide references for in-depth research on saline soil improvement.【Methods】Using the core collection of Web of Science （WOS） and CNKI databases as search objects，Excel 2007 software for drawing and CiteSpace software for knowledge graph analysis，the relevant literature was quantitatively and visually analyzed from five perspectives：annual publication volume，authors，publication institutions，keywords time co-occurrence analysis，and burst words analysis.【Results】The trend of domestic and international literature publication volume were：from 2003 to 2009 in slow growth stage，from 2010 to 2016 in fluctuating （significant） growth stage，and in rapid growth stage from 2017 to 2023. The main authors were YANG Jinsong，ZHAO Lanpo，YAO Rongjiang，SUN Zhaojun，WANG Quanjiu，KANG Yaohu，WAN Shuqin，QADIR M，GHEYI H R，MURTAZA G，et al. The main research institutions were Chinese Academy of Sciences，Egyptian Knowledge Bank，Indian Council of Agricultural Research，Spanish National Research Council，and U. S. Department of Agriculture. In terms of keywords analysis，the research hotspots were water and salt transport and the regulation mechanism，research on plant salt tolerance，the application of chemical amendments，green reduction of saline-alkali obstruction，and the biological and microbial remediation of saline-alkali obstruction. The main burst words were biochar，wet front，microbial community，plant biostimulant（PBs），plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR），and salt-tolerant soil bacteria.【Conclusion】Currently，domestic and international research on saline soil improvement has entered the stage of rapid development. China and the United States were the global leaders. India and Australia were gradually strengthening their research capabilities. Domestic and international research were mainly focused on soil carbon sequestration，biochar，microbial community，antioxidant enzymes，Phosphate utilization，salt-tolerant soil bacteria，etc.，as well as soil nutrient movement，salt obstruction reduction，chemical amendments，microbial remediation and so on. In the future，salinization driving mechanism，plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria，microbial remediation of saline obstruction，and collaborative monitoring and analysis of big data technology may become research hotspots.