家畜消化道菌群的分子生物学研究方法

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2020.03.002

畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 6-10.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2020.03.002

家畜消化道菌群的分子生物学研究方法

苏少锋^{1, 2}, 吴青海¹, 其布日¹, 高娃¹, 赵俊利¹, 刘红葵¹, 王蕴华¹, 呼和¹

1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031;
2.内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期:2020-04-02 出版日期:2020-05-30 发布日期:2020-06-17
通讯作者: 呼和（1962—）,男,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为微生物生物技术。
作者简介:苏少锋（1984—）,男,助理研究员,博士,主要研究方向为肠道微生物生物技术。
基金资助:
国家公益性（农业）科研专项“北方作物秸秆饲用化利用技术研究与示范”项目（201503134）；内蒙古自治区农牧业青年创新基金项目（2019QNJJM04）；内蒙古科技创新基金项目（2011CXJJM01-3）。

Molecular Biological Research Methods of Digestive Tract Microflora in Livestock

SU Shao-feng^{1, 2}, WU Qing-hai¹, Qiburi¹, Gaowa¹, ZHAO Jun-li¹, LIU Hong-kui¹, WANG Yun-hua¹, Huhe¹

1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
2.College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China

Received:2020-04-02 Online:2020-05-30 Published:2020-06-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 消化道菌群多样性对于维持家畜机体健康起着至关重要的作用,因此,对家畜消化道中定植菌群的种类和功能进行分析就显得尤为关键。由于所有动物的消化道是厌氧环境,所以在体外的好氧环境中,有些菌种不易培养,而这些菌种信息的缺失,会导致消化道优势菌群的分析结果出现偏差。借助一些广泛应用的分子生物学研究方法,可以避免这种情况的发生。这些方法主要是测序法和定性定量分析法。测序法包括指纹图谱法和高通量测序法,定性定量分析法包括荧光原位杂交法和实时荧光定量PCR法。这些方法均基于分子生物学水平,可避免菌体培养步骤,直接分析消化道菌群的组成和功能。综述了上述方法的原理以及各自的优点和缺点,并对它们在动物消化道菌群多样性分析中的应用进行了讨论,以期为研究动物消化道微生物时不同分子生物学方法的选择和联合使用提供参考。

关键词: 家畜, 消化道菌群, 测序法, 定性定量分析法, 分子生物学

Abstract: Due to the vital impacts of digestive tract microflora diversity on livestock health, it is particularly important to reveal the composition and function of the colonized microflora. However, the in vitro culture under the aerobic environment of some certain bacterial species which are colonized in the anaerobic environment of animals′ digestive tract is restricted. This results in deviations in analysis of dominant microflora in the digestive tract due to information missing. Some molecular biological methods are helpful to avoid this situation. These methods include sequencing methods as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, among which sequencing methods include fingerprint and high-throughput sequencing methods, and qualitative and quantitative analysis methods include fluorescent in situ hybridization and real-time quantitative PCR method. These methods are based on molecular biology level and can directly reveal the composition and function of the digestive tract microflora without the step of in vitro culture.This article describes the principles, advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and discusses their current applications in diversity analysis of animals′ digestive tract microflora. It provides a reference for the selection and combinative use of different molecular biological methods in digestive tract microflora analysis in livestock.

Key words: livestock, digestive tract microflora, sequencing methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis method, molecular biology

中图分类号:

苏少锋, 吴青海, 其布日, 高娃, 赵俊利, 刘红葵, 王蕴华, 呼和. 家畜消化道菌群的分子生物学研究方法[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2020, 41(3): 6-10.

SU Shao-feng, WU Qing-hai, Qiburi, Gaowa, ZHAO Jun-li, LIU Hong-kui, WANG Yun-hua, Huhe. Molecular Biological Research Methods of Digestive Tract Microflora in Livestock[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2020, 41(3): 6-10.

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家畜消化道菌群的分子生物学研究方法

Molecular Biological Research Methods of Digestive Tract Microflora in Livestock

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