不同品种牛乳营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成测定比较研究

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2022.05.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]比较中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛乳中常规营养成分含量、矿物质元素含量及脂肪酸含量和组成的差异。[方法]选取中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛各6头，每头奶牛收集200 mL生鲜乳样品，利用乳成分分析仪测定乳中常规营养成分含量，通过原子吸收分光光度计测定乳中矿物质元素含量，应用气相色谱仪测定乳中脂肪酸含量和组成。采用统计学方法对不同品种牛乳中的营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成进行比较。[结果]中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳脂含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛，乳蛋白含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛；中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳钙含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛，乳锌含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛。中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中豆蔻酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于荷斯坦奶牛，油酸和亚油酸含量显著（P<0.05）高于西门塔尔牛；中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中饱和脂肪酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于西门塔尔牛，不饱和脂肪酸含量显著（P<0.05）高于西门塔尔牛。[结论]中国荷斯坦奶牛乳中部分营养成分和矿物质元素含量接近或优于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛，脂肪酸含量和组成与荷斯坦奶牛相近，脂肪酸组成优于西门塔尔牛。

关键词: 牛乳, 营养成分, 矿物质元素, 脂肪酸

Abstract:

[Objective] The aim of this study was to characterize the differences in contents of conventional nutrients and mineral elements as well as in content and composition of fatty acid of raw milk from Chinese Holstein dairy cows, Holstein dairy cows and Simmental cows. [Method] Six individuals for each dairy cattle breed were selected, and the fresh milk samples totaling 200 mL were taken from each cattle. The conventional nutrient contents were determined using a milk composition analyzer, the mineral element contents were tested using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the content and composition of fatty acid were evaluated using a gas chromatograph. Statistical analysis was used to compare the nutrient contents as well as the content and composition of fatty acid of raw milk from dairy cattle of different breeds. [Result] The milk fat content of Chinese Holstein dairy cows was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of Holstein dairy cows, and the milk protein content was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of Holstein dairy cows and Simmental cows. The milk calcium content of Chinese Holstein dairy cows was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of Holstein dairy cows, and the milk zinc content was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of Holstein dairy cows and Simmental cows. The milk myristic acid content of Chinese Holstein dairy cows was significantly lower （P<0.05） than that of Holstein dairy cows, and the milk contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid were significantly （P<0.05） higher than those of Simmental cows. The milk content of saturated fatty acid of Chinese Holstein dairy cows was significantly （P<0.05） lower than that of Simmental cows, and the milk content of unsaturated fatty acid was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of Simmental cows. [Conclusion] The milk contents of some nutrients and mineral elements of Chinese Holstein dairy cows were comparable to or better than those of Holstein dairy cows and Simmental cows. Chinese Holstein dairy cows had similar milk fatty acid content and composition with Holstein dairy cows, and had superior milk fatty acid composition to Simmental cows.

Key words: milk, nutrients, mineral elements, fatty acid

中图分类号:

S879.1

刘兵. 不同品种牛乳营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成测定比较研究[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2022, 43(5): 93-97.

LIU Bing. Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Contents, Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Raw Milk from Dairy Cattle of Different Breeds[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2022, 43(5): 93-97.

图/表 3

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