鄱阳湖周边猪场废水中mcr基因及ESKAPE病原体的污染特征

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 探究鄱阳湖周边猪场废水中ESKAPE病原体与多黏菌素耐药基因mcr的污染特征。[方法] 采集鄱阳湖周边11个猪场的19份废水样品,利用宏基因组学技术测定ESKAPE病原体与mcr基因的相对丰度,并进行皮尔逊关联分析。[结果] 在19份废水样品共检出26种mcr基因及突变体,各样品中检出数量为8~19种;共检出铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、屎肠球菌共5种ESKAPE致病菌。对废水处理前后mcr基因的去除率进行比较可知,12种mcr基因在所有可计算去除率的猪场中均下降（去除率56.0%~100%）,另有12种基因（不含mcr-4.3、mcr-3.6）仅在部分猪场下降、部分猪场升高（升高率22.2%~8 500.0%）。铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均与mcr-2基因和mcr-3基因显著（P<0.05）正相关。[结论] 鄱阳湖周边猪场废水中存在ESKAPE病原体和mcr基因污染,革兰阴性ESKAPE病原体可能携带mcr基因,现有废水处理方法无法有效去除mcr基因,这增加了猪场废水的环境健康风险。研究结果可为加强鄱阳湖周边猪场粪污处理和提高养殖生态环境质量提供参考。

关键词: mcr基因, ESKAPE病原体, 耐药基因, 猪场废水, 鄱阳湖周边

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the contamination characteristics of ESKAPE pathogens and the mobilized colistin resistance gene （mcr gene） in pig farm wastewater surrounding Poyang Lake. [Methods] Nineteen wastewater samples were collected from 11 pig farms near Poyang Lake. Metagenomic sequencing technology was used to determine the relative abundance of ESKAPE pathogens and mcr genes, followed by Pearson correlation analysis. [Results] A total of 26 types of mcr genes and mutants were detected in the 19 wastewater samples, with 8 to 19 types detected per sample; five ESKAPE pathogens were detected, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus faecium. Comparing the removal rates of mcr genes before and after wastewater treatment showed that 12 types of mcr genes decreased in all farms where removal rates could be calculated （removal rates 56.0%-100%） and 12 other genes （excluding mcr-4.3 and mcr-3.6） decreased in some farms but increased in others （increase rates 22.2%-8,500.0%）. Both P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae showed a significant positive correlation with the mcr-2 and mcr-3 genes （P<0.05）. [Conclusion] ESKAPE pathogens and mcr gene contamination are present in pig farm wastewater surrounding Poyang Lake, and Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens may carry mcr genes. The existing wastewater treatment methods are insufficient to effectively remove mcr genes, thereby increasing the environmental health risks associated with pig farm wastewater. The findings provide a reference for strengthening manure management at pig farms near Poyang Lake and improving the quality of the farming ecological environment.

Key words: mcr gene, ESKAPE pathogens, resistance gene, pig farm wastewater, surrounding area of Poyang Lake

中图分类号:

S8521.2
X713

杨利利, 肖光明, 王忠, 王旺, 王立琦. 鄱阳湖周边猪场废水中mcr基因及ESKAPE病原体的污染特征[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2025, 46(5): 1-9.

YANG Lili, XIAO Guangming, WANG Zhong, WANG Wang, WANG Liqi. Contamination Characteristics of mcr Genes and ESKAPE Pathogens in Pig Farm Wastewater Surrounding Poyang Lake[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2025, 46(5): 1-9.

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