不同肥料对咸阳地区紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 探究施加不同种类的肥料对咸阳地区紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响,为当地紫花苜蓿高效栽培利用提供理论参考和实践依据。[方法] 以咸阳地区紫花苜蓿为试验材料,采用完全随机区组试验设计,设置4个处理：尿素（N≥46.4%,施用量为90 kg/hm²）、生物炭基肥（N-P₂O₅-K₂O含量为10%-13%-13%,C养分含量为20.0%,总养分≥36.0%,施用量为750 kg/hm²）、中药肥（N-P₂O₅-K₂O≥100 g/L,600倍液浇灌）,另设不施肥处理作为对照（CK）。每个处理设3次重复。通过系统测定各处理组紫花苜蓿的株高、地径、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）、叶片氮含量以及草产量等指标,综合分析不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响。[结果] 3种肥料处理均能显著（P<0.05）提升紫花苜蓿株高、地径、氮含量及鲜草产量,生物炭基肥和中药肥处理可显著（P<0.05）提高叶绿素相对含量,而尿素处理对叶绿素相对含量的提升未达显著水平（P>0.05）。具体来看,株高与地径表现为中药肥处理组最优,叶绿素相对含量和氮含量以生物炭基肥处理组最高,鲜草产量则呈现生物炭基肥处理组>尿素处理组>中药肥处理组的特征。隶属函数综合分析显示,各处理对紫花苜蓿的综合提升效果排序为：生物炭基肥处理组>中药肥处理组>尿素处理组>对照组,其中生物炭基肥在促进紫花苜蓿生长、养分积累及增产方面表现最优。[结论] 生物炭基肥对紫花苜蓿生长、养分积累及产量的综合提升效果最优,是该试验条件下促进紫花苜蓿生长的优选肥料。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 中药肥, 生物炭基肥, 生产性能, 咸阳地区

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the effects of applying different types of fertilizers on the production performance of Medicago sativa in the Xianyang region, providing theoretical reference and practical basis for the efficient cultivation and utilization of local M. sativa. [Methods] M. sativa in the Xianyang region was used as the test material, and a completely randomized block design was adopted with four treatments: urea （N≥46.4%, application rate 90 kg/hm²）, biochar-based fertilizer （N-P₂O₅-K₂O content 10%-13%-13%, C nutrient conten 20.0%, total nutrients≥36.0%, application rate 750 kg/hm²）, traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer （N-P₂O₅-K₂O≥100 g/L, irrigated with a 600-fold dilution）, and a no-fertilizer treatment as the control （CK）. Each treatment had three replicates. The effects of the different fertilization treatments on M. sativa growth characteristics were comprehensively analyzed by systematically measuring indicators including plant height, basal stem diameter, relative chlorophyll content （SPAD value）, leaf nitrogen content, and fresh forage yield. [Results] All three fertilizer treatments significantly （P<0.05） increased M. sativa plant height, basal stem diameter, nitrogen content, and fresh forage yield. The biochar-based fertilizer and traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer treatments significantly （P<0.05） increased the relative chlorophyll content, while the urea treatment did not significantly（P>0.05） increase in the relative chlorophyll content. Specifically, the traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer treatment yielded the best results for plant height and basal stem diameter; the biochar-based fertilizer treatment resulted in the highest relative chlorophyll content and nitrogen content; and the fresh forage yield followed the order: biochar-based fertilizer treatment group>Urea treatment group>traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer treatment group. Comprehensive analysis using the membership function showed that the overall improvement effect of the treatments on M. sativa followed the ranking: biochar-based fertilizer treatment group>traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer treatment group>urea treatment group>control group. Among them, the biochar-based fertilizer demonstrated the best performance in promoting M. sativa growth, nutrient accumulation, and yield increase. [Conclusion] The biochar-based fertilizer provides the optimal comprehensive improvement effect on M. sativa growth, nutrient accumulation, and yield, making it the preferred fertilizer for promoting M. sativa growth under the conditions of this experiment.

Key words: Medicago sativa, traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer, biochar-based fertilizer, production performance, Xianyang region

中图分类号:

S816.35

冯树林, 周婷, 王军利, 高竹. 不同肥料对咸阳地区紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2025, 46(5): 58-64.

FENG Shulin, ZHOU Ting, WANG Junli, GAO Zhu. Effects of Different Fertilizers on the Production Performance of Medicago sativa in Xianyang[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2025, 46(5): 58-64.

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