不同施氮量对饲用燕麦中蛋白质和纤维素的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2023.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]探究氮肥施用水平对饲用燕麦品质的影响，确定饲用燕麦的最适施氮量范围。[方法]选用燕麦草为供试材料，设置0（N0）、175（N175）、200（N200）、225（N225）、250（N250）、275（N275）、300（N300） kg/hm²共7个氮肥施用梯度，在苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期分别追施氮肥用量的15%、35%、30%、20%。采用大田小区下的单因素随机区组设计，每个区组设置3个重复，分别在拔节期和抽穗期测定0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量以及饲用燕麦的蛋白质和纤维素含量。[结果]随着施氮水平的增加，土壤碱解氮含量升高，并出现积累的现象；与不施氮肥组相比，不同施氮水平下拔节期和抽穗期各土层的土壤碱解氮含量都有不同程度的提高。饲用燕麦的品质并不会随着可利用的氮素养分含量的增加而一直提高，存在峰值；施氮水平N225时，饲用燕麦在拔节期和抽穗期的蛋白质含量均达到最大值，分别为11.55%、16.13%，增幅分别为38.15%、53.62%。饲用燕麦的分蘖数在施氮水平N175时达到最大值（分蘖中位数=8）；蛋白质和纤维素含量随施氮水平的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势，在施氮水平N225、N175时，蛋白质和纤维素含量分别达到最大值。[结论]在施氮水平N225~N275的范围内，饲用燕麦的蛋白质和纤维素含量达到协同最适值。

关键词: 施氮水平, 饲用燕麦, 蛋白质, 纤维素

Abstract:

[Objective] This study aimed to assess the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the quality of forage oat, and to determine the optimal range of nitrogen fertilizer application rate for forage oat. [Method] Using oat grass as the experimental material, a total of 7 nitrogen fertilizer application gradients were set up, including 0 （N0）, 175 （N175）, 200 （N200）, 225 （N225）, 250 （N250）, 275 （N275）, and 300 （N300） kg/hm². At the seedling stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, and heading stage, 15%, 35%, 30%, and 20% nitrogen fertilizer topdressing were applied, respectively. A single factor randomized block design was adopted in the plots of the field trial, with 3 replicates in each block. At the jointing stage and heading stage, the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content in the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm soil layers, as well as the contents of protein and cellulose of oat grass were measured, respectively. [Result] With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rates, the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content elevated, and an accumulation phenomenon was observed. Compared with N0, the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content in each soil layer of the different nitrogen fertilizer application rates at both jointing stage and heading stage increased in various degrees. The quality of forage oat did not continuously improve with the increase of available nutrient content of nitrogen, and had a peak. At the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of N225, the protein content of oat grass peaked at both jointing stage and heading stage, reaching 11.55% and 16.13% respectively, with an increase of 38.15% and 53.62%, respectively. The highest tillering number of forage oat was observed at the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of N175 （median=8）. The contents of protein and cellulose of oat grass exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the elevation of nitrogen fertilizer application rates. At the nitrogen fertilizer application rates of N225 and N175, the contents of protein and cellulose reached the maximum values, respectively. [Conclusion] Within the range of nitrogen fertilizer application rate at N225-N275, the contents of protein and cellulose of forage oat reached the synergistic optimal value.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer application rate, forage oat, protein, cellulose

中图分类号:

S544.906.2

王静, 田永雷, 慕宗杰, 王永荣, 白春利. 不同施氮量对饲用燕麦中蛋白质和纤维素的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2023, 44(4): 85-93.

WANG Jing, TIAN Yonglei, MU Zongjie, WANG Yongrong, BAI Chunli. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Contents of Protein and Cellulose in Forage Oat[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2023, 44(4): 85-93.

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