畜禽常用化学消毒剂作用机理及影响因素研究进展

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着我国畜禽养殖规模化进程的加速,养殖主体的“预防优先”理念对科学消毒提出了更高要求,科学选择化学消毒剂并优化消毒策略已成为疫病防控的关键。基于此,文章从畜禽常用化学消毒剂种类、作用机理、使用方法以及新型消毒剂开发等方面进行系统的阐述,重点对环境温度、pH值和有机物载量等影响消毒剂消杀效果的因素进行总结归纳,以期为养殖主体科学选择和利用化学消毒剂提供参考。

关键词: 畜禽养殖, 化学消毒剂, 作用机理, 消毒效果, 影响因素

Abstract: With the acceleration of large-scale livestock and poultry farming in China, the concept of "prevention first" among livestock and poultry producers has placed higher demands on scientific disinfection practices. The scientific selection of chemical disinfectants and optimization of disinfection strategies have become critical for disease prevention and control. In this context, this paper systematically reviews the types, mechanisms of action, application methods, and development of novel chemical disinfectants commonly used in livestock and poultry, with particular focuses on summarizing the factors influencing disinfection efficacy, such as environmental temperature, pH, and organic matter load, aiming to provide a reference for the scientific selection and application of chemical disinfectants in livestock and poultry producers.

Key words: livestock and poultry farming, chemical disinfectants, mechanism of action, disinfection efficacy, influencing factors

中图分类号:

S851.36

尹坤, 田开月, 梁路, 张东辉, 黄玉波. 畜禽常用化学消毒剂作用机理及影响因素研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2025, 46(4): 102-109.

YIN Kun, TIAN Kaiyue, LIANG Lu, ZHANG Donghui, HUANG Yubo. Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Action and Influencing Factors of Commonly Used Chemical Disinfectants in Livestock and Poultry[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2025, 46(4): 102-109.

参考文献

[1] ZHOU X T, LI N, LUO Y Z, et al.Emergence of African swine fever in China, 2018[J].Transboundary and Emerging Diseases,2018,65(6):1482-1484.
[2] LIU Y J, ZHANG X H, QI W B, et al.Prevention and control strategies of African swine fever and progress on pig farm repopulation in China[J].Viruses,2021,13(12):2552.
[3] MAILLARD J Y, PASCOE M.Disinfectants and antiseptics:mechanisms of action and resistance[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2023,22(1):4-17.
[4] YIM J H, SONG K Y, KIM H, et al.Effectiveness of calcium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium compounds, and sodium hypochlorite in eliminating vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus anthracis surrogate[J].Journal of Veterinary Science,2021,22(1):e11.
[5] LIN W, GUAN X, CAO J, et al.Bactericidal mechanism of glutaraldehyde-didecyldimethylammonium bromide as a disinfectant against Escherichia coli[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2017,122(3):676-685.
[6] MIGNEAULT I, DARTIGUENAVE C, BERTRAND M J, et al.Glutaraldehyde:behavior in aqueous solution, reaction with proteins, and application to enzyme crosslinking[J].BioTechniques,2004,37(5):790-802.
[7] 冷红英,王玲,徐燕.三种高效消毒剂对消化内镜消毒效果比较研究[J].中国消毒学杂志,2019,36(5):325-328.
[8] KIM D, KIM E.Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment:a literature review - Part Ⅱ. In vivo studies[J].Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics,2015,40(2):97-103.
[9] DURANI P, LEAPER D.Povidone-iodine:use in hand disinfection, skin preparation and antiseptic irrigation[J].International Wound Journal,2008,5(3):376-387.
[10] LEPELLETIER D, MAILLARD J Y, POZZETTO B, et al.Povidone iodine:properties, mechanisms of action, and role in infection control and Staphylococcus aureus decolonization[J].Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,2020,64(9):e00682-20.
[11] LACHAPELLE J M, CASTEL O, CASADO A F, et al.Antiseptics in the era of bacterial resistance:a focus on povidone iodine[J].Clinical Practice,2013,10(5):579-592.
[12] SAUERBREI A, SEHR K, EICHHORN U, et al.Inactivation of human adenovirus genome by different groups of disinfectants[J].Journal of Hospital Infection,2004,57(1):67-72.
[13] GAD S C.Peracetic acid [M]//Encyclopedia of toxicology (fourth edition). San Diego and London:Academic Press,2024,7:343-347.
[14] SHIN M, NA G, KANG J W, et al.Application of combined treatment of peracetic acid and ultraviolet-C for inactivating pathogens in water and on surface of apples[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2024,411:110519.
[15] 吴丽娜,刘昀阁,张一敏,等.乳酸和过氧乙酸对大肠杆菌O157:H7生物膜的抑制作用及其机制[J].食品科学,2022,43(9):10-18.
[16] CLAPP P A, DAVIES M J, FRENCH M S, et al.The bactericidal action of peroxides; an E.P.R. spin-trapping study[J].Free Radical Research,1994,21(3):147-167.
[17] CLASEN T, EDMONDSON P.Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for the routine treatment of drinking water at the household level[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2006,209(2):173-181.
[18] DING T, XUAN X T, LI J, et al.Disinfection efficacy and mechanism of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on Staphylococcus aureus in pure culture[J].Food Control,2016,60:505-510.
[19] PANASENKO O M, GORUDKO I V, SOKOLOV A V.Hypochlorous acid as a precursor of free radicals in living systems[J].Biochemistry Biokhimiia,2013,78(13):1466-1489.
[20] PRÜTZ W A. Hypochlorous acid interactions with thiols, nucleotides, DNA, and other biological substrates[J].Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1996,332(1):110-120.
[21] BLOCK M S, ROWAN B G.Hypochlorous acid:a review[J].Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,2020,78(9):1461-1466.
[22] LEWANDOWSKI R B, STEPIÑSKA M, OSUCHOWSKI Ł, et al. The HOCl dry fog-is it safe for human cells?[J].PLoS One,2024,19(5):e0304602.
[23] FUKUZAKI S.Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning and disinfection processes[J].Biocontrol Science,2006,11(4):147-157.
[24] COATES D.Comparison of sodium hypochlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate disinfectants:neutralization by serum[J].The Journal of Hospital Infection,1988,11(1):60-67.
[25] 王欣舒,吴明松,刘宇鹤,等.单过硫酸氢钾复合盐的消毒研究与应用进展[J].无机盐工业,2021,53(4):32-37.
[26] 付维星. 过硫酸氢钾复合粉消毒剂的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[27] TULALAMBA W, ASSAWAMAKIN A, THAYANANUPHAT A, et al.Evaluation of potassium peroxymonosulfate (MPS) efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus using RT-qPCR-based method[J].International Journal of Infectious Diseases,2021,110:162-164.
[28] PENG W Y, DONG Y X, FU Y, et al.Non-radical reactions in persulfate-based homogeneous degradation processes:a review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2021,421:127818.
[29] 张志宇. pH对过硫酸氢钾复合粉杀菌效果的影响[J].中国洗涤用品工业,2020(11):99-102.
[30] 金星,吴秋萍,金礼琴,等.过硫酸氢钾复合物粉溶液稳定性的条件优化设计[J].中国消毒学杂志,2022,39(3):165-168,171.
[31] 薛文青. 季铵盐类阳离子表面活性消毒剂研究进展[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2002,12(8):634-636.
[32] 任永军,赵尊福,张焕蓉,等.复方戊二醛消毒液杀菌效果影响因素试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2020(12):122-125.
[33] 郎轶咏,王强,刘兰娣,等.聚维酮碘溶液稳定性的研究[J].中国医院药学杂志,2008,28(17):1523-1525.
[34] KITIS M.Disinfection of wastewater with peracetic acid:a review[J].Environment International,2004,30(1):47-55.
[35] 李乾坤. 单过硫酸氢钾复合消毒粉的研制及对医院污水消毒的评价[D].银川:宁夏医科大学,2023.
[36] 周庆民,侯美如,冯万宇,等.影响聚维酮碘溶液稳定性因素的试验[J].中国兽医杂志,2014,50(12):80-81.
[37] 马建伟,苏浩波,陈广怀.次氯酸钠溶液的综合利用与无害化处理[J].浙江化工,2024,55(1):46-54.
[38] CHENG C, LI H D, WANG J L, et al.A review of measurement methods for peracetic acid (PAA)[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering,2020,14(5):87.
[39] 秦涛,皇甫丹丹,汪川韦,等.低温环境对常用消毒剂灭活禽流感病毒的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2021,42(1):19-23.
[40] REN Z, HAN J, ZHANG X, et al.Effective of different industrial disinfection in subzero cold-chain environment[J].Scientific Reports,2024,14(1):12651.
[41] 龚浪,孙英硕,许润达,等.理化因素对非洲猪瘟病毒灭活效果的研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2023,44(3):348-356.
[42] BROWN K, JOHNSON R.Mechanisms of organic matter interference with disinfectant efficacy[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2018,5(1):45-58.
[43] 陈茂义,胡婕,毛春林,等.含氯消毒剂对新型冠状病毒核酸破坏效果研究[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2020,31(3):22-24.
[44] 牛登云,马利芳,冯敬敬,等.以伪狂犬病病毒为标识物的四种消毒剂的评估比较[J].中国动物传染病学报,2021,29(6):74-81.
[45] ALLINGHAM C, TANIGUCHI M, KINCHLA A J, et al.The influence of simulated organic matter on the inactivation of viruses:a review[J].Viruses,2024,16(7):1026.
[46] MCLAREN I, WALES A, BRESLIN M, et al.Evaluation of commonly-used farm disinfectants in wet and dry models of Salmonella farm contamination[J].Avian Pathology,2011,40(1):33-42.
[47] 高倩. 温度、水硬度、有机干扰物对过硫酸氢钾复合粉杀菌效果影响的研究[J].中国洗涤用品工业,2021(9):64-68.
[48] 王爱玲. 四种消毒剂对猪场常见病原微生物的杀灭效果研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[49] LEGGETT M J, MCDONNELL G, DENYER S P, et al.Bacterial spore structures and their protective role in biocide resistance[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2012,113(3):485-498.
[50] GONG Y C, WEI C C, WANG J, et al.Structure of the priming Arabinosyltransferase AftA required for AG biosynthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2023,120(23):e2302858120.
[51] LIN Q Y, LIM J Y C, XUE K, et al. Sanitizing agents for virus inactivation and disinfection[J].View,2020,1(2):e16.
[52] 张可玟,胡泓,陈刚.微生物消毒剂抗性机理[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2022,49(1):34-47.
[53] 崔润博,陈渺渺,洪守强,等.消毒剂促进细菌抗菌药物耐受性/耐药性产生和传播机制研究进展[J].中国抗生素杂志,2025,50(2):160-170.
[54] KRUG P W, LARSON C R, ESLAMI A C, et al.Disinfection of foot-and-mouth disease and African swine fever viruses with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite on birch wood carriers[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2012,156(1/2):96-101.
[55] TURNER C, WILLIAMS S M, CUMBY T R.The inactivation of foot and mouth disease, Aujeszky′s disease and classical swine fever viruses in pig slurry[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2000,89(5):760-767.
[56] YUAN L, LIN W S, CAO Y, et al.Disinfection efficacy of peroxyacetic acid against bacterial spores[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2025,487:137128.
[57] THONGKHAM E, JUNNU S, BORLACE G N, et al.Efficacy of common disinfection processes against infective spores (arthroconidia) and mycelia of Microsporum gallinae causing avian dermatophytosis[J].Veterinary World,2022,15(6):1413-1422.
[58] MAZZOLA P G, PENNA T C V, MARTINS A M. Determination of decimal reduction time (D value) of chemical agents used in hospitals for disinfection purposes[J].BMC Infectious Diseases,2003,3:24.
[59] WALIA K, ARGÜELLO H, LYNCH H, et al. The efficacy of different cleaning and disinfection procedures to reduce Salmonella and Enterobacteriaceae in the lairage environment of a pig abattoir[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2017,246:64-71.
[60] MISRA S, VAN MIDDELAAR C E, JORDAN K, et al. Effect of different cleaning procedures on water use and bacterial levels in weaner pig pens[J].PLoS One,2020,15(11):e0242495.
[61] BANG H J, PARK S Y, KIM S E, et al.Synergistic effects of combined ultrasound and peroxyacetic acid treatments against Cronobacter sakazakii biofilms on fresh cucumber[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2017,84:91-98.
[62] 李娜. 过硫酸氢钾复合盐颗粒剂消毒效果评价[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[63] 翟燕青,贺文庆,江俊.一种过硫酸氢钾复合盐消毒剂消毒效力持续时间研究[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2017,37(1):54-55.
[64] SEO D, LEE Y H, JO J.Humidifier disinfectant, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC):assessment of respiratory effects to protect workers′ health[J].Scientific Reports,2021,11(1):15681.
[65] 蔡慧玲,吴启鹏,李家祺,等.复方过氧化物消毒剂低温消毒效果及安全性研究[J].中国感染控制杂志,2023,22(5):522-526.
[66] 周德刚,张晓东,高艳艳,等.泡沫消毒剂在养殖场的临床应用研究[J].养禽与禽病防治,2019(3):20-23.
[67] WANG G D, YANG L, JIANG L B, et al.A new class of quaternary ammonium compounds as potent and environmental friendly disinfectants[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2022,379:134632.
[68] 张倍铭,曾志辉,李晓丹,等.二溴海因与三氯异氰尿酸消毒剂对不同航材表面细菌的消杀性能研究[J].载人航天,2024,30(3):300-305.
[69] 易佳琳,李健,胡培龙,等.二溴海因复合消毒剂的研制与机理研究[J].中国动物检疫,2017,34(10):104-109.
[70] 周晓亮,李雯.邻苯二甲醛与戊二醛消毒消化内镜的比较研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,2013,25(4):454-456.
[71] 柴真真,王静,聂珍贵.化学消毒剂及其消毒效果评价的发展和应用[J].质量安全与检验检测,2023,33(3):81-84.
[72] 韩愈杰,李定刚,杨鹤云,等.基于网络药理学探讨连翘、金银花药对挥发油抗流感作用机制的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2022(6):120-124,140,141.