生物活性肽的抗氧化作用研究进展

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氧化应激是诱发畜禽机体损伤、免疫力下降及生产性能降低的重要原因,因此开发绿色、安全的天然抗氧化剂成为畜禽健康养殖的研究热点。生物活性肽是一类具有抗菌、抗氧化、免疫调节等生理功能活性的小分子物质,广泛存在于动植物蛋白及生物体内,其中,抗氧化肽可以缓解或抑制机体发生氧化损伤,因其高活性、多靶点等特点,在功能性食品、生物医药以及畜牧业领域具有良好的开发前景。文章系统梳理了相关研究成果,全面综述了生物活性肽的分类来源、制备技术、抗氧化作用机制及活性评价方法。该物质主要分为植物源性与动物源性两大类,原料来源广泛;其制备方式主要包括直接提取法、酶解法、微生物发酵法、化学合成法与DNA重组技术,不同制备工艺各有优劣,其中酶解法与微生物发酵法更适配规模化生产;抗氧化作用机制主要包括清除自由基、螯合金属离子、提升内源抗氧化物质水平以及调控抗氧化相关信号通路。可通过化学评价和生物评价来检测其活性。此外,文章还探讨了生物活性肽在畜禽生产中的实际应用效果,分析了当前研究存在的不足,并对其制备工艺优化、作用机制实现路径进行展望,以期为生物活性肽的合理应用和深入研究提供理论参考。

关键词: 生物活性肽, 氧化应激, 抗氧化肽, 作用机制

Abstract: Oxidative stress is an important cause of body damage, decreased immunity and reduced production performance in livestock and poultry. Therefore, the development of green and safe natural antioxidants has become a research hotspot in the healthy breeding of livestock and poultry. Bioactive peptides are a class of small molecule substances with antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and other physiological functions. They are widely found in animal and plant proteins and organisms. Among them, antioxidant peptides can alleviate or inhibit oxidative damage in the body. Due to their high activity and multi-target characteristics, antioxidant peptides have good development prospects in the fields of functional food, biomedicine and animal husbandry. This review systematically summarizes the related research results and comprehensively discusses the classification and sources, preparation technologies, antioxidant mechanisms, and activity evaluation methods of bioactive peptides. The material is mainly classified into two categories: plant-derived and animal-derived, with a wide range of raw material sources; the preparation methods mainly include direct extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, chemical synthesis and recombinant DNA technology. Different preparation processes have their own advantages and disadvantages, among which enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation are more suitable for large-scale production. The antioxidant mechanism mainly includes scavenging free radicals, chelating metal ions, increasing the levels of endogenous antioxidants and regulating antioxidant-related signaling pathways. Its activity can be assessed by chemical evaluation and biological evaluation. In addition, this review discusses the practical application effects of bioactive peptides in livestock and poultry production, analyzes the shortcomings of current research, and provides perspectives on the optimization of preparation process and the realization path of action mechanism, aiming to provide theoretical references for the rational application and in-depth study of bioactive peptides.

Key words: bioactive peptides, oxidative stress, antioxidant peptides, mechanism of action

中图分类号:

S816.7

徐晓怡, 高峰. 生物活性肽的抗氧化作用研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(2): 51-56.

XU Xiaoyi, GAO Feng. Research Progress on the Antioxidant Effects of Bioactive Peptides[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(2): 51-56.

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