畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 107-114.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.06.015

• 动物疾病防控 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆南疆部分地区绵羊寄生蜱的种类鉴定及其携带无浆体情况调查

张星1, 戴怡琪1, 程尚鹏2, 努尔艾孜孜·努尔麦麦提3, 何薇4, 李飞5, 何波6, 武军元1   

  1. 1.塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,新疆 阿拉尔 843300;
    2.塔里木大学医学院,新疆 阿拉尔 843300;
    3.喀什海关技术中心,新疆 喀什 844199;
    4.中华人民共和国阿克苏海关,新疆 阿克苏 843000;
    5.新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区动物疫病控制诊断中心,新疆 阿克苏 843000;
    6.新疆哈密市伊州区动物疫病预防控制中心,新疆 哈密 839099
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-17 出版日期:2025-11-30 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 武军元(1980—),男,教授,博士,主要研究方向为虫媒及虫媒病。
  • 作者简介:张星(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为虫媒及虫媒病。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32560863;32160841;31960705)

Identification of Tick Species Parasitizing Sheep and Investigation of Anaplasma Carriage in Parts of Southern Xinjiang

ZHANG Xing1, DAI Yiqi1, CHENG Shangpeng2, Nueraizizi Nuermaimaiti3, HE Wei4, LI Fei5, HE Bo6, WU Junyuan1   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China;
    2. College of Medicine, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China;
    3. Kashgar Customs Technology Center, Kashgar 844199, China;
    4. Aksu Customs of the People's Republic of China, Aksu 843000, China;
    5. Aksu Animal Disease Control and Diagnostic Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aksu 843000, China;
    6. Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Yizhou District, Hami 839099, China
  • Received:2025-10-17 Online:2025-11-30 Published:2026-01-26

摘要: [目的] 调查新疆南疆部分地区绵羊蜱虫种类及蜱虫携带无浆体的感染情况。[方法] 在新疆南疆皮山县、民丰县、和田县、柯坪县、洛浦县和阿瓦提县采集145只绵羊源蜱,通过形态学与分子生物学方法鉴定新疆南疆部分地区蜱虫种类。基于无浆体16S rRNA和MSP4基因位点,采用PCR方法检测蜱无浆体感染情况;通过序列比对鉴定感染无浆体种类,并运用MEGA 11.0软件构建进化树进行遗传进化分析。[结果] 研究共鉴定出3属5种蜱,分别为亚洲璃眼蜱(n=51)、小亚璃眼蜱(n=4)、图兰扇头蜱(n=75)、胫距革蜱(n=14)和草原革蜱(n=1);蜱虫总体携带无浆体阳性率为28.28%(41/145),共检测到2种无浆体,分别为嗜吞噬无浆体和绵羊无浆体,阳性率分别为12.41%(18/145)和15.86%(23/145),其中同时感染2种无浆体的阳性率为0.69%(1/145)。系统发育分析显示,研究获得的无浆体与已知无浆体序列同源性较高,未形成隔离遗传特征。[结论] 新疆南疆部分地区的优势蜱种为图兰扇头蜱和亚洲璃眼蜱,并且该地区蜱虫携带无浆体阳性率较高。研究结果可为南疆部分地区蜱媒无浆体病的预防和治疗提供数据支撑。

关键词: 绵羊寄生蜱, 无浆体, 鉴定, 新疆南疆部分地区

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate tick species parasitizing sheep and the infection status of Anaplasma carried by ticks in parts of southern Xinjiang. [Methods] A total of 145 ticks were collected from sheep in Pishan, Minfeng, Hetian, Kalpin, Lop, and Awati counties in Southern Xinjiang. Tick species in these sites were identified using morphological and molecular biological methods. Based on the 16S rRNA and MSP4 gene loci of Anaplasma, PCR method was employed to detect Anaplasma infection in ticks. Infected Anaplasma species were identified by sequence alignment, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 11.0 software for genetic evolutionary analysis. [Results] A total of five tick species belonging to three genera were identified: Hyalomma asiaticumn=51), Hyalomma anatolicumn=4), Rhipicephalus turanicusn=75), Dermacentor pavlovskyin=14), and Dermacentor nuttallin=1). The overall Anaplasma-positive rate in ticks was 28.28% (41/145). Two Anaplasma species were detected, namely Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma ovis, with positive rates of 12.41% (18/145) and 15.86% (23/145), respectively; the co-infection rate with both Anaplasma species was 0.69% (1/145). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Anaplasma sequences obtained in this study had high homology with known Anaplasma sequences and did not form isolated genetic characteristics. [Conclusion] The dominant tick species in parts of southern Xinjiang are R. turanicus and H. asiaticum, and the Anaplasma carriage rate in ticks in this region is relatively high. These results provide data support for the prevention and treatment of tick-borne anaplasmosis in parts of southern Xinjiang.

Key words: sheep-parasitizing ticks, Anaplasma, identification, parts of southern Xinjiang

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