Abstract: Antimicrobial peptides（AMPs）,named as peptide antibiotics in another way,are a kind of micromolecular peptides with immune activities that are encoded by special genes,synthesized by ribosome and secreted by some glands. A lot of experiments proved that the antimicrobial peptides not only had broad-spectrum efficient antibacterial activities,but they had stronger killing effect on some fungi,protozoon,virus,tumor cells,etc. And some AMPs even could inhibit the proliferation of HIV-1 virus. The current research situations of antimicrobial peptides were expounded and the application and existing problems were deeply discussed.