Abstract: [Objective] The scatter-fed and large-scale dairy farm in Changji suburbs of Xinjiang on the north slope of Tianshan were used as research objects to investigate the body condition,breeding environment, hygine score and mastitis, blood characteristics and other health condition of dairy cows. [Method] The dairy cows in dry period, early lactating period and middle lactating period from 5 households and large-scale dairy farms were selected to determine the body condition,breeding environment,mastitis and blood characteristics and other health conditions in winter and summer respectively. [Result] Body condition of dairy cows in dry period was slightly lower than the ideal score of body condition （3.5）. The breathing times of dairy cows in summer increased, up to 50 times per minute. The pollution level of large-scale dairy farms was higher than the scatter- fed cows. Especially in winter the pollution evaluation value of more than 50% of dairy cows were higher than 3. The incidence rate of mastitis in large-scale dairy farms reached 40%, and Staphylococcus aureus cases were found. More than 50% dairy cows were at low level of blood sugar, and it was especially obvious. Alb and BUN levels in blood were lower and BUN content in dairy cows in dry period was mostly lower than 7 mg/dL. AST level in blood was higher, and GGT level was lower. Ca concentration was in the normal range, and Mg concentration in blood was low. [Conclusion] The energy and protein levels were insufficient in dairy cows in dry period in large-scale dairy farm. The breeding environment in winter was poor, which caused body pollution and high incidence of mastitis of dairy cows. The phenomenon such as liver function injury caused by hock wound needed to be improved.