Abstract: Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia contains volatile constituents, terpenes, plant sterols, anthraquinone, tannins, acetophenone and insecticidal constituents, and flavonoids are also isolated from Euphorbia ebiacteolata. Stellera chamaejasme L. contains lignans, flavonoids, diterpenoid compound, coumarins, pentacyclic triterpenoid, sterols and other components. Both Euphorbiaeeae Euphorbia and Stellera chamaejasme L. have biological activities like cancer or antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, anticonvulsants and insecticidal activity, but the way is different. Besides, Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia has anti-leukemia effect, while Stellera chamaejasme L. has stellera treatment and prevention of immune deficiency. Euphorbia has long records and research, but the records and research about Stellera chomaejasme. L., Euphorbia fiseheriana Steud and Euphorbia ebiacteolata are more chaos. So ecological shape, distribution, chemical composition and biological activity research on Stellera chamaejasme L. and Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia were compared.