In order to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of wolfberry polysaccharide on chicks, a total of 400 1 day old chicks were randomly divided into four groups （A, B, C, D）. When the chicks were 7 days old, the group A and B were gavaged with 5 mL of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of wolfberry polysacchafide respectively, the group C and D were gavaged with the same volume of saline. Meanwhile, the group A, B and C were vaccinated with Newcastle Disease virus IV strain vaccine by intraocular-nasal route, the group D were not vaccinated. The micro hemagglutination inhibition test was used to determine the antibody titer of blood serum of the four tested groups in 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days old, respectively, and the immune organ index of the four tested groups were calculated at the 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th and 35th day after vaccination, respectively. The results showed that the antibody titer of blood serum of the group A and B were higher than that of group C and D, indicating that the wolfberry polysaccharide could enhance the immune effect of chicks against Newcastle Disease virus.

In order to understand the prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 （PCV-2） in pig farms in Henan Province, the clinical samples of a pig farm in Luoyang City of Henan Province were collected and were used for the isolation of PCV-2. Furthermore, the genome of the isolate was amplified, cloned and sequenced. The results showed that a PCV-2 strain were isolated from the samples and was named as LN. The size of the genome of LN strain was 1 767 bp. The results of the study will provide basis for revealing the pathogenic character of PCV-2 at molecular level and developing the vaccine and diagnostic products for PCV-2.

In present study, a PCR method was established based on the ORF2 gene of PCV-2 published in GenBank to detect the PCV-2 in clinical samples from three pig farms. The results showed that a specific band with the anticipated size of 630 bp was obtained. A total of 30 clinical samples from three pig farms were detected for the presence of PCV-2 by the established PCR method and 9 of them were PCV-2 positive, the positive rate was 30%. It was indicated that the PCR method established in this study was a fast, sentitive and efficient strategy for the molecular diagnosis of PCV-2 infection in porcine farms.

[ Objective ]To investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol （E2） on mRNA expression levels of the [~-defensin-2 （SBD-2） in ovine oviduct epithelial ceils in vitro. [Method ]The primary ovine oviduct epithelial cells were isolated and subeuhured to 2nd passage. The 2nd passage cells were divided into five groups and were treated with 10^-6 tool/L, 10^-7 mol/L, 10^-8mol/L, 10-9 mol/L and 10^-10 mol/L of E2, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of the β-defensin-2 （SBD-2） of ovine oviduct epithelial cells were determined at 2^th h, 6^th h, 12^th, 24^th and 48^th after they were treated with different concentration of E2 by real-time RT- PCR, respectively. The blank control groups were also included in each E2 treated groups for each detection time. [ Results ] The mRNA expression of SBD-2 of ovine oviduct epithelial cells reached the extreme level when they were treated with E2 of 104 mol/L for 6 h and was significantly upregulated compared with the control（P〈0.01 ）, and the mRNA expression of the SBD-2 of the cells were also upregulated when they were treated with E2 of 10^-10 mol/L for 24 h and 48 h. The expression of the SBD-2 of the cells showed a gradual decrement trend with the increase of E2 concentration. [ Conclusion 3 It was indicated that the mRNA expression of SBD-2 of ovine oviduct epithelial cells can be upregnlated by specific concentration of E2 for certain time, and the effect of E2 on the expression of the SBD-2 of ovine oviduct epithelial cells showed a time effect and dose-dependent manner.

Sex-linked dwarf gene （dw gene） of chicken can reduce feecl consumption when it is dominant and promote growth when it is recessive. In order to evaluate the hybrid effect of yellow-feathered broiler with dw gene, the hybrid experiment was carried out in this study. The A line yellow-feathered broilers were chosen as male parent, two-line hybrid yellow-feathered broilers with dw gene of DYJ were chosen as female parent and the CON were served as the control group. Three hundred ADYJ chicks and three hundred CON chicks with the same age were raised to 7 weeks under the same feeding condition and management before slaughter. During the breeding period, the weight and feed conversion ratio for both of the groups were recorded every week. In order to evaluate the economic benefit of hybrid effect of yellow-feathered broilers with dw gene, the body weight of all the experimental chickens were determined after 7 weeks, meanwhile, 15 male and 15 female chickens were randomly selected from each of the groups and their slaughter performance were determined. The results showed that while the 7 weeks average weight of the ADYJ group （1 690.4 g） was higher than that of CON group （ 1 623.3 g）, no significant difference was observed between them. The 7 weeks feed conversion ratio of ADYJ group was 2.26 and was lower than that of CON group （2.31）. The breast muscle ratio of rooster and hen of ADYJ group were 23.4% and 24.2% respectively and both of them were significantly higher than those of CON group respectively （P〈0.01）. The semi-eviscerated weights of rooster and hen of ADYJ group were 77.6% and 77.0% respectively and both of them were significantly higher than those of CON group respectively （P〈0.05）. The slaughter rate of rooster and hen of ADYJ group were 87.4% and 87.6% respectively and both of them were significantly higher than those of CON group respectively（P〈0.05 ）. No significant differences were observed between the percentage of abdominal fat and leg muscle rate of rooster and hen of the two groups respectively. The economic cost accounting results showed that the culturing cost for each chick of ADYJ group was 9.65 Yuan and was 0.33 Yuan less than that of the CON group. It was indicated that yellow-feathered broilers hybrid with dw gene could significantly increase the production efficiency.

The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution of the somatic cell counts （SCC）and its correlation with lactation month and milk composition based on records of Dairy Herd Improvement （DHI）from 2012 to 2013 of a dairy farm in Heilongjiang province. The results showed that the total average SCC in raw milk was 140 000/mL,the ration of the dairy cows with SCC below 200 000/mL was 56.70 %. SCC was higher in June and August, and the positive rate of mastitis reached the highest value of 27.25% in October. It would produce loss when the SCC was higher than 150 000/mL in this dairy farm, and the economic losses caused by the cattle with SCC higher than 500 000/mL accounting for 71.45% of the total economic losses. SCC was negatively correlated with milk yield and was positively associated with milk protein. The results obtained in this study will provide scientific evidences for the better using of DHI evaluation system to regulate feeding management and prevent mastitis.

Hyaluronic acid is a mucopolysaccharide widely distributed in the human body. While it has been successfully used in orthopedics,ophthalmology,plastic surgery, health food and other fields, there are still many new applications continue to be developed. The physiological function of hyaluronic acid were introduced and the research progress of its application in the above fields based on its structural characteristics are reviewed in this paper.

Biochemistry is a basic course of pharmacy specialties. How to satisfy the social demand for applied pharmaceutical talents and the requirements of rapid development of biochemistry knowledge and technology, is a new task for the biochemistry teaching. In this paper, the existing problems and reform measures of biochemistry course teaching in pharmacy specialties in Anhui Xinhua university are expounded, so as to provide reference to improve the teaching effect of applied biochemistry.

To stimulate the students＇ learning interest in the course of Feed Hygiene and Safety and to improve the teaching effect of the course, the participatory teaching was introduced. By attracting students to participate in the teaching objective and content design, adopting effective classroom activity embodying the students subject position and practicing academic achievement assessment for promoting student development, the learning interest and motivation of the students are enhanced, and teaching quality is also improved.

Aquatic Special Animals Culture is an important professional course in aquaculture major. Due to the special geographical regions and practical characters, it is difficult to teach special skill for students in classroom teaching. In order to strengthen the teaching reform of the course of Aquatic Special A nimals Culture and cultivate high-quality talents in aquaculture major, the teaching content, teaching method, practical teaching and evaluation mode were explored and reformed. By taking the above measures, the high-quality teaching effect were obtained.

Veterinary pharmacology experiment is an important part of the veterinary pharmacological course. In order to satisfy the demands of the discipline and social development for veterinary talents and to improve the teaching quality, the reform and explore were carried out in the veterinary pharmacology experiment teaching in College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University. By adopting the above measures, the comprehensive quality of the students was obviously improved.

Medical Function was a subject based on the experiment, the teaching methods and means have great influence on its teaching quality. The application of medical function virtual laboratory system in teaching of physiology, physiopathology and pharmacology experiments for undergraduates was introduced in this paper, so as to provide theoretical basis for the better utilization of the system in experimental courses teaching.

In order to solve the shortage of feed in desert steppe in winter and to develop the abundant Caragana resources that cannot be utilized by domestic animal,the Caragana fermented TMR feed was developed and the contrast test of feeding effect with conventional feeds in ewes was conducted in this study. The results showed that while there were no significant differences between the intake of three Caragana fermented TMR feed, there were significant differences between the intake of three Caragana fermented TMR feed and the pellet feed. During the feeding experiment ,the Caragana fermented TMR feed could maintain normal production performance of ewes, meanwhile, its feeding cost was lower than that of conventional fermentation feed and far lower than the pellet feed. It was indicated that Caragana fermented TMR feed could replace the conventional feed as a substitute for retention-fat, anti-disaster and animal protection in winter.

A total of 8 Mongolian sheep （n=4） and Neimonggol cashmere goat （n=4） with perpetual rumen fistula were chosen to investigate the differences of their calcium,phosphorus and nitrogen metabolism in different diets by 2x2 factorial experimental design. The results showed that the metabolic rate of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen were higher when the Mongolian sheep and Neimonggol cashmere goat were fed with hey than those when they were fed with corn straw pellet. The metabolic rate of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen of Mongolian sheep were higher than those of Neimonggol cashmere goat under high level diet nutrition. While the metabolic rate of calcium and nitrogen of Mongolian sheep were lower than those of Neimonggol cashmere goat under low level diet nutrition, the metabolic rate of phosphorus was higer.

Due to the intensive, scaled and specialized development of pastoral agriculture and undue pursuing of production and profit during planting and animal culture, the planting and feeding were separated and a series of environmental problems were brought. In this paper, the environmental problems caused by agricultural solid wastes were analyzed, and the comprehensive utilization modes of agricultural solid wastes were also proposed based on the principle of material cycle and muhi-level energy use, so as to provided reference for implementation of the virtuous circle in agroecosystem.

To provide basic theory for the research, development and utilization of clove fruit, the species, main active ingredients, pharmacological activities and representative diets （prescription）of clove fruit were reviewed in this article.

In this study, the meat production performance of the F~ generation hybrid sheep of German Mutton Merino sheep and local sheep was evaluated. The result showed that the hybrid sheep have the heterosis in terms of adaptability to the local confinedness condition, growth and development and meat production performance in 2013 and 2014. The average weight of F~ generation of the hybrid sheep in 6 months old was 44.24 kg and was significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0.01）, and lean meat percentage was higher and mutton quality was better in 2014. The carcass weight of F1 generation in 6 months old was 6.28 kg higher than that of control group, and the meat percentage and dressing percentage of the F1 generation was 5.11% and 6.92% higher than those of the control group respectively （P〈0.05）.

Severe cold seasons lasts six to seven months in most regions of Inner Mongolia. Due to the cold climate condition, the growth speed and bodyweight of sheep have decreased, the lambing rate and survival rate of the lambs have seriously reduced and the consumption of feed has increased in cage-free breeding style, which has brought huge economic loses to sheep farming in those regions. In order to prevent the reduction of sheep bodyweight and provide adequate heat energy for sheep shed, it is necessary to adopt the greenhouse sheep breeding way. However, the commonly used methods for greenhouse heating, such as wood burning, coal burning or feces burning, usually cause environmental pollution and their resources are limited. As a new energy,solar energy is one of the most abundant energy resources that can be used by human being. It is also a kind of clean energy without environmental pollution and can be developed and used wherever possible without transportation problem. The utilization of solar energy in greenhouse sheep breeding will promote the development of animal husbandry in a healthy, efficient, resource-conservational way.

Diarrhea is a common disease in calf rearing. Serious diarrhea always causes death of calf and brings huge economic loss to dairy cow breeding industry worldwide. While the emergence and prevalence of calf diarrhea was controlled in some of the dairy farms to some extent as the increase of feeding level, the calf diarrhea is still hard to be completely controlled due to the numerous infectious etiologies and the complex infection situation. The research progress on laboratory diagnosis methods of infectious etiology of calf diarrhea was reviewed in this paper, with the hope to provide theoretical foundation for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea.

Sarcoptidosis is a parasites disease with strong infectiousness. Once the sarcoptidosis emerge in sheep flocks, it may cause lots of outbreak cases without taking proper isolation and treatment measures. In order to validate the effect of drugs used for sarcoptidosis treatment saled in the market, the traetment experiment was carried out in this study. The results showed that the rational employment of ivermectin, amitraz, diazinon, phoxim could effectively treat the sarcoptidosis in sheep flocks.