Objective] The porcine interferon alpha 1 gene （PoIFNα-1） was expressed by using Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system, and polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant protein PoIFNα-1 were prepared. [Method] The codon-optimized PoIFNα-1 gene was synthesized according to the nucleotide sequence published by GenBank, and then the synthesized PoIFNα-1 gene was cloned into the vector pET-28a. After transformation of the recombinant plasmid into E. coli BL21 （DE3） host bacteria, the recombinant bacterium was induced by using IPTG. After purification of the recombinant protein PoIFNα-1 expressed in E. coli BL21 （DE3）, the polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant protein PoIFNα-1 was prepared in Kunming mice, and then reactivity of the prepared polyclonal antibodies with native porcine interferon alpha 1 was determined by Western blot. [Result] The synthesized PoIFNα-1 gene was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 （DE3）, and the polyclonal antibody against recombinant protein PoIFNα-1 could recognize the native porcine interferon-α-1. [Conclusion] The synthesized PoIFNα-1 gene was successfully expressed in E. coli, which provided some basis for following further research of antivirus.

The aim of this study was to observe the biological characteristics of goat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）. Samples were collected from goat and the BMSCs were isolated and cultured. RT-PCR was used to verify the stem cell properties of the isolated cells by detecting the stem cell transcription factor oct4 gene and sox2 gene. Furthermore, the growth curve of the identified BMSCs was drawn. The results showed that the BMSCs exhibited primary fibroblast and were able to express the oct4 gene and sox2 gene, which proved its characteristics of stem cells. The growth curve of BMSCs was shown as ‘S’ type, the 1st and 2nd day when the cells were cultured were the incubation period, the 3rd day was the exponential growth phase, and the growth of the cells entered platform phase after the 7th day. It was indicated that the isolated cells were BMSCs and can be used for the subsequent study.

In order to detect the methylation status of enoyl-CoA hydratase short chain 1 （ECHS1）, the sequence fragments of ECHS1 was obtained for Holstein cows by homologous cloning. The number of methylation was firstly predicted, and then methylation status of the obtained sequence fragments was detected by method of sequencing of bisulfite conversion. The results showed that fragments of ECHS1 with the size of 459 bp were obtained. C＋G content was 53.88%. The fragments contained 28 CpGs islands and all individuals at sites 1, 2, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 22, 24 and 27 had been methylated.

According to the regulations of the experimental design and indices, a hybridizations test was carried out with Princess Chicken （♀）and Guangxi Sanhuang Chicken （♂）.The hybrid offsprings were bred and their target traits were fixed by the backcross method continued to cultivate until the hybrid F3. The appearance characteristics and growth traits （weight and carcass traits） of hybrid F3 were studied. The hybrid F3 was compared with Princess Chicken. And the appearance characteristics and growth laws of hybrid F3 were studied. The results showed that the hybrid offsprings of Princess Chicken （♀）and Guangxi Sanhuang Chicken（♂） were in black feather and their growth rate was significantly better than Princess Chicken. And the hybrid F3 still maintained the excellent meat quality of Princess Chicken.

The age, weight and number of hair strands bend of Zhongwei goat under the condition of grazing from 1997 to 2002 were studied. The results showed that average day-age and body weight of Zhongwei goat male lambs in Goumao period were slightly higher than the female lamb,and the average number of hair strands bend was lower than the female lamb. Furthermore, the day-age of Zhongwei goat in Goumao period had a certain relationship with the weight and the number of hair strands bend, that was the longer the day-age was in Goumao period, and the smaller the weight was, the more the number of hair strands bend was.

In order to understand the prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in dairy farms in Inner Mongolia, sero-epidemiological investigation on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis was made on 2 321 cows in 16 big, small and medium dairy farms in Inner Mongolia by using ELISA. The results showed that the positive rate of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in five large dairy farms was 68.5%-100%, and the positive rate in five medium dairy farms was 34.0%-84.2%and the positive rate in six small dairy farms was 32.6%-89.3%. The average positive rate of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in 16 dairy farms was 75.7%.

Paratuberculosis were detected by using ELISA method of 2 391 cows of 17 dairy farms in Inner Mongolia milk for tuberculosis serological. The results showed that the serum positive rate of paratuberculosis in large-scale dairy farm was low, between 0 and 5%, while the serum positive rate of paratuberculosis in small dairy farm was higher, with the average positive rate of 14.1%. It is indicated that the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle exists in Inner Mongolia dairy farm, and it the control works should be paid much attention.

Bacterial infection was the main cause of cow endometritis, and antibacterial treatment was commonly used to treat this disease in the veterinary clinic. However,the drug resistance, drug residues and other problems were easily caused by the antibacterial treatment. Therefore, development of Chinese herbal medicine with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue would provide a new therapeutic method for the treatment of cow endometritis. 8 kinds of single compound formulae, 6 kinds of water decoction formulae and 12 kinds of Chinese and western compound formulae were designed. The antibacterial activities of the above formulae to three main pathogenic bacteria of cow endometritis （Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and streptococcus） were determined by drug sensitivity test. The optimum formula was optimized as formula 7A （a kind of Chinese and western compound formula）. Formula 7A had better antibacterial effects on three main pathogenic bacteria, and it was expected to be used as the treatment drugs for cow endometritis in veterinary clinic.

Transcription factors were a kind of important trans-acting factors to regulate gene transcription in eukaryote. So far, there have been many researches on transcription factors of animal populations, and scientific researchers have predicted transcription factors in the range of whole genome by using biology information technology, furthermore based above data, some special secondary databases were built. Eight transcription factors databases applied in animal population were summarized to provide theoretical basis for exploring molecular mechanism of transcription factors regulating animal genes transcription.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） is firstly taken as a kind of hypothalamic neuropeptide, but more and more researches show that GnRH has multiple functions, such as participating in the regulation of generation of steroids, cell proliferation, fertilization, adhesion of extracellular matrix, cell migration, etc., and also plays a crucial role in the growth, reproductive behavior, pregnancy and delivery of animals. The structure and regulation of GnRH were summarized.

In order to study the effects of liquid nano-vitamin on the production performance and carcass quality of pigs, 80 healthy finishing pigs with the body weight of about 20 kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, with 4 repetitions in each group （5 pigs in each repetition）. In control group ,the pigs were fed with the basic diet. And the pigs in three experimental groups were fed with the basic diet supplemented with solid vitamin,ordinary liquid vitamin and liquid nano-vitamin. The experimental was ended when the weights of pigs were up to about 100 kg and the carcass quality indices of pigs were determined. The results showed that the addition of vitamin had significant effects on the daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass lean percentage, loin eye area and the back-fat thickness of pigs. And the effects of liquid nano-vitamin were significantly better than that of solid vitamin and ordinary liquid vitamin. The effects of ordinary liquid vitamin were better than that of solid vitamin, but there was no difference. Therefore, liquid nano-vitamin could significantly enhance the production performance and improve the carcass quality of pigs, compared with other kinds of vitamin.

With the rapid development society, higher requirements for the teaching content and method of Grassland Science were put forward. A series of measures were put forward to arouse the enthusiasm of students, such as adjusting teaching content and teaching methods, establishing a scientific comprehensive evaluation system, strengthening the construction of the teaching practice base and the teaching staff. The teaching reform has achieved good teaching results and greatly improved the quality of teaching.

The development of modern animal husbandry in China also put forward great challenge for applied animal husbandry technology talents cultured by agricultural universities. Based on practical teaching conditions of animal production course in agricultural universities, problems in the teaching process of animal production course were analyzed in four aspects of teaching content, teaching method, practice and evaluation mode, and improvement countermeasures were put forward.

Combined experience in animal physiology experiment teaching, animal physiology experiments comprehensive assessment measures were explored,and comprehensive experiments on content, teaching methods and assessment methods were reformed. Experimental operation capability and the ability to analyze problems of students were increased through the practice.

The contents and practice of the comprehensive and designable experiments on Traditional Chinese Medicine Courses were discussed and analyzed. Its purpose was to clarify the comprehensive and designable experiments, which played an important affection and significance in the cultivation of students′innovation ability, design ability and practice ability.

In order to adapt to the fierce competition of aquaculture and cultivate the comprehensive talents that could keep pace with times, some teaching reform measures were proposed for Breeding of Famous-special-excellent Aquatic Animals. Based on understanding the teaching status quo and analyzing the existing problems, it was suggested that this course should be reformed and constructed from the aspects of improving the knowledge system, emphasizing the construction of curriculum group, enhancing the practice ability, innovating teaching methods, advocating the autonomous learning, optimizing evaluation method, popularizing the quality-oriented education, etc.

Based on the practical analysis of implementing the bilingual teaching practice of pharmacology in undergraduate courses in various specialties in Inner Mongolia Medical University and discussing the existing problems, solutions and bilingual teaching effects, some influencing factors on the teaching effects in the bilingual teaching process of pharmacology were explored. The suitable bilingual teaching mode of pharmacology was explored. Based on the bilingual teaching, the case teaching mode of pharmacology was built, so as to improve the bilingual teaching level of pharmacology, lay the foundation for training medical high-tech talents and provide referential experiences for the bilingual teaching of pharmacology in other medical colleges and universities.

Nanometer is a measurement unit of length, also named as millimicron （one millionth of a millimeter）. Nowadays, nanotechnology has been applied in many industries, such as nanophysics, nanoelectronics, nanobiology, nanochemistry, nanometrology, nano-machining. The nanotechnology applied in pharmacology field was named as nanopharmics. The nano-particles applied in pharmacology included nano-drug carrier and nano-medicine preparation. The nano-drugs had low production cost, high efficiency, high automation degree and large scale. And the nano-drugs realized organ targeting, high efficiency, low toxicity and other revolutionary breakthrough. The nano-drugs had advantages of good stability, small stimulation to stomach and intestines, etc. Therefore, nano-drugs had a broad development foreground in industry field and medical field in the world. The research and application of nanotechnology in medical field were reviewed.

Using the conventional chemical analysis technology, the contaminant content in wastewater from different treating stages in two representative large-scale pig farms in Guangxi was determined and they were compared with the national discharged standards. The changes of contamination indices in every treating link were investigated, so as to provide references for taking according measures for energy conservation and emission reduction in the livestock breeding. Contaminants indices included suspended solids （SS）, ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N）, BOD5 and chemical oxygen demand （CODcr）. The results showed that the wastewater discharged from Farm 1 after applying wastewater treatment technology was substandard,but the wastewater discharged from Farm 2 reached standard. Wastewater could be purified by plants grew in the pond. And the suspended solids （SS）could be effectively reduced by the treatment in the settling tank and secondary sedimentation tank.

In order to screen out the optimal coverage of culturing Eriocheir sinensis in pond in Qinghai, weight, the survival rate and growth condition of Eriocheir sinensis under different coverage of water were compared. Results showed that when the coverage of waterweed in pond was 60%-80%, it was benefit for the growth of Eriocheir sinensis, furthermore Eriocheir sinensis had higher survival rate and size.

Taking fox, mink, deer, ostrich, seven-colored pheasant and quail as the representatives of fur animals, medicinal animals and special avian, the protection and welfare problems of special economic animals in China were reviewed from the living environment, feeding, routine management, prevention and control of disease, transportation and killing methods and other production links of animals, so as to provide references for better breeding of special economic animals.

In order to understand the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） in eastern regions of Heilongjiang Province, 663 samples of porcine serum were collected from Mudanjiang City, Ning′an City, Hailin City, Suifenhe City, Jixi City, Jidong City, Jiamusi City, Mishan City, Hulin and other eastern regions of Heilongjiang Province. And the serum samples were from boar, sow, piglets and fattening pigs. And the pig farms included large-scale pig farms, small-scale pig farms and scatter-fed household. The serological investigation on the prevalence of PRRS in eastern regions of Heilongjiang Province was made by using ELISA. The results showed that the detection results of serum samples from 134 pigs were positive among 663 serum samples and the positive rate reached 20.21%.529 pigs were negative and the negative rate was 79.79%.S/P ratio of 26 pigs was more than 2.0, which took 19.40%of total positive ratio.

In order to ensure the biosafety of mutton products, Toxoplasma gondii infection of slaughtered sheep was investigated and Toxoplasma gondii in mutton was detected. 677 sera samples of slaughtered sheep were detected by using indirect hem agglutination test for toxoplasmosis. The results showed that 47 sheep antibodies were positive and the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii was 6.9%.

ORF is a serious infectious disease that had serious harm to sheep industry. Its pathogen is ORF virus, which mainly infects the lips, nostrils, eyes and surrounding skins of animals. Then papules and pustules appear and ORF has some influences on the milk-sucking of young animals and feed intake of adult animals. This disease occurs throughout the whole year, but it is particularly serious in spring and summer. ORF spreads fast and had wide spreading range. And it is widely prevalent around the world. And ORF has brought huge losses to the sheep industry. The etiology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment measures of ORF were reviewed, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of ORF.

Mycotoxin is a kind of toxic secondary metabolites produced in the growth and multiplication process of mould, and it widely exists in forage. Mycotoxin includes aflatoxin, ochratoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, trichothecin mycotoxins, etc. Nowadays, many people have reported on the toxicity of single kind of mycotoxin. The research on the joint toxicity of many kinds of mycotoxins would be the research focus of f mycotoxins in the future.