[Objective] To evaluate the application effect of a cashmere production improvement technology by photoperiod control in different local varieties of Mongolian colored cashmere goats. [Methods] Seven local varieties of colored cashmere goats were selected from five provinces of Mongolia. Goats of the same variety from the same region were assigned to experimental group and control group. The experimental groups were reared according to a patent technology of cashmere production improvement. The thickness, yield and fineness of cashmere of goats in experimental group and control group for each variety were determined and statistically assessed. [Results] From 2015 to 2017, for all of the seven selected local varieties of Mongolian colored cashmere goats, the experimental groups showed significantly higher cashmere thickness and yield compared to the control groups （P〈 0.05）; in 2017, for the three tested varieties, no significant differences in cashmere fineness between experimental groups and control groups were found （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] The technology evaluated in this study has a significant cashmere production improvement effect on Mongolian colored （Red and black） cashmere goats, furthermore, it has no affect on their cashmere fineness.

The aim of the present study was to unravel the molecular mechanism underlining the therapeutical effect of TCDCA on adjuvant arthritis （AA） model rats. The intervention effect of TCDCA on inositol trisphosphate （IP3 ） concentration in fibroblast-like synoviocytes （FLS） of rats with AA was assessed quantitatively by using enzyme linked immunesorbent assay （ELISA）. The results showed that the IP3 concentration was found significantly increased in FLS of AA model rat at15 min （P〈0.05）, 30 min （P〈0.01） and 60 min （P〈0.05） after TCDCA treatment compared to control. The up-regulation of IP3 expression in FLS of rats with AA induced by TCDCA was observed in this study.

Using CTX-M type extended spectrum 茁- lactamases （ESBLs） producing Escherichia coli （E. coli）, the present study investigated the antibacterial effect of banana straw water extracts combined with ant imicrobial agents in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentrations （MICs） ofbanana straw waterextracts and the 19 selected antimicrobial agents （amoxicillin, amikacin, fosfomycin, enrofloxacin, mequindox, azithromycin, rifampicin, sulfamonomethoxine sodium, ceftiofur sodium, etc.） against the CTX-M type ESBLs producing E. coli were determined by using broth micro-dilution method; the antibacterial effect of banana straw water extracts combined with each of the 19 selected antimicrobial agents against the CTX-M type ESBLs producing E. coli was assessed with checkerboard micro-dilution method, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index （FICI） was used to evaluate the interactive effect between banana straw water extracts and different antimicrobial agents. The results showed that when banana straw water extracts were used with mequindox or fosfomycin, FICI ≤ 0.5, indicating a synergistic effect; when banana straw water extracts were applied with ceftriaxone sodium, ceftazidime, ceftiofur sodium, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, sulfamonomethoxine sodium, azithromycin, florfenicol, or rifampicin, 0.5 〈FICI 臆 1, indicating an additive effect; when banana straw water extracts were employed with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin or lincomycin, 1〈FICI ≤ 2, indicating an independent effect; when banana straw water extracts were used with clinafloxacin or gatifloxacin, FICI〉2, indicating an antagonism effect. Our results demonstrate that the banana straw water extracts improve the antibacterial effect of some antimicrobial agents against the CTX-M type ESBLs producing E. coli.

This study aimed to assess the protective effect of Echinops latifolius polysaccharide B （ETPB） against oxidative damage in INS-1 cells induced by H2 O2 . The cultured INS-1 cells were used to prepare an in vitro oxidative damage model with treatment of 50 滋 mol/L H2 O2 for 24 hours by determination of cells viability using MTT method; the maximum safety concentration of ETPB for INS-1 cells was determined as 250 滋 g/mL; intervention of 15.6, 31.2 and 62.5 滋 g/mL of ETPB for 48 hours ahead of oxidative damage model preparation significantly increased the viability and SOD activity and decreased the MDA concentration in INS-1 cells （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Our results demonstrate the protective effect of ETPB against oxidative damage in INS-1 cells.

[Objective]To develop an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method for estimation of umbelliferone in a self-prepared pharmaceutical liniment of Stellera chamaejasme. [Methods]Using the umbelliferone identified by National Institutes for Food and Drug Control as standard substance, the absorbance value of samples was determined under wavelength of 323 nm which was screened in the range of 190-400 nm and had the highest absorption peak, and subsequently the standard curve of the ultraviolet -visible spectrophotometry method was drawn. [Results]In the range of 0-0.20 滋 g/mL, there was a good linear relationship between the concentration of umbelliferone and absorbance （R2=0.9995）; the RSD for precision, stability and repeatability was 0.00868%, 0.101% and 0.305%, respectively, and the recovery rate was ranged from 98.04% to 100.39%. [Conclusion]The precise, rapid and repeatable ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method developed in this study can be applied in determination of umbelliferone content in Stellera chamaejasme liniment.

In order to investigate the effect of photoperiod control on blood concentration of melatonin （MLT） in Inner Mongolia white cashmere goat during cashmere non-growing period, a total of 12 female Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats with similar age, cashmere production and body weight were selected and allocated to experimental group （short photoperiod, n =6） and control group （normal photoperiod, n=6）. The blood samples were collected from the ewes to determine the MLT concentration, and the differences in blood MLT concentration between experimental group and control group were statistically assessed. The results showed that the higher blood MLT concentration were observed in experimental group at 20：00 （P〈0.05）, 21：40, and 6：40 （P〈0.05） compared to control group, and the duration of the peak concentration of blood MLT was longer in experimental group compared to control group. In October, the variation of blood MLT concentration in experimental group was similar to that in control group, and no significant differences in blood MLT concentration between experimental group and control group were observed （P〉0.05）; for control group, the blood MLT concentration was obviously higher in October compared to June, but the highest value of blood MLT concentration was observed in the ewes receiving short photoperiod treatment. Collectively, these data reveal that the photoperiod regulates the hair follicle development and cashmere growth cycle, and the short photoperiod treatment stimulates the early cashmere growth in the non-growing period in Inner Mongolia white cashmere goat.

[Objective] To optimize the fermentation condition of vinegar residue by using response surface methodology. [Methods] The cellulose content was used as an assessment index to evaluate the optimized condition combinations and was determined by Van Soest method; the major factors associated with vinegar residue fermentation were optimized by using Box- Behnken design and response surface methodology. [Results] The optimum fermentation condition of vinegar residue were as follows： temperature of36 益,pH value of 6.5 and moisture of 42%; under the optimized conditions, the cellulose content of the fermented vinegar residue was 19.58 % which was 7.85% lower than that of the alkalized vinegar residue without microbial fermentation treatment. [Conclusion] The Box -Behnken design was in close agreement with the predicted values of the mathematic models, indicating its feasibility in optimization of fermentation condition of vinegar residue.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of heat shock protein （Hsp） on survival ability of Brucella under acid stress, and to assess the expression of BME E0042 gene, one of the Hsp coding genes, in the acid-treated Brucella. [Methods] The total RNA of Brucella 16M strains with or without acid treatment was extracted and was subsequently transcribed into cDNA; the relative expression of BME U0042 gene was determined by using real-time quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR）. [Results] The relative expression of BME H0042 gene in acid-treated Brucella was 6.20 fold that of the 16S rDNA, indicating the up-regulation of this gene. [Conclusion] The expression of BME R 0042 gene of Brucella is up-regulated under acid stress. Our study provides a basis for further investigation on the roles of Hsp playing in acid regulation network of Brucella.

This study aimed to assess the effect of estrogen （E2） on the mRNA expression of connective tissue growth factor （CTGF） in endometrium of dairy cows, and to uncover the mechanism underling the repairing effect of E2 on bovine endometrium. The mRNA expression of CTGF in the bovine endometrium cultured in vitro was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Compared to the blank control group, the mRNA expression of CTGF in E2 treatment group was significantly decreased （P〈 0.01）. In conclusion, our investigation reveals that E2 is able to regulate the gene expression of CTGF in bovine endometrium.

Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by the ; phage infected Corynebacterium diphtheria strains. It is highly toxic and even one molecule can kill cells. Recently, it has been widely used in tumor therapy and preparation of animal disease models. We mainly review the structure and action mechanism of diphtheria toxin as well as its application in tumor therapy and animal models preparation, in hoping to provide a theoretical basis for further studies on diphtheria toxin.

In this study, the indexes associated with feed nutritive value ofJuncao spent mushroom （Pleurotus eryngii） substrate, including routine nutrients content, Ca, P and other mineral elements content, amino acid content, heavy metal content, and aflatoxin content were determined. The results showed that the Juncao spent mushroom （Pleurotus eryngii） substrate was rich in nutrition which had abundant crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, mineral elements and other nutritional components. Its nutritional value was similar to that of sugar-beet pulp and was superior to that of Leymus chinensis and rice straw. Its heavy metal content and aflatoxin content meet the requirement of the national standard for hygienic quality of feed. It is indicated that the Juncao spent mushroom （Pleurotus eryngii） substrate has comparable nutritional value to the commonly used roughage and is able to replace them in diets of herbivorous animals.

Green forage has high biomass, rich nutrition and good palatability which is considered as a good feed resource for herbivores. With the development of large-scale herbivores breeding industry, the green forage is increasingly demanded. Ensiling is a processing and modulation method for the long-term storage of green forage. This cost saving method is easy to operate and is able to control the nutrient losses of green forage at the greatest extent. The production of silage can be served as an effectively complementary approach to the meet demand of green forage for herbivores. The processing and preparation technique of silage as well as the facility establishment for silage production are introduced, and the silage quality evaluation and application methods are expounded, in hoping to provide references for the scientific preparation and application of silage.

The aim of the present study was to give an overview of the positive role of electric field on alfalfa. The biological effects of electric field on alfalfa were expounded with focus on high voltage electric field treatment for seeds, plants and callus of alfalfa. We elaborated the influence of electric field on seed germination rate, seed germination energy, water content of seedlings, growth and development of seedlings, cold and drought resistance, and callus rate of alfalfa, in hoping to provide scientific basis for further research concerning biological effects of electric field on alfalfa.

[Objective] To assess the application effects of artificial insemination with frozen semen in cashmere goats production. [Methods] Hanshan white cashmere goats were used as experimental animals and were allocated to trail group and control group. Under grazing condition, the cashmere goats in trail group and control group were artificially inseminated with frozen semen and fresh semen, respectively. The pregnant rate and lambing rate of trail group and control group over the experimental period were statistically evaluated. [Results] In the first estrous cycle, the pregnant rate of trail group （64.99%） was 17.83% lower than that of control group （82.82%, P〈0.01）; in the first and second estrous cycles, the pregnant rate oftrail group （83.54%） was 8.62% lower than that of control group （92.16%,P〈0.01）; taking the first, second and third estrous cycles into consideration, the pregnant rate of trail group （93.10%） was 3.10% lower than that of control group （96.20%, P〉0.05）; no significant differences were observed in lambing rate between trail group （ 105.16%） and control group （ 103.82%, P〉0.05） in the three observed estrous cycles. [Conclusion] By appropriately extending its employment duration in estrous cycles, artificial insemination with frozen semen can achieve comparable application effects in cashmere goats to artificial insemination with fresh semen. Results of this study provide basic data for the promotion and application of artificial insemination with frozen semen in cashmere goats breeding.

In order to develop a set of comprehensive technology to improve the reproductive performance of sows, the effects of exogenous hormones treatments [luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 （LHRH -A3） and oxytocin]and deep cervicalinsemination （low semen volume） on sows pregnancy rate, average litter size, live litter size, and weak litter size were assessed. The results showed that the sows receiving intramuscular injection of LHRH-A3 had significantly higher average litter size and live litter size （P〈0.05）; the sows inseminated using the semen added with oxytocin showed higher pregnancy rate, average litter size, and live litter size （P〉0.05）; the application of deep cervical insemination technique in sows significantly increased the average litter size and live litter size （P〈0.05）, and no significant differences in reproductive performance between the sows inseminated with low and normal semen volume were observed （P〉0.05）. The comprehensive technology of exogenous hormones treatments and deep cervical insemination with low semen volume developed in this study improves the reproductive performance of sows, which has a good popularizing value in practical production.

Sheep Production is one of the main courses for undergraduates majoring in animal science. In view of the existing problems in teaching of this course such as the imperfect teaching content and poor practical teaching, the teaching reform of Sheep Production is conducted and explored in the aspects of teaching content, practice model, teaching methods and multimedia resource utilization. It is proved that good teaching effect of Sheep Production has been achieved.

Undergraduate thesis is one of the important components of undergraduate education and its quality directly reflects the quality of university education and university running level. Combining with the teaching status in local college, from the perspective of the mentor, we introduce the practical exploration and suggestions on quality improvement of undergraduate thesis and scientific research ability improvement of undergraduate： the 野 two-way choice冶 manner between mentor and undergraduate before thesis title selection is favorable to the implementation of undergraduate thesis; the title of the thesis should be closely related to the research field of the mentor, and the task should be designed with consideration of the undergraduates 忆 career planning after graduation; the determination and adjustment of thesis title should be made based on the undergraduates ability in literature reading and skill learning, and the notice associated with proposal should be released in a proper time; the experimental project should be adjusted according to the pre-experiment results and subsequently the formal proposal should be carried out. The sufficient time and guidance should be rendered to the undergraduates during the whole implementation process of thesis.

With the gradual popularization of the network information technology, the computer assisted instruction （CAI）, the representative of the modern teaching methods, has been gradually introduced into the classroom teaching and widely used in theoretical and experimental teaching of various disciplines. Based on the characteristics of Animal Physiology teaching, this paper expounds the application of computer assisted instruction in the theoretical and experimental teaching of this course and presents its future development trend.

＂Modern apprenticeship＂ is a new type of practical talents training mode aiming to cultivate the undergraduates, practical skills by strengthening the contact of colleges and enterprises, which has realistic guiding significance to solve the problem of ＂employment difficulty＂ for undergraduates and ＂hiring difficulty＂ for enterprise. Combining with the natural characteristics of talents training in higher education, we reference the accumulated experience in implementation of ＂modern apprenticeship＂ in higher vocational colleges to explore and develop a novel ＂modern apprenticeship＂ for training of undergraduate talents , practical ability.

Animal Genetics is a subject with abstract contents and rapidly updated knowledge. In teaching process of this course, there is a contradiction between undergraduates learning interest and their understanding and mastering ability to knowledge. The approach to improve the Animal Genetics teaching effect is deeply discussed, and the improving methods and strategies are proposed, in hoping to inspire the undergraduates^ learning enthusiasm and creative thinking ability.

Scientific research work is an important part of the connotation construction in higher vocational colleges. Taking Jiangsu Vocational College of Finance and Economics as an example, we analyze the current situation of scientific research work in higher vocational colleges from the aspects of research consciousness, achievement level, orientation, time investment, and teamwork. Some countermeasures were put forward to improve the scientific research ability in higher vocational colleges.

Jieba Area of Chengde has good natural environment which is suitable for the survival of wild boars and has a large number of wild boars. Capture and domestication of wild boars protect crops from the damage and are beneficial to the breed conservation of wild boars, income increase of farmers, and development of tourism resource. The commonly used techniques of wild boars capture include trapping with rutting female wild boars and food as well as rearing of young wild boars. Among the methods, capture of wild boars by trapping with food has a good effect. To provide basis for the crossbred wild boars breeding, the captured wild boars are supposed to be domesticated in a scientific manner and in a specially established domestication field.

A case of transport stress syndrome occurred in a beef cattle farm in Jiangxi Province was recorded. A total of 67 beef cattle around one-year-old were introduced from Jilin province; at the 5th day of introduction, 38 of （57%） the beef cattle were observed to be diseased in succession and 8 of them were died with a mortality of 12%; the general clinical signs of the diseased beef cattle comprised of dyspnea and asthma; some of the diseased beef cattle had severe diarrhea and joint swelling; the necropsy results revealed that the diseased beef cattle were subjected to cellulosic pleural pneumonia, and several of them had purulent and tyroid necrotic foci in lungs; there were ulcer foci in abomasum and small intestine; two poles stained bacillus were observed in microscopic examination and dewdrop -shaped small colonies were obtained in blood agar plate after incubation of clinical samples. Collectively, it was indicated that the pasteurella infection is responsible for the occurrence of the disease. We report the incidence and diagnosis of a case of transport stress syndrome in beef cattle, in hoping to provide references for the clinical practice.