[Objective]To establish an identification and content determination method for picfeltarraeninⅠA in Picria fel-terrae extracts. [Methods]The qualitative identification of picfeltarraenin ⅠA was carried out with thin layer chromatography（TLC）method; high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） method was used to determine the content of picfeltarraenin ⅠA in Picria fel-terrae extracts, and the chromatography conditions were as followed： the chromatographic column was Waters Symmetry C18（4.6 ×250 mm, 5 μm）, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water（35 ∶65）, the velocity was 1.0 m L/min, the detecting wavelength was 264 nm, the column temperature was 35 ℃, and the injection volume was 20 μL. [Results]The TLC method showed high specialization for identification of picfeltarraenin ⅠA . A good linear relationship was observed in the mass concentration range of 20.06-104.10 μg/m L（R2=0.9992）;the average recovery rate was 99.90%, and the RSD was 0.53 %.[Conclusion]The established method in this study has good specialization in qualitative analysis and has high accuracy in quantitative analysis and can be used in quality control of picfeltarraeninⅠA in Picria fel-terrae extracts.

[Objective]To study the effects of ZD preparation on the concentration of TNF-α in a cellular model of inflammation and the death of mouse fibroblast L929 cells induced by TNF-α. [Methods] The mouse peritoneal macrophage RAW264.7 cell line was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide（LPS） to establish a cellular model of inflammation, and five different concentrations of ZD preparation（100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 μg/m L） were included in this study. ELISA method was used to detect the TNF-αconcentration in the cell supernatant before and after ZD preparation intervention. The cytotoxic model was established with mouse fibroblast L929 cell line by stimulation of TNF-α, and the activity of L929 cells was determined by MTT method before and after the intervention of ZD preparation. [Results] The 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 μg/m L of ZD preparation groups had extremely significant difference in TNF-α concentration compared to the LPS model group（P〈0.01）, and the 0.01 μg/m L of ZD preparation group showed significant difference in TNF-α concentration compared to the LPS model group（P〈0.05）. In addition, the activity of mouse fibroblast L929 cells were significantly elevated after the intervention of 100 and 10 μg/m L of ZD preparation compared to the TNF-α group. [Conclusion] ZD preparation exerts the anti-inflammatory effects via reducing the secretion of TNF-α and inhibiting the biological activity of TNF-α.

[Objective]To uncover the influence of extraction process on the normal nutritional components of extracting residues from Chinese herbal medicine, and to provide basic data for the nutritional value evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine extracting residues. [Methods] Three kinds of Chinese herbal medicine, including astragalus, malt and licorice were used as materials in this study, and they were subjected to the treatment of water boiling and extracting, respectively. The quality loss rate and the normal nutritional components content of the post-treatment products of three medicines were determined. [Results]The quality loss rate of astragalus, malt and licorice after the treatment of water boiling and extracting was 13.38%, 11.62%, 5.04% and37.34%, 29.13%, 21.36%, respectively; the CP content of the product showed irregular changes after the two treatments and the changing amplitude of the three medicines was all relatively small; Ash content exhibited a decreasing trend to some extent; the contents of CF, NDF and ADF was increased significantly（P〈 0.05）; the NFE content was decreased in different degrees.[Conclusion]The quality loss rate of Chinese herbal medicine after extracting treatment is largely higher than that after water boiling treatment; Chinese herbal medicine is not necessary to be subjected to water boiling treatment unless there are special requirements; from the perspective of potential nutritional value, the extracting resides of malt and astragalus has the nutritional potential as high-quality refined feed, and those of licorice has the nutritional potential as roughage feed.

[Objective] To evaluate the growth adaptability of the introduced Bayannaoer multiparous female sheep in Korla City of Xinjiang.[Methods]A total of 200 introduced Bayannaoer multiparous sheep was chosen as experimental materials. The growth and development indicators, major physiological parameters and reproductive performance indexes of the introduced sheep were determined, and their depilation phenomenon and feed intake behavior were monitored during the experimental period. The growth status of the introduced sheep was compared with the local sheep. [Results] The body weight, body height, body length,chest circumference, and cannon circumference of the adolescent and adult Bayannaoer multiparous sheep were extremely significantly or significantly higher than their counterparts of the local sheep（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）; the value of body temperature,respiratory frequency, and heart rate of the 6-month-old Bayannaoer multiparous female sheep were all within the normal range;no depilation phenomenon was observed in Bayannaoer multiparous sheep aging from 1 to 6 months, while depilation phenomenon was found in the Bayannaoer multiparous sheep older than 6 months in April every year; their feed intake behavior was characterized by wide range of food intake, high tolerance to crude feed, non-fastidious to forage grass, full utilization of straw feed; there were no significant differences in estrous cycle and gestation period between introduced sheep and local sheep（P〉0.05）; the introduced sheep had significantly higher conception rate compared to the local sheep（P〈0.05）, and the lambing rate and twinning rate of the introduced sheep was increased by 43.5%（P〈0.01） and 3.41 fold（P〈0.01） compared to the local sheep,respectively; the introduced sheep had significantly lower lamb survival rate（P〈0.05） and extremely significantly higher difficult labor rate（P〈0.01） compared to the local sheep.[Conclusion]Bayannaoer multiparous sheep exhibits good growth adaptability in Korla City of Xinjiang. The results obtained in this study provide identify the feasibility of introduction of Bayannaoer multiparous sheep in Korla City of Xinjiang and have practical significance for guiding the hybridization and improvement of meat sheep.

The ethanol-acetic acid method was used to extract the α-solanine in peels, tubers and residues of potato, respectively.The content of α-solanine in different parts of potato was determined by standard addition method. The results showed that the content of α-solanine varied in different parts of potato, and the highest content of α-solanine was observed in potato peels followed by residues and tubers.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the meat quality of Awang sheep reared under the plateau environment and to compare their meat quality with other indigenous sheep landraces in Tibet. The indicators associated with meat quality of Awang sheep were determined in field and laboratory, and the normal nutritional components and amino acid content were compared with Duoma sheep. The results showed that the contents of 8 kinds of essential amino acids in Awang sheep meat were generally higher, the average value of total content of amino acids was 20.68 g/100 g; the total contents of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids were 8.75 g/100 g and 11.93 g/100 g, respectively, accounting for 42.31%and 57.69% of the total content of amino acids, respectively; the contents of protein, cholesterol, moisture and fat in Awang sheep meat were 22.01%, 30.81 mg/100 g, 73.03%, and 3.19 g/100 g, respectively, and the minerals content was also rich.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of compound plant essential oils（thymol7.3%, Origanum oil 10.0%） on growth performance and health of weaning piglets. A total of 160 healthy early-weaned piglets（Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire） of 28-day-old with similar body weight were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate. Pigs in the 4 groups were fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with compound plant essential oils 0 mg/kg（control group）, 80 mg/kg（group 1）, 120 mg/kg（group 2） and 150 mg/kg（group 3）, respectively. Feed intake, body weight and healthy status of the piglets were observed and recorded during the experimental period. The growth performance indicators（final boy weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed/gain ratio）, healthy indicators（diarrhea rate, death and culling rate）, and the intestinal mucosal permeability indicators（D-lactate, diamine oxidase） of different groups were calculated and statistically compared. The results showed that the final boy weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake of group 2 and group 3 were significantly elevated compared to the control group（P〈0.05）, while the feed/gain ratio was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）; the diarrhea rate as well as death and culling rate of the 3 experimental groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group（P〈0.05）; the plasma level of D-lactate and activity of diamine oxidase of the 3 experimental groups were extremely significantly or significantly decreased compared to the control group（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）, respectively. Taking the growth promoting effect and feeding cost together into consideration, the recommended supplementing amount of compound plant essential oils in basal diet of weaning piglets was 120 mg/kg.

Silage is rich in nutrition and is easy to prepare and store. With the development of wild animals rearing, there is an increasing demand for forage from the wild herbivorous animals in city zoo. Accordingly, the silage has potential to play an important role in the rearing of wild herbivorous animals. A field experiment on feeding effect of whole-plant corn straw silage on captive wild herbivorous animals was conducted. The results showed that the whole-plant corn straw silage was able to serve as forage for sika deer, wapiti, camel, yak, nylghau, alpacas, and other wild herbivorous animals; an adaptation period was needed when the silage was applied in the feeding of animals, and the adaptation period varied among different varieties of animals; corn silage intake was not observed in giraffe during the experimental period.

The probiotics are attracting increasing attention from researchers and are widely used in animal production. The application of probiotics in food animals has no toxic side effects, no drug resistance and no residue, indicating that it has a great prospect of development. Young stage is a very important physiological period for beef cattle growth. At this stage, the microbes from colostrum and the exogenous microbes simultaneously colonize in the gastrointestinal tract of calf and form a specific microbial community. The supplementation of probiotics in calf diet facilitates the construction of the dominant microflora in digestive system, which is beneficial to the growth and development of calf. Here, we introduced the definition and classification of probiotics and the characteristics of growth and development of calf, summarized the research progress on the mechanism of action of probiotics in the digestive tract of ruminants, and reviewed the application of probiotics in calf production.

Lactic acid bacteria（LAB） belong to the gram positive and facultative anaerobic bacteria, which can produce lactic acid, digestive enzymes and other active factors. These factors are able to maintain the balance of intestinal flora, improve the immunological function of host, and promote the digestive efficiency of nutrients. Therefore, LAB has become a common microbial feed additive and is widely used in animal production. This article summarizes the biological characteristics of LAB and introduces its application in animal nutrition, in hoping to provide theoretical basis for the experimental research and production practice of animal nutrition.

β-cryptoxanthin has the functions such as antioxidant defense and intercellular communication, while its most important function in vivo is to involve the synthesis of vitamin A as a precursor. In vitro animal models and human studies have shown that the β-cryptoxanthin derived from food has higher biological utilization ratio than α-carotene and β-carotene. In recent years, more and more studies at home and abroad are focusing on β-carotene, while the reports on β-cryptoxanthin were limited. In this article, the structure, composition and biological functions of β-cryptoxanthin are summarized,in hoping to provide useful information for better understanding of carotenoids.

The contents of conventional nutritional components of ten commercially available lamb complete pelleted diets most frequently sold in a city of northern Shaanxi were determined and statistically compared. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in contents of crude protein, crude fiber, total energy, phosphorus, crude ash, crude fat, and moisture between the ten diets（P〈0.01）, while no significant difference in content of calcium between the ten diets was observed（P〉0.05）.

In order to give an overview on nutritive value of some common forage grasses in desert steppe area of Maowusu Sandy Land, the samples of the forage grasses mainly observed in this region were collected in the four seasons, respectively, and their normal nutritional components were determined and statistically analyzed. In summer, there were complete varieties of forage grasses, higher grass yield, longer grazing duration, and higher grass nutritive value. Accordingly, the carbohydrates and proteins of the grass samples collected in summer were subjected to classification analysis by using Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system（CNCPS）. Furthermore, the existence of difference between the content of biodegradable protein（SCP） determined by CNCPS analysis method and the content of protein content（CP） evaluated by feed proximate analysis protocol was identified. The results showed that the dry matter rate of the main forage grasses in desert steppe area of Maowusu Sandy Land was observed to follow an elevating trend from spring to winter（P 〈0.05）; the protein content of the grasses varied greatly between the four seasons, except for Potentilla chinensis, it showed a gradually decreasing tendency in the other tested forage grasses from spring to winter; the neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ADF） were generally increased from spring to winter and expressed seasonal variations. The difference in SCP and CP were found in the samples of Achnatherum splendens, Leymus chinensis, Potentilla chinensis, Carex duriuscula, and Flos inulae collected in summer. The combined data suggest that the nutritional characterization of forage grasses using CNCPS is more accurate and detailed. Our results provide basic theoretical data for the scientific utilization of grassland.

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer application on the stem length and diameter of alfalfa planting in Horqin Sandy Land. To reveal the variation law of stem diameter and length of alfalfa, demonstrate the growth status of alfalfa and provide theoretical basis for fertilizer application in alfalfa planting, a field trial was conducted by setting different fertilizer amount and fertilization frequency. The results showed that the increased amount of fertilizer promoted the elongation growth of stem of the first-cut alfalfa, while its growth was inhibited by excessive fertilizer use. The increased fertilization frequency had no obvious effect on stem length of the second-cut alfalfa when the fertilizer amount ranged from 50 to 70 kg/667 m2. The average value of stem length and diameter of the three cuts of alfalfa was the second-cut 〉 the first-cut 〉 the third-cut and the first-cut 〉 the second-cut 〉 the third-cut, respectively, and the average value of stem length to diameter ratio of the three cuts of alfalfa was 186.68, 291.70 and 298.80, respectively. The fluctuation range of the stem diameter of the three cuts of alfalfa was 2.92-3.99 mm, 2.47-3.13 mm, 1.52-2.28 mm, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation between stem diameter and length.

In view of the present situation of the insufficient supply of herbage for livestock in winter in Dangxiong County of Tibet and the idle status of warm shed in warm seasons of this region, the comparative variety trial was conducted to evaluate the economic benefit of planning different varieties of herbage. Amongst the selected four varieties of herbage, including Avena sativa（Qinghai No.444 and Baiyan No.2）, Vicia sativa（Ganzi No.333） and Bassia rapa（landrace of Qushui County）, the Vicia sativa（Ganzi No.333） had the best planning economic benefit. The planting pattern and utilization method of Ganzi No.333 showed good operability. Furthermore, the Ganzi No.333 had higher nutritional value and had good feeding effect for livestock fattening.As a legume crop, the Vicia sativa variety of Ganzi No.333 is able to improve the local soil condition. The combined data suggest that Ganzi No.333 is a recommended herbage variety for warm shed planning. In conclusion, we propose a new application model for warm shed of livestock breeding in cold seasons and herbage planning in warm seasons, which provides a novel direction for the sustainable development of local animal husbandry economy.

According to the requirement of livestock production, the application scope, variety selection, yield index, soil preparation, sowing requirement, field management, harvest and other technical requirements of the technical regulation for the multiple cropping forage barley with oats were summarized based on a series of field trials. The specific measures and technical indexes in this technical regulation were determined, so as to provide technical support for the normalized, standardized,industrialized and large-scaled cultivation of multiple cropping forage barley with oats.

The main climate problems affecting the animal husbandry production in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia were investigated with statistical analysis method and comparative analysis method using the meteorological data and the historical literatures from1961 to 2017 collected by Meteorological Bureau of Evenki Autonomous Banner. The results showed that the weather in spring was changeable and characterized by windiness, rainless and cold wave, which affected the animal husbandry production in this region; the poor matching of water and heat in growing season was observed with higher interannual variation, which affected the yield of forage; in recent years, severe drought occurred frequently in the forage growing season,resulting in serious economic losses in animal husbandry production; the weather in winter was characterized by severe coldness and aridness, which was adverse to the overwintering of livestock; the affect of climate changing on animal husbandry production became aggravated, and the grassland degradation was serious in this region. Based on the problems mentioned above, the corresponding countermeasures were put forward.

Flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis mainly consist of baicalin, wogonin, baicalein and scutellarein, which have many physiological activities such as lipid-lowering, anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidant effects. In this paper, the main components, extraction technology and influencing factors of flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis are reviewed, in hoping to provide theoretical references for rational use of flavonoids in clinical practice.

Grass seed is the basic production material of grass-based animal husbandry and its quality has a direct impact on the development of modern animal husbandry economy and the effect of ecological environment protection. The quality of 255 grass seed samples in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2017 was evaluated. The results showed that the qualified rate was 54.9%, while34.1% of the samples were unqualified in moisture. Great attention should be paid to the quality of grass seed in this region and the regulation of the grass seed market should be strengthened, which is helpful to the healthy development of grass-based animal husbandry.

With focus on high-efficacy fattening and forage utilization improvement, the short-term goats fattening in pastoral area of northern Tibet where the forage supply is often insufficient is conducted with the way of ＂all in all out＂. After stress relief,the goats are immediately subjected to the treatment of deworming and stomach strengthening. The feeding and management measures such as immune castration for male goats, ovary extract for female goats, housing warmth retention, forage grass balancing, warm water ＋ soybean milk drinking, compound nutrients addition, ＂small amounts, high frequent＂ feeding way are taken, so as to achieve the goal of high-efficacy goats fattening in northern Tibet.

The key technology of centralized feeding and management of yak calves in Tibet was reviewed in this article, in hoping to provide references for yak farming enterprises, yak herdsmen and yak breeding cooperative organization.

The discipline construction standards have guiding, normalizing, evaluating and feedbacking effects on specialty construction. To establish the discipline construction standards is an important task for the construction of vocational education quality assurance system at the present stage. In order to promote the connotation construction and improve the employment quality of graduates of the specialty of feed and animal nutrition in higher vocational colleges, the discipline construction standards of this specialty are established and practiced in the following nine aspects： talent training investigation standard,employment position ability standard, talent training scheme, course standard, the teaching staff construction standard,experimental and practical training conditions standard, informational teaching standard, graduates occupational ability evaluation standard, and the teaching quality monitoring system standard.

In order to meet the requirements of different employers on practical ability of professional talents in veterinary medicine, the higher agricultural colleges and universities should improve the talent training quality in veterinary medicine by various ways, enhance the undergraduates′ practical skills continuously, and provide qualified personnel for the society. The comprehensive reforms and practices in the following aspects are carried out by College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University： the construction of professional practical teaching system, the construction of experimental conditions, the construction of in-campus and out-campus practice bases, and the practical teaching methods. Eventually, a set of compound applied talent training model suitable for the specialty of veterinary medicine has been established, which improves the undergraduates′ practical ability and innovative ability, and satisfied teaching effects are achieved.

As an important link of practical teaching, production practice is a process of applying basic theoretical knowledge in actual production for undergraduates. Taking the animal science major of Jilin Business and Technology College as an example,the practical strategy was adjusted, the practical steps were improved, and the practical thinking was innovated. Furthermore, the three steps of production practice, including planning, implementing and summarizing, were completely and systematically adjusted and improved. A complete production practice pattern was constructed and the ideal practice effect was achieved.

This article provides details on operation management mode, service characteristics, and operation features and guarantee of Ningxia Public Practice Training Center for Modern Farming Vocational Skills. Furthermore, the system of evaluation and assessment as well as reward and punishment for the operation of this center is also introduced, in hoping to provide references for promoting its sustainable development.

This article discussed the outstanding innovative biological science specialty construction program in local universities.According to the overall requirements of ＂people-oriented education, moral education first, ability first, and overall development＂,this program revisied the objectives of the talent training program in outstanding innovative biological science specialty. The personnel training model was improved, the curriculum system and teaching contents were optimized, the practical education as well as innovation and entrepreneurship education were strengthened, and the coordinated development of the undergraduates′knowledge, ability and quality were promoted.

The virus infectious diseases increasingly pose a great threat to the large-scale donkey farms which seriously affect the healthy development of domestic donkey industry. Some infectious diseases with clinical significance to donkeys such as horse rhinopneumonitis, infectious encephalomyelitis and viral arteritis, were introduced and reviewed in the aspects of pathogens characteristics, clinical manifestations, mainly used diagnostic methods, transmission routes, major prevention and control measures, and geographical distribution. In addition, the risk（or susceptibility） of these virus infectious diseases in a large-scale donkey farm was evaluated based on the literatures.

The present study reported the case of a 10-year-old male Chow Chow weighing 15 kg with suspected arthrolithiasis that presented with listlessness, inappetence, increased water intake, dry stool, increased urination, lying without movement, and ache of lower limb. The presence of swelling of intra-articular soft tissue of the extremities was observed by X-ray analysis; the blood routine examination demonstrated the elevated leukocyte count and the decreased blood platelet; increased serum level of AST and ALB as well as significantly increased serum level of uric acid was found by blood biochemical examination. A definite diagnosis of arthrolithiasis was made based on the above diagnostic results. The combined therapy of Chinese and Western medicine achieved a satisfactory effect.

A clinical case of sheep paratuberculosis was reported from the aspects of epidemiological investigation, clinical symptom, pathological changes, laboratory examination and differential diagnosis. Furthermore, the corresponding prevention and control measures were proposed, in hoping to provide references for the veterinarians and raising households.