Under the background of rural revitalization strategy, the high-quality development of grassland animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia is one of the important parts in implementation of thriving businesses of rural revitalization strategy. Therefore, increasing the farmers′ income and pursuing the thriving businesses of rural revitalization strategy are of significance for the high-quality development of grassland animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia. Under the background of rural revitalization strategy, on the basis of elaborating the current situation of the development of animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia, and focusing on the outstanding problems in the high-quality development of grassland animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia, countermeasures and suggestions such as promoting resource conservation, improving the livestock products supply capacity, enhancing the international competitiveness of livestock products, strengthening the brand construction of green livestock products, and perfecting the financial support system are put forward, in hoping to provide references for promoting the high-quality development of grassland animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia.

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the current situation and benefits of cashmere goat industry in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, and to provide references for accelerating the high-quality development of animal husbandry in this area. [Method] Taking Otog Banner, the main cashmere producing area of Ordos City, as the research object, and the relevant data of 100 herdsmen engaging in cashmere goat farming were obtained through household survey from the year of 2020 to 2022. The management structure and the cashmere goat farming structure of the local herdsmen were analyzed. Furthermore, the DEA analysis model was constructed to calculate the comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and scale returns of the herdsmen with less than 500 cashmere goats （small scale）, 500-699 cashmere goats （small and medium-sized scale）, 700-899 cashmere goats （medium scale）, 900-1 099 cashmere goats （medium and large-sized scale）, and above 1 100 cashmere goats （large scale）, respectively. [Result] The number of cashmere goats in this area showed an upward trend. Although the number of the other livestocks increased, it was far less than that of cashmere goats. The reproduction rate of reproductive female goats maintained a higher level, and the rate of twin goat kids was greatly increased. The combination of cashmere and meat production was the main mode of cashmere goat farming. The low age cashmere goats were used to produce fine cashmere, and the high age cashmere goats were mainly used to produce meat. The comprehensive efficiency of cashmere goat farming in Ordos City was at a low level, and the comprehensive utilization of infrastructure was insufficient. Under the current technology and management level, small scale herdsmen were more efficient in using the input resources, and their benefits were increased more significantly through improving the technology and management level. The average value of scale efficiency of large scale herdsmen was greater than that of pure technical efficiency, while the average value of scale efficiency of the other scale gradients was less than that of pure technical efficiency. Small scale herdsmen were more likely to improve the farming benefits by increasing input, while large scale herdsmen could obtain the optimal production benefits without the necessity for a further increase in factor input. [Conclusion] The cashmere goat industry in Ordos City has good development foundation, huge development potential and continuously improved production benefits, which exerts a great promotive role in increasing the income of local herdsmen. Households of different farming scales need to realize resource sharing by integrating resources, and to improve resource utilization by developing standardized farming. These measures can improve the cashmere goat farming benefits to a certain extent.

[Objective] The present study was conducted to understand the species and molecular genetic characteristics of ticks on body surface and in habitat of Tarim red deer （Cervus canadensis）. [Method] A total of 69 ticks were collected from body surface and habitat of Tarim red deer in a large scale farm in Yuli County of Xinjiang, China. Morphological observation and preliminary species identification were performed by stereomicroscope. PCR assays targeting on mitochondrial SSU rRNA gene and COX I gene were performed. The species of the obtained ticks was identified by sequence alignment of the two genes, and their molecular characteristics were analyzed by bioinformatics method. [Result] Morphological observation showed that all of the 69 ticks, including 37 females and 32 males, were identified as belonging to the genus Hyalomma. The SSU rRNA gene sequence of 63 ticks was successfully obtained. Based on the sequence alignment of SSU rRNA gene, 18 ticks were identified as Hyalomma detritum （H. detritum）, and all of them were the same sequence type designated as SCtype1 （n=18）; 45 ticks were identified as Hyalomma asiaticum （H. asiaticum） with 4 sequence types designated as SYtype1 （n=3）, SYtype2 （n=40）, SYtype3 （n=1） and SYtype4 （n=1）, respectively. The COX I gene sequence of 64 ticks was successfully obtained. Based on the sequence alignment of COX I gene, 24 ticks were identified as H. detritum with 2 sequence types designated as CCtype1 （n=22） and CCtype2 （n=2）, respectively; 40 ticks were identified as H. asiaticum with 5 sequence types designated as CYtype1 （n=25）, CYtype2 （n=7）, CYtype3 （n=4）, CYtype4 （n=3） and CYtype5 （n=1）, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that at SSU rRNA gene, the sequences of H. asiaticum formed an individual subgroup branch, and formed a large subgroup branch with those of other Hyalomma species; at COX I gene, the sequences of H. detritum and H. asiaticum formed an individual subgroup branch, while belonged to different subgroup branches with those of other genus in the family Ixodoidea. [Conclusion] The species of the ticks collected from body surface and habitat of Tarim red deer in Yuli County are H. asiaticum and H. detritum. Our results provide basic data for species distribution investigation and genetic evolution characterization of parasitic ticks in Cervidae animals.

[Objective] The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of virulence genes and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli （E. coli） isolated from horse milk in a farm in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, China. [Method] A total of 85 horse milk samples were collected and subjected to isolation, purification and staining microscopy for E. coli strains. The isolates were molecularly identified by PCR and sequencing of phoA gene and 16S rDNA. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out using K-B disk diffusion method. The presence of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes of the isolates were detected, and phylogenetic groups of the isolates were determined by PCR assay. The biofilm formation ability of the isolates was evaluated. [Result] Six strains of E. coli were isolated from the 85 horse milk samples, of which 3 strains were group A and 3 strains were group B1. All the 6 isolates were resistant to penicillin and tilmicosin, and harbored virulence genes of ibeB, yijP, mat, sodA and csgA. No antimicrobial resistance genes were detected. Four isolates exhibited biofilm formation ability. [Conclusion] The E. coli isolates from horse milk in the farm in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture had high-level resistance to penicillin and tilmicosin and carried a variety of virulence genes, suggesting certain potential pathogenic risks.

Silent information regulator 2-related enzyme 3 （SIRT3）, a member of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide （NAD⁺）-dependent histone deacetylase family, gets involved and plays important roles in energy metabolism, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Its regulatory roles are closely associated with the occurrence of several diseases. This paper reviews the regulatory mechanisms of downstream transcription factors of SIRT3 such as AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）, mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）, as well as the roles of SIRT3 in cardiovascular diseases, tumors and diabetes mellitus, in hoping to provide references for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.

Fatty liver is a metabolic disorder with high incidence in the perinatal period of dairy cows. This disease results in reductions in milk yield and average productive lifespan of dairy cows, seriously affects their subsequent production performance, and brings huge economic losses to the dairy farming industry. The application of metabonomics has become a hot technology in the study of dairy cow diseases, and can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the prevention and therapy of fatty liver in dairy cows. The research progress in application of metabonomics in screening biomarkers of fatty liver in dairy cows is reviewed, in hoping to give new insights into the rapid diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cow production.

[Objective] This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of compound ethanol extracts from Taraxacum mongolicum, Leonurus japonicus, Lonicera japonica and Forsythia suspensa on rumen bacterial flora in lactating Holstein dairy cows. [Method] A total of 24 lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly allocated to a control group （n=12） or an experimental group （n=12） by using a completely randomized experiment design. The control group fed a basal diet, and the experimental group fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.3% compound plant extracts of DM per cow per day. The experiment lasted for 75 days, including a 15-day pre-experiment and a 60-day formal experiment. On day 60 of the formal experiment, the rumen fluid samples were orally collected and the total DNA was extracted. The impacts of dietary supplementation of compound plant extracts on variation of rumen bacterial flora in dairy cows were evaluated by using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. [Result] The rumen microorganisms in the experimental group and the control group could be separated from each other at the OTU level. The α diversity index of rumen bacteria in the experimental group was not significantly （P>0.05） different from that in the control group. Dietary supplementation of compound plant extracts altered the relative abundance of 17 bacterial phyla in rumen in dairy cows to a certain extent, but no significant （P>0.05） differences were observed. At phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes accounted for the highest proportions in total rumen bacteria. At genus level, the relative abundance of rumen bacteria in the experimental group was not significantly （P>0.05） different from that in the control group, and the dominant bacteria were Prevotella 1 in both of the groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size （LEfSe） demonstrated that compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales in the experimental group was significantly （P<0.05） reduced, and that of Bifidobacteriaceae was significantly （P<0.05） elevated. [Conclusion] Dietary supplementation of 0.3% compound extracts from Taraxacum mongolicum, Leonurus japonicus, Lonicera japonica and Forsythia suspensa has regulatory effects on rumen bacterial flora in lactating Holstein dairy cows.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of selenium-rich mulberry leaf powder on slaughtering traits, physicochemical properties of muscle as well as contents of muscular fatty acids and selenium in Shannan white goats. [Method] A total of 30 gelded Shannan white goats aged 3 months were randomly assigned into a control group （n=15） or an experimental group （n=15）. The control group fed a basal diet, and the experimental group fed the same basal diet supplemented with 15% selenium-rich mulberry leaf powder. The experimental period was 60 days, including a 15-day pre-feeding experiment and a 45-day formal feeding experiment. At the end of the experiment, a slaughtering experiment was conducted to determine the indicators associated with slaughtering traits and physicochemical properties of muscle. In addition, the longissimus dorsi muscle of the goats were sampled, and the contents of fatty acids and selenium were evaluated. [Result] Dietary supplementation of selenium-rich mulberry leaf powder significantly （P<0.05） increased the muscular pH_{1 h} value and water loss rate. The experimental group had higher loin eye area and carcass weight in comparison to the control group, while no significant （P>0.05） differences were observed. A total of 19 fatty acids were determined in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the goats in both groups, including 5 saturated fatty acid （SFA） and 14 unsaturated fatty acid （NSFA）. The both groups had similar proportions of muscular SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid （MUFA） and polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） contents accounting for the total contents of fatty acids, which were approximately 28%, 67% and 5%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the content of muscular gamma-linolenic acid in the experimental group was significantly （P<0.05) higher, while the total contents of muscular fatty acids were significantly （P<0.05） lower. The experimental group had higher （P>0.05） content of muscular selenium than the control group. The content of muscular selenium in both of the experimental group （0.071 3 mg/kg） and the control group （0.066 0 mg/kg） reached the Shaanxi provincial food standard for selenium-containing meat. [Conclusion] Dietary supplementation of 15% selenium-rich mulberry leaf powder improves meat production, promotes selenium enrichment in muscle, and reduces carcass fat deposition in Shannan white goats to a certain extent. Due to the significantly increased muscular water loss rate, water losing should be avoided as much as possible during the goat meat storage and transportation.

Tea polyphenols （TP） are phenolic compounds in tea and belong to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. They play biological roles in antioxidation, anti-tumor, bacteriostasis, anti-virus, anti-radiation and anti-cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the compositions and physicochemical properties of TP are introduced, and the research progress on the signal pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of TP and their roles in the inflammatory response of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) are reviewed, in hoping to provide references for exploring the potential application value of TP in the prevention and treatment of dairy cow mastitis.

As a novel-type of safe and green feed additives, microecological preparations have been widely used in animal husbandry production. The research progress on the application of microecological preparations in livestock and poultry farming industry is reviewed, and the application potential of Parabacteroides as the next generation of new probiotic additive in animal husbandry is expounded, in hoping to provide insights into the research and development of new microecological preparations for livestock and poultry.

[Objective] The present study aimed to assess the effects of sex-sorted semen on quality and development of embryo in vivo as well as on the pregnancy rate of embryo transfer in dairy heifers. [Method] A total of 144 dairy heifers served as donors were randomly assigned into a control group （n=63） or an experimental group （n=81）. Follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） was used for superovulation treatment at dosage of 260 mg per heifer. The dairy heifers in the control group and the experimental group were artificially inseminated with normal and sex-sorted semen, respectively. The obtained fresh in vivo-derived sex-sorted embryos were transferred into the recipients. The embryo production, embryo quality, embryo development, and pregnancy rate of embryo transfer were statistically recorded. [Result] The mean number of transferable embryos obtained from the donors in the experimental group （5.67） was significantly （P<0.05） lower than that in the control group （6.92）. The proportions of A-grade embryos （62.53%） and B-grade embryos （35.29%） in the transferable embryos obtained from the donors in the experimental group did not significantly （P>0.05） differ from those in the control group （66.51% of A-grade embryos and 30.97% of B-grade embryos). The donors in the experimental group had a significantly （P<0.05） higher proportion of morula （84.10%） in the transferable embryos in comparison to the control group （61.24%）, while had a significantly （P<0.05） lower proportion of blastocyst （15.90%） compared with the control group （38.76%）. The pregnancy rate of fresh embryo transfer in the experimental group （52.41%） was significantly （P<0.05） lower than that in the control group （66.13%）. [Conclusion] Compared with the use of normal semen and embryo, the use of sex-sorted semen lowered the mean number of transferable embryos and the proportion of blastocyst in the transferable embryos of the donors, and that of sex-sorted embryo decreased the pregnancy rate of the recipients. However, the quality of transferable embryos had no significant reduction. Optimizing the use of sex-sorted semen and the embryo transfer technique can improve the efficiencies of in vivo sex-sorted embryo production and embryo transfer.

[Objective] The present study was conducted to assess the effects of FecB gene on lambing performance of Dorper sheep and Small Tail Han sheep crossbred ewes and production performance of their offsprings. [Method] The athwart cross fixed ewes produced by the crossbred sheep of Dorper rams and Small Tail Han ewes were used as the research objects. The FecB genotypes of different generations of the athwart cross fixed ewes were detected, and the lambing performance of those of varied FecB genotypes as well as the production performance of their offsprings were statistically compared. [Result] The genotypes of BB, B+ and ++ were observed in the F1, F2, F3 and F4 generations of the athwart cross fixed ewes, and the homozygous BB genotype frequency was elevated as the increase of generations of athwart cross fixation. The F1, F2 and F3 generations of the athwart cross fixed ewes of BB genotype had significantly （P<0.05） higher average litter size than their counterparts of B+ genotype, and the average litter size showed an upward trend as the increase of the BB genotype frequency. The average lambing rate of the F1 and F2 generations of the athwart cross fixed ewes was lower in comparison to that of the Small Tail Han ewes, while the F3 generation of the athwart cross fixed ewes had higher average lambing rate than the Small Tail Han ewes as well as the F1 and F2 generations of the athwart cross fixed ewes. In terms of the production performance of the neonatal offsprings, the birth weight of the offsprings produced by the F3 generation of the athwart cross fixed ewes of BB genotype was significantly （P<0.05） lower than that of the offsprings produced by their counterparts of B+ genotype, and no significant （P>0.05） differences in body height, body length and chest circumference were observed between them. In terms of the production performance of the weaned offsprings, the body weight, body length and chest circumference of the offsprings produced by the F3 generation of the athwart cross fixed ewes of BB genotype were not significantly （P>0.05） different from those of the offsprings produced by their counterparts of B+ genotype, while the former had significantly （P<0.05） lower body height than the later. [Conclusion] FecB gene significantly and favorably affects the lambing performance of the crossbred ewes of Dorper sheep and Small Tail Han sheep, and it has great application value in selection of polytocous ewes.

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the responses of forage oat yields to precipitation changes in varied growth periods under different precipitation year patterns, and to provide references for drought-resistant and high-efficient production of forage oats.[Method] A crop growth mechanism model of Agricultural Production Systems Simulator （APSIM） was employed. The historical meteorological data from the year of 1980 to 2009 of Youyu County, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province was taken as the baseline scenario. The growth periods of forage oats were divided into 4 stages, including stage 1 being from sowing to jointing, stage 2 being from jointing to heading, stage 3 being from heading to grain filling, and stage 4 being from grain filling to harvesting. A total of 12 new climate scenarios were established and simulated based on the typical climate conditions （drought, normal and wet) to reveal the influences of precipitation changes on forage oat yields. [Result] For the drought scenario （DS）, the yields and water use efficiency （WUE） were decreased by 38.0%-60.9% and 31.8%-16.9% （P<0.01） respectively compared with the baseline scenario, and the reduction range of the indicators in the stage of heading to grain filling was the lowest when the historical data were used. For the normal scenario （NS）, the changing range of the yields and WUE were -3.4%-20.0% and 0-10.0% respectively compared with the baseline scenario, and the indicators altered significantly （P<0.05） in the stages of jointing to heading and grain filling to harvesting when the historical data were used. For the wet scenario （WS）, the yields and WUE showed significant （P<0.01） elevations compared with the baseline scenario with increasing rate of 33.3%-60.5% and 6.8%-14.8%, respectively, and the precipitation changes in the stage of sowing to jointing had relatively markedly effects on the indicators （R²=0.377 7, P<0.01）. [Conclusion] The forage oat yields and WUE present insignificant sensitivity to the precipitation changes in the stage of grain filling to harvesting under the precipitation year patterns of drought, normal and wet. Under the precipitation year patterns of drought and normal, the yields are more sensitive to drought stress in the stage of heading to grain filling, while WUE is more sensitive to drought stress in the stages of jointing to heading and heading to grain filling. Under the precipitation year pattern of wet, the most sensitive period of the yields to drought stress is the stage of sowing to jointing. Under the limited irrigation conditions, the irrigation should be concentrated in the stage of heading to grain filling in which WUE demonstrates the most sensitivity to the precipitation changes.

[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the effects of alfalfa cultivating on soil available nitrogen content in different land uses and to assess the driven factors. [Method] A total of 28 published papers indexed in the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） were collected, and these papers included 31 groups of soil available nitrogen content data of alfalfa cultivating lands. With clear tillage as the control, the effects of alfalfa cultivating on the soil available nitrogen content of such land uses as pasture land, forest land, farmland, desert land and orchard land were assessed by using Meta-analysis. Furthermore, the mixed effect model was used to clarify the driven factors that contributed to the impacts of the meteorological factors as well as the soil physical and chemical properties on the mean effect size of soil available nitrogen content. [Result] Alfalfa cultivating extremely significantly （P<0.001） increased the soil available nitrogen content, and the mean effect size and increase range were 0.27±0.07 and 30.99%, respectively. The increase range of soil available nitrogen content for different land uses attributed to alfalfa cultivating from high to low was pasture land （P<0.001）, forest land （P<0.001）, farmland, desert land （P<0.001） and orchard land, which were 60.01%, 58.41%, 32.31%, 27.12% and 22.14%, respectively. The mean effect size of pasture land and forest land was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of farmland, desert land and orchard land. The mixed effect model-based analysis demonstrated that the soil moisture and available potassium content had significant （P<0.05） effects on the mean effect size, which could explain 47.81% and 17.46% of the effect size variation, respectively. [Conclusion] The effects of alfalfa cultivating on soil available nitrogen content in different land uses exhibit a strong heterogeneity. Increasing soil moisture and available potassium content will help to enhance the nitrogen fixation capacity of alfalfa.

[Objective] The present study was conducted to establish a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for simultaneous determination of 8 fat-soluble vitamins （vitamin A, vitamin D₂, vitamin D₃, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol and vitamin K₁） and the natural pigment β-carotene in Mongolian traditional cheese. [Method] The cheese samples were extracted with absolute ethanol and then enzymatically hydrolyzed. After extraction with n-hexane and concentration by rotary evaporator, the products were redissolved and filtered. Subsequently, they were separated by Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18 chromatographic column （150 mm×4.6 mm, 4 μm） using the mobile phases of methanol and water （V/V=95∶5）. FLD and VWD were used as detectors, and the external reference method was used for quantification. [Result] The standard curves of vitamin A, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, vitamin K₁ and β-carotene all exhibited ideal linear relation in the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 μg/mL （R²>0.998）, and those of vitamin D₂ and vitamin D₃ had good linear relation in the concentration range of 0.05-1.00 μg/mL （R²>0.998）. [Conclusion] The established HPLC method has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, high sensitivity, high recovery rate and short detection time, which provides technical support for the rapid detection of multiple fat-soluble vitamins and natural pigments in Mongolian traditional dairy products.

[Objective] This study was conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline hydrochloride ultra-fine powder in ducks. [Method] Using the raw powder of chlortetracycline hydrochloride with ordinary particle size as material, the ultra-fine powder with particle size of 800 mesh was prepared by airflow grinding technology. Subsequently, by adding a certain amount of appropriate accessories, the soluble ultra-fine powder containing 20% chlortetracycline hydrochloride was prepared. The stability of the soluble ultra-fine powder was evaluated by influencing factor test and accelerated test. A total of 30 Shaoxing ducks aged 90 days were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: group A （n=10）, group B （n=10） or group C （n=10）, which were given a single dose of the chlortetracycline hydrochloride soluble powder [15 mg/（kg·BW）, calculated by chlortetracycline hydrochloride] prepared using raw materials with particle sizes of 60 mesh, 800 mesh (ultra-fine powder) and 80 mesh by oral gavage, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of the chlortetracycline hydrochloride soluble powder prepared with raw materials of different particle sizes in ducks were characterized and statistically compared. [Result] The prescription and technology of the soluble ultra-fine powder prepared using raw material with particle size of 800 mesh was stable and feasible, and the quality was proved to be reliable by stability test. The main pharmacokinetic characteristics of the chlortetracycline hydrochloride soluble powder prepared with raw materials of different particle sizes in ducks were as follows: the T_max in group B was significantly （P<0.05） faster than that in groups A and C; the AUC_0-t and C_max in group B were significantly （P<0.05) higher than those in groups A and C; the t_1/2 in group B was significantly （P<0.05） longer than that in groups A and C, while there was no significant （P>0.05） difference between groups A and C; the in vivo MRT in group B was significantly （P<0.05） longer than that in groups A and C. [Conclusion] When given the same dose of 15 mg/（kg·BW） of chlortetracycline hydrochloride in ducks, the soluble ultra-fine powder peaked in blood concentration at 1.5 hours post administration, indicating that it had superior absorption rate and effective blood concentration maintenance duration to the soluble powder prepared with raw materials of ordinary particle sizes. The pharmacokinetic data obtained in this study may provide references for the use of chlortetracycline hydrochloride in clinical treatment of animal diseases.

[Objective] This study was conducted to screen the Chinese medicinal herbs that have antibacterial and bactericidal actions against Rhodococcus equi （R. equi）. [Method] The aqueous extracts from each of the 8 kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs including Coptis chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Ficus hirta, Houttuynia cordata, Platycladus orientalis, Forsythia suspensa, Lonicera japonica and Isatis tinctoria were prepared, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） of the aqueous extracts from the Chinese medicinal herbs against reference strain 103S and clinical isolates of R. equi were determined using broth micro-dilution method and spread-plate method, respectively. [Result] The antibacterial and bactericidal actions of the aqueous extracts from different Chinese medicinal herbs against R. equi varied, and Coptis chinensis, Platycladus orientalis and Forsythia suspensa had significantly （P<0.05） better performance than the others. The use of different combinations of the aqueous extracts from Coptis chinensis, Platycladus orientalis and Forsythia suspensa exhibited stronger antibacterial and bactericidal actions against R. equi than their single use. The combinative use of Coptis chinensis and Forsythia suspensa showed an additive effect. [Conclusion] The Chinese medicinal herbs such as Coptis chinensis show antibacterial and bactericidal actions against R. equi, and the combinative use of these herbs have better performance than their single use, suggesting that these herbs have potential to be effective therapeutic drugs against infections caused by R. equi and even by other antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.

[Objective] This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different deworming drugs on blood biochemical indexes in Yili horses, and to provide references for their scientific deworming and healthy farming. [Method] A total of 40 1-year-old Yili horses with an average weight of （265.5±35.6） kg and similar birth dates were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 horses in each group, which were control group, experimental group Ⅰ, experimental group Ⅱ, experimental group Ⅲ and experimental group Ⅳ, respectively. Under the same feeding management and dietary nutrition level, on day 1 of the experiment, the horses in the experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were dewormed using ivermectin, praziquantel, albendazole as well as combination of ivermectin and albendazole, respectively, while those in control group received no deworming drugs. On day 14 of the experiment, blood samples of the horses were collected, and the plasma indexes of nitrogen metabolism, glucose and enzyme, lipid metabolism, and metal ion were determined. [Result] ① The experimental group Ⅲ had the lowest TP concentration, which was decreased by 8.16%, 7.15%, 4.98% and 6.62% respectively compared with that in control group as well as the experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ（P>0.05）. There was no significant （P>0.05） differences in the concentrations of ALB and UREA between the control group and the experimental groups, while the concentration of UREA in the experimental groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was decreased by 33.15% and 36.10% respectively compared with that in the control group （P>0.05）. ②The activity of ALT in the experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was reduced by 26.51%, 21.11%, 47.14% and 52.38% respectively in comparison to that in the control group（P>0.05）. The activity of ALP in the experimental group Ⅲ was lowered by 0.19% than that in the control group（P>0.05）. The experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ had significantly （P<0.05） higher activity of LDH compared with that in the control group, which was elevated by 17.84% and 13.51%, respectively, and the activity of AST was increased by 5.40% and 4.08% （P>0.05）, respectively. ③There were no significant （P>0.05） differences in concentrations of TG, CREA and UA between the control group and the experimental groups. The concentration of CREA in the experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ were elevated by 13.38% and 9.86% respectively compared with that in the control group （P>0.05）. The activity of CHE in the experimental group Ⅱ was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in the experimental group Ⅲ, which was increased by 17.70%. ④No significant （P>0.05） difference in concentration of Mg²⁺ between the control group and the experimental groups was observed. The lowest concentration of Ca²⁺ was found in the experimental group Ⅲ, which was reduced by 23.44%, 16.40%, 25.89% and 21.43% respectively compared with that in the control group （P<0.05）. [Conclusion] In general, deworming with the combinative administration of ivermectin and albendazole has better performance in improving the plasma indexes associated with nitrogen metabolism as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, and metabolic enzyme activity associated with liver function in Yili horses.

Toxoplasma gondii （T. gondii） and Neospora caninum （N. caninum） are intracellular parasitic protozoa with very similar morphological structure and biological characteristics. The diseases caused by these parasites pose serious harm to human and animal health. Development and screening of high-efficient and low-toxic drugs against T. gondii and N. caninum has long been one of the important directions in the research field of antiprotozoal drugs. Drug screening includes the experiments in vitro and in vivo, and the foundings of screening in vitro are the basis and foundation for selection in vivo. The recent advances in screening technology of drugs against T. gondii and N. caninum in vitro are reviewed, in hoping to provide references for the development of more efficient screening technology of drugs against these parasites in vitro.