不同寄主对草地贪夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.04.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确不同寄主对草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）生长发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】采用室内饲养观察的方法比较分析草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫取食玉米（Zea mays）、小麦（Triticum aestivum）、番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）等23种代表性作物，以及玉米田常见的牛筋草（Eleusin indica）、马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）、香附子（Cyperus rotundus）等8种杂草后的生长发育及幼虫化蛹情况。选取其中适合度较高的7种植物作为供试寄主，比较草地贪夜蛾的生长、发育和繁殖情况。【结果】以小麦、甘薯（Dioscorea esculenta）和番茄等16种植物为食的3龄幼虫能够完成幼虫阶段的生长发育并成功化蛹。甘薯、番茄、牛筋草、向日葵（Helianthus annuus）、冬枣（Ziziphus jujube）和猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis）是除玉米外取食生长适合度较高的寄主植物。其中，取食猕猴桃叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫历期最长，为19.30 d；取食向日葵叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫历期最短，为12.65 d。取食玉米叶片的幼虫，蛹重为170.53 mg，显著高于其他6种寄主植物（P<0.05），且蛹期最短（9.25 d）、羽化率最高（83.33%）；取食甘薯叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫各项指标与取食玉米叶片的幼虫最接近，蛹重为146.15 mg、蛹期为11.55 d、羽化率为58.33%。取食玉米叶片的草地贪夜蛾单雌产卵量为1 030粒，显著高于其他6种寄主植物（P<0.05）；取食甘薯叶片的草地贪夜蛾单雌产卵量次之，为892粒。【结论】草地贪夜蛾偏好选择玉米进行取食和产卵，但在甘薯、番茄、牛筋草、向日葵、冬枣和猕猴桃上可以实现种群繁衍，当其种群密度大时存在迁移扩散至其他作物的风险。

关键词: 草地贪夜蛾, 寄主适应性, 生长发育, 繁殖

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the effects of different hosts on the growth，development，and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda.【Methods】Using indoor feeding observation methods，the growth，development，and pupation of the 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda after feeding on 23 representative crops such as Zea mays，Triticum aestivum，and Solanum lycopersicum and 8 common weeds such as Eleusin indica，Portulaca oleracea，and Cyperus rotundus in corn fields were compared and analyzed. 7 plants with higher fitness were selected as the testing hosts to compare the growth，development，and reproduction of the S. frugiperda.【Results】The 3rd instar larvae fed on 16 plants including Triticum aestivum，Dioscorea esculenta，and Solanum lycopersicum，could complete the growth and development of the larval stage and successfully pupate. Dioscorea esculenta，Solanum lycopersicum，Eleusin indica，Helianthus annuus，Ziziphus jujube and Actinidia chinensis were the higher fitness hosts for feeding and growth except Zea mays. Among them，the larval stage of the S. frugiperda feeding on Actinidia chinensis leaves was the longest at 19.30 d，while the shortest was feeding on Helianthus annuus leaves at 12.65 d. The larvae feeding on Zea mays leaves had the pupal weight of 170.53 mg，significantly higher than the other six host plants（P<0.05），as well as the shortest pupa stage（9.25 d） and the highest emergence rate（83.33%）. The indexes of the S. frugiperda larvae feeding on Dioscorea esculenta leaves were the closest to the ones feeding on Zea mays leaves，with the pupa weight of 146.15 mg，the pupa stage of 11.55 d，and the emergence rate of 58.33%. The egg number per female of S. frugiperda fed on Zea mays leaves was 1 030，significantly higher than that of the other six host plants（P<0.05），followed by the one feeding on Dioscorea esculenta leaves at 892.【Conclusion】S. frugiperda preferred Zea mays for feeding and oviposition，but could achieve population reproduction on host plants such as Dioscorea esculenta，Solanum lycopersicum，Eleusin indica，Helianthus annuus，Ziziphus jujube and Actinidia chinensis. Risk of diversion to other crops existed when the population density was high.

Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, Host adaptability, Growth and development, Reproduction

中图分类号:

S433.4

魏佩瑶, 冯小军, 谢飞舟, 陈志杰, 王天舒, 赵世磊, 洪波. 不同寄主对草地贪夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2023, 51(4): 72-79.

WEI Peiyao, FENG Xiaojun, XIE Feizhou, CHEN Zhijie, WANG Tianshu, ZHAO Shilei, HONG Bo. Effects of different hosts on the growth，development and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2023, 51(4): 72-79.

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