增施有机肥和微生物菌肥对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.04

北方农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 37-45.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.04

增施有机肥和微生物菌肥对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响

赵晓宇¹, 陈广平², 苏二虎¹, 王雪娇¹, 刘坤雨¹, 高圆丽¹, 鄂丽丽², 唐存喜², 宏迪², 李强¹

1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031;
2.莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗 162850

收稿日期:2024-03-14 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-07-24
通讯作者: 李强（1982—）,男,研究员,博士,主要从事大豆育种与栽培的研究工作。
作者简介:赵晓宇（1992—）,男,助理研究员,博士,主要从事大豆育种与栽培的研究工作。
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（2021ZY0028,2022ZY0105）; 内蒙古自治区应用技术研究与开发资金项目（2021GG0374）; 内蒙古自治区科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目（2023JBGS0006）; 内蒙古自治区生物育种技术创新中心“寒地生物育种新品种选育及高产高效栽培技术研究”; 呼伦贝尔市科技计划项目（NC2022002,NC2022004）

Effects of increased application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on agronomic traits and yield of soybean

ZHAO Xiaoyu¹, CHEN Guangping², SU Erhu¹, WANG Xuejiao¹, LIU Kunyu¹, GAO Yuanli¹, E Lili², TANG Cunxi², HONG Di², LI Qiang¹

1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
2. Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner 162850,China

Received:2024-03-14 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-07-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明增施有机肥和微生物菌肥对内蒙古呼伦贝尔市大豆生长发育的影响及其产生的经济效益,同时为该地区大豆水肥管理提供参考。【方法】试验于2022—2023年在呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗开展,以蒙豆48号为供试材料,设置常规施肥（CK）、增施有机肥（OF）、增施微生物菌肥（MF）3种施肥处理,分析大豆生长性状、叶片SPAD值、干物质积累量与产量要素指标,并核算经济效益,计算增收增效。【结果】 OM处理大豆株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数均显著高于CK（P<0.05）,OM、MF处理大豆底荚高度显著低于CK（P<0.05）。大豆干物质积累量和叶片SPAD值变化规律均随着生育期的递进逐渐增加,处理间表现为OM>MF>CK,结荚期、鼓粒期和成熟期干物质积累量均表现为OM处理显著高于CK（P<0.05）,叶片SPAD值在大豆开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期均表现为OM处理显著高于CK（P<0.05）。两年间大豆单株荚数、单株粒重、百粒重、有效株数均表现为OM、MF处理显著高于CK（P<0.05）,且OM处理与MF处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）。大豆产量与单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、有效株数呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与全生育期、株高、主茎节数、干物质积累量、叶片SPAD值、百粒重呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与底荚高度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。两年间,OM处理大豆产量较CK分别增产625.70、599.60 kg/hm²,效益分别增加21.20%、19.30%;MF处理较CK分别增产375.80、237.10 kg/hm²,效益分别增加10.40%、3.80%。【结论】在内蒙古呼伦贝尔市,大豆增产增效的最佳施肥模式为在常规施肥基础上增施有机肥。

关键词: 大豆, 有机肥, 农艺性状, 干物质积累量, 产量, 经济效益

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to investigate the effects of increased application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on soybean growth and development in Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia and the economic benefits,and provided a reference for soybean water and fertilizer management in this area.【Methods】The experiment will be carried out in the Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulun Buir City from 2022 to 2023. Mengdou No. 48 was used as the test material,and three fertilization treatments were set up,conventional fertilization（CK）,increased application organic fertilizer（OF）,and increased application of microbial fertilizer（MF）,respectively. The experiment analyzed soybean growth traits,leaf SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and yield factor indexes,and calculated economic benefits,and calculated synergism and efficiency increase.【Results】The plant height,number of main stem nodes and effective branching number of soybean treated with OM were significantly higher than those treated with CK（P<0.05）,and the bottom pod height of soybean treated with OM and MF was significantly lower than that treated with CK（P<0.05）. The changes of dry matter accumulation and leaf SPAD value of soybean increased gradually with the progression of growth stage,and the performance was OM>MF>CK.Dry matter accumulation at podding stage,drumming stage and maturity stage was significantly higher under OM treatment than CK（P<0.05）. The leaf SPAD value of OM treatment was significantly higher than CK at flowering stage,podding stage and druming stage（P<0.05）. In the past two years,the number of pod per plant,grain weight per plant,100-grain weight and effective plant number of soybean in OM and MF treatment were significantly higher than those in CK（P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference between OM and MF treatment（P>0.05）. Soybean yield has a extremely significant positive correlation with number of pod per plant,number of seeds per plant,grain weight per plant and effective plant number（P<0.01）. Soybean yield was significantly positively correlated with whole growth period,plant height,number of main stem nodes,dry matter accumulation,leaf SPAD value and 100-grain weight（P<0.05）. Soybean yield was significantly negatively correlated with bottom pod height（P<0.05）. In the past two years,the soybean yield under OM treatment increased by 625.70 kg/hm² and 599.60 kg/hm² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 21.20% and 19.30%,respectively.In addition,MF treatment increased production by 375.80 kg/hm² and 237.10 kg/hm² compared with CK,and the benefit increased by 10.40% and 3.80%,respectively.【Conclusion】In Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia,the best fertilizer mode for increasing soybean yield and efficiency was to apply organic fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer.

Key words: Soybeans, Organic fertilizer, Agronomic traits, Dry matter accumulation, Yield, Economic benefit

中图分类号:

S565.1

赵晓宇, 陈广平, 苏二虎, 王雪娇, 刘坤雨, 高圆丽, 鄂丽丽, 唐存喜, 宏迪, 李强. 增施有机肥和微生物菌肥对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(2): 37-45.

ZHAO Xiaoyu, CHEN Guangping, SU Erhu, WANG Xuejiao, LIU Kunyu, GAO Yuanli, E Lili, TANG Cunxi, HONG Di, LI Qiang. Effects of increased application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on agronomic traits and yield of soybean[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(2): 37-45.

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增施有机肥和微生物菌肥对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of increased application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on agronomic traits and yield of soybean

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