北方农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 10-17.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.06.02

• 土壤肥料·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥减施与替代对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量品质的影响

杜二小1,2,3, 李焕春4, 任永峰1,2,3, 康文钦1, 郑娜1, 白红梅1, 赵逸雯1, 赵沛义1,2,3   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古自治区旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,内蒙古 武川 011705;
    4.辽宁农业职业技术学院,辽宁 营口 115007
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-16 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-02-19
  • 通讯作者: 赵沛义(1972—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事作物栽培与耕作学方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:杜二小(1990—),男,助理研究员,主要从事农田面源污染与作物栽培方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2022CXJJN10); 内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD009); 内蒙古农牧业科学院青年基金项目(2022QNJJN08)

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and substitution on potato field soil physicochemical properties,potato yield and potato quality

DU Erxiao1,2,3, LI Huanchun4, REN Yongfeng1,2,3, KANG Wenqin1, ZHENG Na1, BAI Hongmei1, ZHAO Yiwen1, ZHAO Peiyi1,2,3   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Science Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuchuan 011705,China;
    4. Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College,Yingkou 115007,China
  • Received:2023-10-16 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-02-19

摘要: 【目的】明确氮肥减施与替代对内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯农田土壤理化性状以及马铃薯产量、品质的影响。【方法】试验于内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院武川旱作试验站进行,设置平衡施肥(NPK,对照)、不施氮肥(PK)、减施氮肥(RN)、减施氮肥+水溶肥(RN+WF)、减施氮肥+腐熟羊粪有机肥(RN+SM)、减施氮肥+生物有机肥(RN+BM)、减施氮肥+缓释尿素(RN+RUN)7个处理,分析减施氮肥与不同肥料配施替代部分氮肥对马铃薯农田土壤容重、总孔隙度、速效养分、有机质以及马铃薯产量、品质的影响。【结果】RN+BM处理土壤容重、总孔隙度显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);RN+RUN处理可显著提高10~20 cm土层土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量(P<0.05),分别较NPK处理提高1.62%、2.38%、1.54%;RN+BM处理0~10 cm土层土壤有机质含量提升最明显,较NPK处理提高2.45%;RN+BM处理可显著提高马铃薯产量和品质(P<0.05),产量较NPK处理提高16.95%,VC、淀粉、粗蛋白和还原性糖含量较NPK处理分别提高15.92%、2.96%、16.26%和6.67%,硝酸盐含量降低7.89%。【结论】减施氮肥+生物有机肥处理能有效改善马铃薯农田土壤理化性状、提高马铃薯产量和品质,是内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯种植适宜的施肥模式。

关键词: 马铃薯, 氮肥减施, 土壤理化性状, 产量, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】To assess the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and substitution on potato field soil physicochemical properties,potato yield and potato quality in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Wuchuan dryland experiment station of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences. Seven treatments were set up,including conventional fertilization(NPK,CK),no nitrogen fertilization(PK),reduced nitrogen fertilization(RN),reduced nitrogen fertilization+water-soluble fertilizer(RN+WF),reduced nitrogen fertilization+decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer(RN+SM),reduced nitrogen fertilization+bio-organic fertilizer(RN+BM),and reduced nitrogen fertilization+controlled release urea(RN+RUN). The impacts of reduced nitrogen fertilization and partial substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with different fertilizers on soil bulk density,total porosity,available nutrients,organic matter as well as potato yield and quality were evaluated.【Results】The soil bulk density and total porosity of RN+BM treatment were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatments. In comparison with NPK treatment,RN+RUN treatment significantly (P<0.05) elevated the available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content in the 10-20 cm soil layer by 1.62%,2.38% and 1.54%,respectively. RN+BM treatment had the highest increase of organic matter content in the 0-10 cm soil layer,with an increase of 2.45% compared with NPK treatment. RN+BM treatment significantly (P<0.05) improved the potato yield and quality. In comparison with NPK treatment,the potato yield improved by 16.95%,VC,starch,crude protein and reducing sugar content increased by 15.92%,2.96%,16.26% and 6.67% respectively,and nitrate content decreased by 7.89%.【Conclusion】Reduced nitrogen fertilization+bio-organic fertilizer effectively improved potato field soil physicochemical properties,improved potato yield and quality,was the suitable fertilization pattern for potato cultivation in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Potato, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Soil physicochemical properties, Yield, Quality

中图分类号: 

  • S532.062