大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕农田微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术创新与应用

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.12

北方农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 107-114.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.12

• 农业生态环境·农业气象 • 上一篇下一篇

大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕农田微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术创新与应用

张向前^1,2, 师晶晶³, 戎美仁^1,2,4, 路战远^1,2,3, 任永峰^1,2, 程玉臣^1,2, 张德健³, 孟天天^1,2, 郝楠森⁵

1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031;
2.农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031;
3.内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010021;
4.内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018;
5.呼伦贝尔市农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021000

收稿日期:2023-12-15 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-07-24
通讯作者: 路战远（1964—）,男,研究员,博士,博士生导师,主要从事保护性耕作和农田生态研究工作。
作者简介:张向前（1984—）,男,研究员,博士,主要从事土壤耕作与农业生态方面的研究工作。
基金资助:
内蒙古科技重大专项（ZDZX2016014）; 内蒙古科技计划项目（2021GG064）

Innovation and application of wind inhibition and erosion reduction technology for micro ripper covering of plough farmland in the black soil region along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains

ZHANG Xiangqian^1,2, SHI Jingjing³, RONG Meiren^1,2,4, LU Zhanyuan^1,2,3, REN Yongfeng^1,2, CHENG Yuchen^1,2, ZHANG Dejian³, MENG Tiantian^1,2, HAO Nansen⁵

1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
2. Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010031,China;
3. College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;
4. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;
5. Hulun Buir Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Hulun Buir 021000,China

Received:2023-12-15 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-07-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大兴安岭沿麓是我国重要的农畜产品生产基地,由于长期过度耕作和单一翻耕等不合理的耕作方式,加速了该地区农田风蚀退化、质量下降和产能降低,因此,减少土壤风蚀、提升农田地力和作物产量是农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。文章综述了不同类型生态区传统翻耕、长期免耕、合理轮耕技术及其应用效果,论述了翻耕地微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀核心技术的内容及其对土壤风蚀、蓄水保墒、作物生长与产量等方面的影响,明确了微立垡覆盖是大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕地冬春季风蚀防控的关键技术和途径。翻耕地微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术大面积应用效果显著,破解了长期以来翻耕农田裸露风蚀重、水土流失损失大导致农田逐步退化的科技难题,为大兴安岭沿麓及其生态类型相似区翻耕农田风蚀防控研究提供了重要支撑。

关键词: 大兴安岭沿麓, 黑土区, 翻耕农田, 微立垡覆盖, 阻风减蚀技术

Abstract: The foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains is an important production base of agricultural and livestock products in China.For a long time,unreasonable tillage methods such as excessive tillage and single tillage have accelerated the degradation of farmland wind erosion,quality decline,and reduced production capacity.Therefore,reducing soil wind erosion,improving farmland fertility and crop yield are urgent issues that need to be addressed for sustainable agricultural development.In this article,the techniques and application effects of traditional tilling,long-term no-tilling and rational rotation in areas of different ecological types were reviewed,and the content of core techniques of wind resistance and erosion reduction for micro ripper covering were discussed,as well as their effects on soil wind erosion,water retention and crop growth and yield. It was clarified that micro ripper covering is a key technology and approach for wind erosion prevention and control in winter and spring in the black soil region along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains,and the application in large areas has been effective,which solves the scientific and technological problems of the gradual degradation of farmland caused by heavy exposed wind erosion and heavy soil and water loss for a long time. It provides significant support for wind erosion prevention and control of plowed farmland along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains and its similar ecological types.

Key words: The foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains, Black soil region, Plough farmland, Micro ripper covering, Technologies for wind resistance and erosion reduction

中图分类号:

S341

张向前, 师晶晶, 戎美仁, 路战远, 任永峰, 程玉臣, 张德健, 孟天天, 郝楠森. 大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕农田微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术创新与应用[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(2): 107-114.

ZHANG Xiangqian, SHI Jingjing, RONG Meiren, LU Zhanyuan, REN Yongfeng, CHENG Yuchen, ZHANG Dejian, MENG Tiantian, HAO Nansen. Innovation and application of wind inhibition and erosion reduction technology for micro ripper covering of plough farmland in the black soil region along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(2): 107-114.

参考文献

[1] 韩晓增,邹文秀.东北黑土地保护利用研究足迹与科技研发展望[J].土壤学报,2021,58(6):1341-1358.
[2] 张光辉,杨扬,刘瑛娜,等.东北黑土区土壤侵蚀研究进展与展望[J].水土保持学报,2022,36(2):1-12.
[3] 胡毅鸿,龚道溢,毛睿,等.北方农牧交错带春季风速年际变化的影响因子分析[J].高原气象,2020,39(3):651-661.
[4] 徐英德,裴久渤,李双异,等.东北黑土地不同类型区主要特征及保护利用对策[J].土壤通报,2023,54(2):495-504.
[5] 崔文华,辛亚军,于彩娴.呼伦贝尔市大兴安岭东麓黑土区土壤侵蚀研究[J].土壤,2005(4):439-446.
[6] 王世豪,徐新良,曹巍.2000—2020年东北黑土地土壤侵蚀时空演化特征[J].资源科学,2023,45(5):951-965.
[7] 薛娴,王涛,吴薇,等.中国北方农牧交错区沙漠化发展过程及其成因分析[J].中国沙漠,2005(3):320-328.
[8] 敖曼,张旭东,关义新.东北黑土保护性耕作技术的研究与实践[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(10):1203-1215.
[9] 孔祥斌,陈文广,党昱譞.中国耕地保护现状、挑战与转型[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2023,52(5):31-41.
[10] 韩晓增,李娜.中国东北黑土地研究进展与展望[J].地理科学,2018,38(7):1032-1041.
[11] 李胜龙,李和平,林艺,等.东北地区不同耕作方式农田土壤风蚀特征[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(4):110-118.
[12] 蒋发辉,钱泳其,郭自春,等.基于Meta分析评价东北黑土地保护性耕作与深耕的区域适宜性:以作物产量为例[J].土壤学报,2022,59(4):935-952.
[13] 路战远,宋小琴,张德健,等.内蒙古保护性耕作技术发展现状和有关问题的思考[J].内蒙古农业科技,2009(6):1-3.
[14] 梁爱珍,张延,陈学文,等.东北黑土区保护性耕作的发展现状与成效研究[J].地理科学,2022,42(8):1325-1335.
[15] FRØSLEV T G,NIELSEN I B,SANTOS S S,et al.The biodiversity effect of reduced tillage on soil microbiota[J].Ambio,2022,51(4):1022-1033.
[16] MUÑOZ-ROJAS M,ABD-ELMABOD K S,ZAVALA M L,et al.Climate change impacts on soil organic carbon stocks of mediterranean agricultural areas:A case study in northern Egypt[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2017,238(1):142-152.
[17] 李瑞平. 吉林省半湿润区不同耕作方式对土壤环境及玉米产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2021.
[18] 蔡红光,梁尧,刘慧涛,等.东北地区玉米秸秆全量深翻还田耕种技术研究[J].玉米科学,2019,27(5):123-129.
[19] 张佳倩,李福,孙峰成,等.秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式对玉米田土壤物理性状的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2022,44(3):759-772.
[20] 徐莹莹,王俊河,刘玉涛,等.秸秆不同还田方式对土壤物理性状、玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2018,26(5):78-84.
[21] 马星竹,边道林,郝小雨,等.不同耕作措施对东北玉米农田土壤物理性质的影响[J].土壤与作物,2022,11(1):54-61.
[22] 贾凤梅,张淑花,魏雅冬.不同耕作方式下玉米农田土壤养分及土壤微生物活性变化[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(5):112-117.
[23] 史东梅,金慧芳,蒋光毅.土壤侵蚀对坡耕地耕层质量退化作用及其评价趋势展望[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(18):118-126.
[24] 史志华,刘前进,张含玉,等.近十年土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究进展与展望[J].土壤学报,2020,57(5):1117-1127.
[25] TAGAR A,ADAMOWSKI J,MEMON M,et al.Soil fragmentation and aggregate stability as affected by conventional tillage implements and relations with fractal dimensions[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2020,197:104494.
[26] KATRA I.Soil erosion by wind and dust emission in semi-arid soils due to agricultural activities[J].Agronomy,2020,10(1):89.
[27] YANG C,GENG Y,FU Z X,et al.The effects of wind erosion depending on cropping system and tillage method in a semi-arid region[J].Agronomy,2020,10(5):732.
[28] 杨思存,王成宝,霍琳,等.不同耕作措施对甘肃引黄灌区耕地土壤有机碳的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(2):114-121.
[29] DEVINE S,MARKEWITZ D,HENDRIX P,et al.Soil aggregates and associated organic matter under conventional tillage,no-tillage,and forest succession after three decades[J].PLoS One,2017,9(1):e84988.
[30] 朱寒松. 模拟翻耕扰动对黑土有机碳和微生物学性质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2022.
[31] HALVORSON A,WIENHOLD B,BLACK A.Tillage,nitrogen,and cropping system effects on soil carbon sequestration[J].Soil Science Society of American Journal,2002,66:906-912.
[32] CHEN L F,HE Z B,ZHU X,et al.Impacts of afforestation on plant diversity,soil properties,and soil organic carbon storage in a semi-arid grassland of northwestern China[J].Catena,2016,147:300-307.
[33] 刘选伟,王景立.保护性耕作在我国西北地区的应用现状及展望[J].农业与技术,2013,33(12):210-211.
[34] DERPSCH R.Why do we need to standardize no-tillage research?[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2014,137:16-22.
[35] KAN Z R,LIU W X,LIU W S,et al.Mechanisms of soil organic carbon stability and its response to no-till:A global synthesis and perspective[J].Global Change Biology,2022,28(3):693-710.
[36] LI Y Z,SONG D P,LIANG S H,et al.Effect of no-tillage on soil bacterial and fungal community diversity:A mete-analysis[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2020,204:104721.
[37] 鲁悦,鲍雪莲,霍海南,等.免耕条件下不同量秸秆覆盖还田提高东北黑土区玉米光合性能和产量的效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2023,29(5):840-847.
[38] 鄢慧芳. 不同耕作方式对土壤结构及作物产量的影响研究进展[J].宁夏农林科技,2023,64(3):30-32.
[39] 孔凡磊,张明园,范士超,等.耕作方式对长期免耕农田土壤微生物生物量碳的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):240-245.
[40] 肖美佳,张晴雯,董月群,等.免耕对土壤微生物量碳影响的Meta分析[J].核农学报,2019,33(4):833-839.
[41] 宋霄君,吴会军,武雪萍,等.长期保护性耕作可提高表层土壤碳氮含量和根际土壤酶活性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(6):1588-1597.
[42] 孔凡磊,陈阜,张海林,等.轮耕对土壤物理性状和冬小麦产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):150-155.
[43] 时玉强. 浅谈轮耕对土壤物理性状和冬小麦产量的影响[J].中国农业信息,2016(22):76.
[44] 李娟,李军,程科,等.渭北旱塬玉米田保护性轮耕土壤固碳效果与增产增收效应[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):104-111.
[45] 张元红. 渭北旱地麦玉轮连作田长期土壤轮耕固碳蓄水增产效应及其机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2023.
[46] 于琦,李军,周栋,等.不同降水年型黄土旱塬冬小麦免耕与深松轮耕蓄墒增收效应[J].中国农业科学,2019,52(11):1870-1882.
[47] 郭书亚,尚赏,张艳,等.不同轮耕方式与生物炭用量对潮土区玉米产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2023,51(3):271-277.
[48] 张飞,赵明,张宾.我国北方保护性耕作发展中的问题[J].中国农业科技导报,2004(3):36-39.
[49] 王淑兰,王浩,李娟,等.不同耕作方式下长期秸秆还田对旱作春玉米田土壤碳、氮、水含量及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1530-1540.
[50] 关卫东,刘春霖,秦强,等.浅谈保护性耕作应用现状与发展趋势[J].现代农业研究,2023,29(8):147-150.
[51] 吴才武,夏建新.保护性耕作的水土保持机理及其在东北黑土区的推广建议[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(2):254-260.
[52] 王岩. 耕作方式对华北寒旱区燕麦生长及土壤性状影响的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2014.
[53] 王岩,张立峰,刘玉华,等.地表覆被因子对华北寒旱区土壤抗风蚀力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):65-70.
[54] 张向前,路战远,张德健,等.北方农牧交错区风蚀退化农田地力至损与培育研究[J].北方农业学报,2019,47(6):73-78.
[55] 张成泽. 秸秆覆盖条耕缓混施肥对旱作区土壤水热及玉米产量形成的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2022.
[56] HERNÁNDEZ B D T,SLATER K B,CORBALÁ T R,et al.Assessment of long-term tillage practices on physical properties of two Ohio soils[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2019,186:270-279.
[57] 刘爽,张兴义.不同耕作方式对黑土农田土壤水分及利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):126-131.
[58] 邵运辉,吕军杰,李俊红,等.长期免耕覆盖对旱地小麦-玉米周年产量及水分利用的影响[J].河南农业科学,2020,49(12):17-23.
[59] 陈源泉,隋鹏,高旺盛.不同方法对保护性耕作的生态评价结果对比[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):80-87.
[60] 邬小春,马向峰,杨晓军,等.不同耕作方式对西北地区春玉米土壤物理性状及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2020,28(3):127-134.
[61] 郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.不同耕作方式对土壤水热变化的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(5):11-15.
[62] 王淑兰. 基于长期保护性轮耕的黄土旱塬春玉米田土壤蓄水培肥增产效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2021.

大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕农田微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术创新与应用

Innovation and application of wind inhibition and erosion reduction technology for micro ripper covering of plough farmland in the black soil region along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 2

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	张连云王璐窦杰凤. 陈巴尔虎旗黑土区小麦施肥指标体系的建立[J]. 北方农业学报, 2014, (1): 56-56.
[2]	林艳玲崔文华. 大兴安岭岭东黑土区农业生态环境与土地生产力的演化[J]. 北方农业学报, 2006, (2): 51-51.