北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 15-24.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.05.02

• 作物遗传育种·作物栽培 • 上一篇    下一篇

河套灌区盐碱地带状复合种植对大豆生长发育及产量的影响

赵晓宇1, 刘坤雨1, 高圆丽1, 王雪娇1, 杜二小1, 吴娟1, 李玮2, 董宇恒1, 苏二虎1, 李强1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010052
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 李 强(1982—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事作物育种与栽培方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:赵晓宇(1992—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事作物育种与栽培方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技创新重大项目(2023ZD0403502); 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301804); 内蒙古自治区科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023JBGS0006); 内蒙古自治区水利科技专项(NSK202202); 内蒙古自治区大豆现代农牧业产业技术体系(RO2400002797); 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZY0136); 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2025QNJJN05,2025QNJJN03)

Effects of strip intercropping on soybean growth,development,and yield in saline-alkali land of Hetao Irrigation District

ZHAO Xiaoyu1, LIU Kunyu1, GAO Yuanli1, WANG Xuejiao1, DU Erxiao1, WU Juan1, LI Wei2, DONG Yuheng1, SU Erhu1, LI Qiang1   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Water Conservancy Research Institute,Hohhot 010052,China
  • Received:2025-02-10 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2026-01-20

摘要: 【目的】 明确内蒙古河套灌区盐碱地带状复合种植对大豆生长发育及产量的影响,以提高盐碱耕地利用率。【方法】 2023—2024年在内蒙古巴彦淖尔市开展玉米大豆带状复合种植试验(4行玉米+4行大豆),大豆品种为黑农81、蒙科豆15、蒙科豆25、绥农71(18万株/hm2),分析盐碱地带状复合种植下不同大豆品种的农艺性状、光合物质产能、品质及产量的变化规律,探明盐碱地带状复合种植对大豆生长发育的影响。【结果】 两年间,蒙科豆15的株高最高,分别为107.50、104.77 cm,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);底荚高度最低,分别为11.33、11.58 cm,显著低于其他品种(P<0.05);单株有效荚数最高,分别为15.24、15.85个。两年间,不同大豆品种叶片SPAD值表现为随着大豆生育期的递进逐渐增加,在大豆鼓粒期—成熟期达到最高,且蒙科豆15显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),分别为42.83、43.23;叶面积指数随生育期的递进表现为先升高后降低的变化规律,在鼓粒期(R6)达到最大值,且蒙科豆15显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),分别为3.31、3.41;干物质积累量变化表现为随着生育期的递进逐渐增加,在成熟期(R8)达到最大值,且蒙科豆15显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),分别为940.21、945.37 g/m2;绥农71的蛋白质含量最高,分别为39.98%、40.21%;蒙科豆15的脂肪含量和蛋脂总量最高,分别为22.58%、22.67%和58.73%、58.26%;大豆产量表现为蒙科豆15高于其他品种,分别为1.53、1.59 t/hm2。相关性分析表明,大豆产量与SPAD值和干物质积累量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.97、0.96;与底荚高度呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),相关系数为-0.87。【结论】 内蒙古河套灌区盐碱地带状复合种植对大豆SPAD值和干物质积累量有显著影响,进而影响了大豆产量,其中蒙科豆15农艺性状和产量表现最佳,适宜在该地区进行玉米大豆带状复合种植。

关键词: 河套灌区, 盐碱地, 带状复合种植, 大豆, 农艺性状, 品质, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the effects of strip intercropping in saline-alkali land of the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia,on soybean growth,development,and yield,thereby improving the utilization rate of saline-alkali cultivated land. 【Methods】 A maize-soybean strip intercropping experiment(4 rows of maize+4 rows of soybean)was conducted in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia,from 2023 to 2024 using four soybean varieties—Heinong 81,Mengkedou 15,Mengkedou 25,and Suinong 71(180 000 plants/hm2)to analyze the variation patterns of agronomic traits,photosynthate production capacity,quality,and yield among different soybean varieties under saline-alkali land strip intercropping conditions,aiming to determine the effects of strip intercropping in saline-alkali land on soybean growth and development.【Results】 Over the two years,Mengkedou 15 exhibited the highest plant height(107.50 and 104.77 cm,respectively),was significantly higher than that of the other varieties(P<0.05);the lowest pod height was the shortest(11.33 and 11.58 cm,respectively),was significantly lower than that of the other varieties(P<0.05);the effective pod number per plant was the highest(15.24 and 15.85 pods,respectively). Over the two years,leaf SPAD values of the different soybean varieties gradually increased as the soybean growth stage progressed,reaching their maximum at the full seed to full maturity stage,with Mengkedou 15 being significantly higher than the other varieties(P<0.05),measuring 42.83 and 43.23,respectively. The leaf area index showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing as the growth stage progressed,reaching its maximum at the full seed(R6)stage,with Mengkedou 15 significantly higher than the others(P<0.05),measuring 3.31 and 3.41,respectively. Dry matter accumulation gradually increased as the growth stage advanced,peaking at the full maturity(R8)stage,with Mengkedou 15 being significantly higher than the others(P<0.05),measuring 940.21 and 945.37 g/m2,respectively. Suinong 71 had the highest protein content(39.98% and 40.21%). Mengkedou 15 had the highest fat content(22.58% and 22.67%)and total protein and fat content(58.73% and 58.26%). Soybean yield was highest for Mengkedou 15(1.53 and 1.59 t/hm2,respectively). Correlation analysis showed that soybean yield was highly significantly positively correlated with SPAD value and dry matter accumulation(P<0.01),with correlation coefficients of 0.97 and 0.96,respectively,and significantly negatively correlated with the lowest pod height(P<0.05),with a correlation coefficient of -0.87.【Conclusion】 Strip intercropping in saline-alkali land of the Hetao Irrigation District significantly affects soybean SPAD value and dry matter accumulation,consequently affecting soybean yield. Among the tested varieties,Mengkedou 15 showed the best performance in agronomic traits and yield and is suitable for maize-soybean strip intercropping in this region.

Key words: Hetao Irrigation District, Saline-alkali land, Strip intercropping, Soybean, Agronomic traits, Quality, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S565.1