北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 1-10.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.03.01

• 作物栽培·土壤肥料 •    下一篇

秸秆还田与地膜覆盖对绿豆水分利用效率及产量的影响

范雅芳1, 刘剑2, 陈文晋1, 贺小勇1, 程玉臣1, 孔庆全1, 高学峰3, 郭建兵4   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 植物保护研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古农业大学 职业技术学院,内蒙古 萨拉齐 014109;
    3.丰镇市农牧和科技局,内蒙古 丰镇 012199;
    4.和林格尔县农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古 和林格尔 011500
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-10-24
  • 通讯作者: 贺小勇(1969—),男,研究员,硕士,主要从事食用豆类栽培育种的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:范雅芳(1992—),女,助理研究员,博士,主要从事食用豆类栽培育种的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家食用豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-08-Z06); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN03054); 内蒙古自治区农牧业创新基金项目(2024QNJJNO5); 2023年度引进人才科研启动支持经费(RO2400002411)

Effects of straw returning and plastic film mulching on water use efficiency and yield of mung bean

FAN Yafang1, LIU Jian2, CHEN Wenjin1, HE Xiaoyong1, CHENG Yuchen1, KONG Qingquan1, GAO Xuefeng3, GUO Jianbing4   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Salaqi 014109,China;
    3. Fengzhen Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences and Technology Bureau,Fengzhen 012199,China;
    4. Horinger Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Horinger 011500,China
  • Received:2024-12-09 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-10-24

摘要: 【目的】明确秸秆还田与地膜覆盖对绿豆水分利用效率及产量的影响。【方法】以绿豆品种蒙科绿4号为试验材料,设置秸秆还田配合地膜覆盖(SP)、单独秸秆还田(S)、单独地膜覆盖(P)、秸秆不还田地膜不覆盖(NSP,CK)4个处理,分析秸秆还田与地膜覆盖对土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量、土壤蓄水量以及绿豆水分利用效率、根系构型和产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】SP处理下,土壤容重显著低于其他处理(P<0.05),收获后与NSP处理相比降低11.89%;土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量和土壤蓄水量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),收获后与NSP处理相比分别增加6.48个百分点、5.20个百分点和13.29%。SP处理下,绿豆根系构型指标、植株干物质量和产量相关指标均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),其中,绿豆总根长、总根表面积和总根体积分别较NSP处理提高42.02%、28.04%、22.63%,绿豆水分利用效率、植株干物质量、单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒质量和产量分别较NSP处理提高27.72%、40.68%、14.82%、11.72%、19.19%、24.08%。【结论】与单独秸秆还田或者地膜覆盖相比,秸秆还田配合地膜覆盖能够显著改善土壤物理性质、增加土壤蓄水保墒能力,促进绿豆根系生长发育、增加植株干物质量、提高绿豆产量和水分利用效率。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 地膜覆盖, 土壤物理性质, 绿豆, 水分利用效率, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To determine the effects of straw returning and plastic film mulching on the water use efficiency and yield of mung bean.【Methods】Using mung bean variety Mengkelyu No. 4 as the test material,four treatments were set up:straw returning combined with plastic film mulching(SP),straw returning alone(S),plastic film mulching alone(P),and no straw returning with no plastic film mulching(NSP,CK). The effects of straw returning and plastic film mulching on soil bulk density,soil porosity,soil water content,soil water storage,as well as water use efficiency,root architecture,yield and its components of mung bean were analyzed.【Results】Under the SP treatment,soil bulk density was significantly lower than that of other treatments(P<0.05),which decreased by 11.89% compared with the NSP treatment after harvest. Soil porosity,soil water content,and soil water storage were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P<0.05),increasing by 6.48 percentage points,5.20 percentage points,and 13.29% compared with the NSP treatment after harvest,respectively. Under the SP treatment,the root architecture indices,plant dry matter weight,and yield-related indices of mung bean were all significantly higher than those of other treatments(P<0.05). Compared with the NSP treatment,the total root length,total root surface area,and total root volume of mung bean increased by 42.02%,28.04%,and 22.63%,respectively. Compared with the NSP treatment,the water use efficiency,plant dry matter weight,number of pods per plant,number of seeds per pod,100-seed weight,and yield of mung bean increased by 27.72%,40.68%,14.82%,11.72%,19.19%,and 24.08%,respectively.【Conclusion】Compared with straw returning alone or plastic film mulching alone,straw returning combined with plastic film mulching can significantly improve soil physical properties,enhance soil water storage and moisture retention capacity,promote the growth and development of mung bean roots,increase plant dry matter weight,and ultimately improve mung bean yield and water use efficiency.

Key words: Straw returning, Plastic film mulching, Soil physical properties, Mung bean, Water use efficiency, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S522