北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 76-86.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.03.08

• 节水灌溉·园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

滴灌孔深度对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响

罗东1, 邹超煜2, 白岗栓3, 李海平4, 边利军4   

  1. 1.陕西怡安建设工程有限公司,陕西 西安 710021;
    2.吉安市湿地保护中心,江西 吉安 343000;
    3.西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100;
    4.内蒙古河套灌区水利发展中心乌兰布和分中心,内蒙古 磴口 015200
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-10-24
  • 通讯作者: 白岗栓(1965—),男,研究员,硕士,主要从事果树栽培及农田生态方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:罗 东(1990—),男,工程师,学士,主要从事公路、桥梁等生态环境建设方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501602); 陕西省重点研发计划项目(NYKJ-2021-XA-001)

Effects of drip irrigation hole depth on soil moisture and apple tree growth

LUO Dong1, ZOU Chaoyu2, BAI Gangshuan3, LI Haiping4, BIAN Lijun4   

  1. 1. Shaanxi Yi'an Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710021,China;
    2. Ji'an City Wetland Protection Center,Ji'an 343000,China;
    3. College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A & F University,Yangling 712100,China;
    4. Ulan Buh Sub-center of Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District Water Conservancy Development Center,Dengkou 015200,China
  • Received:2024-12-12 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-10-24

摘要: 【目的】提高渭北旱塬苹果园的滴灌效果,为节水灌溉提供简便方法。【方法】以地表滴灌为对照,设置15、30、45 cm深度滴灌孔处理,监测不同深度滴灌孔对0~100 cm土层各生育期土壤水分以及苹果树根系、果实产量和品质、枝条生长状况的影响。【结果】与地表滴灌相比,苹果树花芽分化期0~60 cm土层15、30、45 cm深度滴灌孔处理土壤水分分别提高3.95%、4.45%、5.28%;果实采收后,60~100 cm土层15、30、45 cm深度滴灌孔处理苹果树吸收根和输导根根系鲜生物量密度分别提高16.09%、51.72%、60.92%和41.38%、149.69%、391.07%,根长密度分别提高19.23%、61.54%、76.92%和19.60%、46.43%、28.94%,根表面积密度分别提高21.50%、67.45%、51.84%和20.30%、54.78%、42.21%。15、30、45 cm深度滴灌孔处理苹果果实产量较地表滴灌分别提高8.00%、12.27%、4.80%,单果重分别提高7.77%、9.43%、4.51%,但对苹果品质无显著影响。与地表滴灌相比,15、30 cm深度滴灌孔处理苹果树一年生枝条总数分别显著增加7.42%、8.99%(P<0.05),45 cm深度滴灌孔处理一年生枝条总数极显著下降13.51%(P<0.01)。【结论】不同深度滴灌孔均提高了土壤水分并诱导苹果树根系向深层土壤分布,且能够促进根系生长发育、提高果实单果重和产量,其中渭北旱塬苹果园滴灌孔深度在30 cm左右较为适宜。

关键词: 苹果树, 滴灌孔, 土壤水分, 根系, 产量, 品质, 枝条生长

Abstract: 【Objective】To improve the drip irrigation performance of apple orchards on the Weibei Dry Plateau and provide a simple method for water-saving irrigation.【Methods】Surface drip irrigation was used as the control,and treatments with drip irrigation holes at depths of 15,30,and 45 cm were designed. The effects of different drip irrigation hole depths on soil moisture in the 0-100 cm soil layer during various growth stages of apple trees,as well as on the root system,fruit yield and quality,and shoot growth of apple trees,were monitored.【Results】Compared with surface drip irrigation,during the flower bud differentiation stage of apple trees,the soil moisture in the 0-60 cm soil layer under the treatments of 15,30,and 45 cm deep drip irrigation holes increased by 3.95%,4.45%,and 5.28%,respectively. After fruit harvest,in the 60-100 cm soil layer,the root fresh biomass density of absorbent roots and conducting roots of apple trees under the 15,30,and 45 cm deep drip irrigation hole treatments increased by 16.09%,51.72%,60.92% and 41.38%,149.69%,391.07%,respectively;the root length density increased by 19.23%,61.54%,76.92% and 19.60%,46.43%,28.94%,respectively;the root surface area density increased by 21.50%,67.45%,51.84% and 20.30%,54.78%,42.21%,respectively. Apple fruit yields under the 15,30,and 45 cm deep drip irrigation hole treatments were 8.00%,12.27%,and 4.80% higher than under surface drip irrigation,respectively,with single fruit weights increasing by 7.77%,9.43%,and 4.51%,respectively;however,no significant effects on fruit quality were observed. Compared with surface drip irrigation,the total number of one-year-old shoots of apple trees under the 15 and 30 cm deep drip irrigation hole treatments increased significantly by 7.42% and 8.99%(P<0.05),while the total number of one-year-old shoots under the 45 cm deep drip irrigation hole treatment decreased extremely significantly by 13.51%(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Drip irrigation holes at different depths can all increase soil moisture,induce the root system of apple trees to distribute to the deep soil layer,promote root growth and development,and improve single fruit weight and fruit yield. Among all treatments,a drip irrigation hole depth of approximately 30 cm is the most suitable for apple orchards on the Weibei Dry Plateau.

Key words: Apple tree, Drip irrigation hole, Soil moisture, Root system, Yield, Quality, Shoot growth

中图分类号: 

  • S661.1