北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 71-80.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.01.07

• 作物栽培·土壤肥料 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田配施氮肥对绿豆生长和产量的影响

范雅芳1, 刘剑2, 陈文晋1, 贺小勇1, 程玉臣1, 贺有权3, 高学峰3, 张利俊4, 郭建兵5, 郭文绪5   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 植物保护研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古农业大学 职业技术学院,内蒙古 萨拉齐 014109;
    3.丰镇市农牧和科技局,内蒙古 丰镇 012199;
    4.凉城县农牧和科技局,内蒙古 凉城 013750;
    5.和林格尔县农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古 和林格尔 011500
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 程玉臣(1974—),男,研究员,学士,主要从事杂草防控技术和保护性耕作方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:范雅芳(1992—),女,助理研究员,博士,主要从事食用豆类栽培育种方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN03054); 2023年度引进人才科研启动支持经费(RO2400002411); 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2024QNJJNO5); 国家食用豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-08-Z06)

Effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of mung bean

FAN Yafang1, LIU Jian2, CHEN Wenjin1, HE Xiaoyong1, CHENG Yuchen1, HE Youquan3, GAO Xuefeng3, ZHANG Lijun4, GUO Jianbing5, GUO Wenxu5   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Salaqi 014109,China;
    3. Fengzhen City Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences and Technology Bureau,Fengzhen 012199,China;
    4. Liangcheng County Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences and Technology Bureau,Liangcheng 013750,China;
    5. Horinger County Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Horinger 011500,China
  • Received:2025-04-02 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-04-01

摘要: 【目的】明确秸秆还田配施氮肥对绿豆生长和产量的影响,为绿豆栽培中秸秆资源的合理利用及科学施氮提供参考。【方法】试验于内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院试验田开展,以绿豆品种科绿1号为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,主区为玉米秸秆还田(ST)和玉米秸秆不还田(NST),裂区为0(N0)、45(N45)、90(N90)、135(N135) kg/hm2 4个施氮水平,共8个处理组合,分析不同处理对绿豆出苗率、生长指标、根系构型、地上部各器官干物质量和产量的影响。【结果】不同处理绿豆出苗率、株高、茎高、茎粗、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、叶片干物质量、茎秆干物质量、豆荚干物质量、籽粒干物质量和产量均表现为ST+N90>ST+N135>ST+N45>NST+N90>NST+N135>NST+N45>ST+N0>NST+N0,其中,ST+N90处理较ST+N0处理分别提高4.36%、8.06%、4.23%、14.29%、42.05%、29.75%、23.45%、21.10%、17.95%、38.48%、27.03%和17.80%,NST+N90处理较NST+N0处理分别提高3.31%、5.88%、3.68%、9.75%、29.77%、20.83%、14.84%、15.58%、13.91%、27.93%、19.20%和17.12%。绿豆产量与出苗率、株高、茎高、茎粗、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、叶片干物质量、茎秆干物质量、豆荚干物质量和籽粒干物质量间均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】玉米秸秆还田+90 kg/hm2氮肥(ST+N90处理)可以提高绿豆出苗率、促进根系生长、增加各器官干物质量、提升产量,是较为适宜内蒙古中部地区绿豆种植的减氮增效技术。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 氮肥, 绿豆, 生长, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of mung bean,and to provide a reference for the rational utilization of straw resources and scientific nitrogen application in mung bean cultivation. 【Methods】 The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences using the mung bean variety Kelv No. 1 as the test material. A split-plot design with two factors was adopted,with maize straw returning(ST) and no straw returning(NST) as the main plots,and four nitrogen application levels-0(N0),45(N45),90(N90),and 135(N135) kg/hm2-as subplots,resulting in a total of eight treatment combinations. The effects of different treatments on emergence rate,growth indicators,root system architecture,dry matter weight of aboveground organs,and yield of mung bean were analyzed. 【Results】 Under different treatments,the mung bean emergence rate,plant height,stem height,stem diameter,total root length,total root surface area,total root volume,leaf dry matter weight,stem dry matter weight,pod dry matter weight,grain dry matter weight,and yield were consistently as follows:ST+N90>ST+N135>ST+N45>NST+N90>NST+N135>NST+N45>ST+N0>NST+N0. Specifically,compared with the ST+N0 treatment,the ST+N90 treatment increased by 4.36%,8.06%,4.23%,14.29%,42.05%,29.75%,23.45%,21.10%,17.95%,38.48%,27.03% and 17.80%,respectively;compared with the NST+N0 treatment,the NST+N90 treatment increased by 3.31%,5.88%,3.68%,9.75%,29.77%,20.83%,14.84%,15.58%,13.91%,27.93%,19.20% and 17.12%,respectively. Mung bean yield showed extremely significant positive correlations with emergence rate,plant height,stem height,stem diameter,total root length,total root surface area,total root volume,leaf dry matter weight,stem dry matter weight,pod dry matter weight,and grain dry matter weight(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The maize straw returning combined with 90 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer(ST+N90 treatment) can increase mung bean emergence rate,promote root growth,enhance dry matter weight of various organs,and improve yield. This treatment is a suitable nitrogen-reduction and efficiency-enhancement cultivation practice for mung bean production in central Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer, Mung bean, Growth, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S522