4种乔木落叶浸提液对小麦生长及生理特性的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.06.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究国槐、垂柳、榆树、白桦4种乔木落叶浸提液对小麦生长及生理特性的影响,为小麦生长过程中的资源合理配置提供参考。【方法】受体材料为小麦品种山农28,采用室内盆栽试验,设置5个处理,分别为蒸馏水（CK）、国槐落叶浸提液（A1）、垂柳落叶浸提液（A2）、榆树落叶浸提液（A3）、白桦落叶浸提液（A4）。于播种后第55天和第100天分别测定小麦株高、根长、地径以及叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。【结果】在55 d和100 d时,榆树落叶浸提液处理下小麦株高较CK分别显著提高了14.11%、8.31%（P<0.05）,垂柳落叶浸提液处理下小麦根长较CK分别显著提高了9.65%、10.14%（P<0.05）,4种落叶浸提液均显著降低了小麦地径（P<0.05）。垂柳落叶浸提液处理55 d后小麦叶片叶绿素含量较CK显著提高了11.90%（P<0.05）,榆树落叶浸提液处理100 d后小麦叶片叶绿素含量较CK显著提高了7.03%（P<0.05）;在55 d和100 d时,白桦落叶浸提液处理下小麦叶片POD活性较CK分别显著提高了0.88%、3.22%（P<0.05）,垂柳落叶浸提液处理下小麦叶片SOD活性较CK分别显著提高了13.78%、9.68%（P<0.05）。在小麦生长至55 d和100 d时,小麦对垂柳和榆树落叶浸提液处理的化感作用最为敏感。【结论】垂柳和榆树落叶浸提液对小麦生长具有较强的化感作用,可以促进小麦分泌特定的代谢产物,改变其周围的微生态环境。

关键词: 乔木落叶, 浸提液, 小麦, 化感作用

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of leaf litter leachate of four arbors,Sophora japonica,Salix babylonica,Ulmus pumila,and Betula platyphylla on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat were studied to provide references for the rational allocation of resources in wheat growth process.【Methods】Using wheat variety Shannong 28 as acceptor material,five treatments of distilled water（CK）,Sophora japonica leaf litter leachate（A1）,Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate（A2）,Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate（A3）,and Betula platyphylla leaf litter leachate（A4） were set up in the indoor pot experiment. The plant height,root length,ground diameter,leaf chlorophyll content,peroxidase（POD） activity and superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity were measured on the 55th and 100th day after seeding.【Results】On the 55th and 100th day,the wheat plant height under Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 14.11% and 8.31% compared with CK. Wheat root length under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased by 9.65% and 10.14% compared with CK（P<0.05）. All the four leaf litter leachate treatments significantly decreased（P<0.05） wheat ground diameter. On the 55th day,wheat leaf chlorophyll content under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 11.90% compared with CK. On the 100th day,wheat leaf chlorophyll content under Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 7.03% compared with CK. On the 55th and 100th day,wheat leaf POD activity under Betula platyphylla leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 0.88% and 3.22% compared with CK,wheat leaf SOD activity under Salix babylonica leaf litter leachate treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 13.78% and 9.68% compared with CK. At 55 d and 100 d growth,wheat was most sensitive to the allelopathy of Salix babylonica and Ulmus pumila leaf litter leachate treatment.【Conclusion】The leaf litter leachate of Salix babylonia and Ulmus pumila had strong allelopathic effects on wheat growth,promoted the secretion of specific metabolites of wheat,and changed the surrounding micro ecological environment.

Key words: Arbor leaf litter, Leachate, Wheat, Allelopathy

中图分类号:

S792

耿建, 吴洪华, 周建. 4种乔木落叶浸提液对小麦生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2023, 51(6): 28-36.

GENG Jian, WU Honghua, ZHOU Jian. Effects of four arbors leaf litter leachate on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2023, 51(6): 28-36.

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