不同施硒量对黄花菜花蕾硒含量、品质和产量的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.03.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究施用不同施硒量对黄花菜花蕾硒含量、品质和产量的影响,为富硒黄花菜的种植提供参考。【方法】选取长嘴子花、三月花、青冲和大乌嘴4个黄花菜品种,在抽薹期根施硒肥,施硒量分别为150 kg/hm²（Se10）、225 kg/hm²（Se15）、300 kg/hm²（Se20）,以不施硒肥为对照（Se0）,于2022年6月30日和7月8日分别采摘收获后测定黄花菜花蕾硒含量、品质、产量和硒累积量。【结果】施用硒肥后黄花菜花蕾硒含量和硒累积量均有所增加,并以长嘴子花硒含量和硒累积量最高,分别为 0.031 mg/kg和752.786 mg/hm²;随着施硒量的增加,2次采摘时间的不同黄花菜品种花蕾硒含量均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,其中,长嘴子花和三月花的最佳施硒量为150 kg/hm²,花蕾硒含量分别为0.031、0.070 mg/kg和0.010、0.003 mg/kg;青冲和大乌嘴的最佳施硒量为225 kg/hm²,花蕾硒含量分别为0.006、0.015 mg/kg和0.015、0.030 mg/kg。花蕾制干后,干样硒含量与鲜样硒含量呈现倍数关系,倍数为3.47~4.00,与含水量关系一致,制干过程不会对硒含量造成损失;随着施硒量的增加,各品种的花蕾重和产量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而花蕾长和宽的变化各不相同。【结论】适量施用硒肥可以提高黄花菜花蕾硒含量、品质和产量;过量施用硒肥会抑制黄花菜的花蕾重,降低产量。

关键词: 硒肥, 黄花菜, 花蕾, 硒含量, 品质, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To study effects of different selenium application amount on selenium content,quality and yield of flower buds of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni,provide reference for planting selenium-rich Hemerocallis citrina Baroni.【Methods】Four varieties of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni were selected,including Changzuizihua,Sanyuehua,Qingchong,and Dawuzui. Selenium fertilizer was applied to the roots during the bolting period,with selenium application amounts of 150 kg/hm² （Se10）,225 kg/hm²（Se15）,and 300 kg/hm²（Se20）,respectively,with no selenium fertilizer application as the control （Se0）. The selenium content,quality,yield,and selenium accumulation in the flower buds of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni were measured after harvesting on June 30 and July 8,2022.【Results】After selenium treatment,the selenium content and selenium accumulation of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds increased,and the selenium content and selenium accumulation of Changzuizihua were the highest,which were 0.031 mg/kg and 752.786 mg/hm². With the increase of selenium application amount,the selenium content in the flower buds of all varieties at two picking times showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,the optimal selenium application amount for Changzuizihua and Sanyuehua was 150 kg/hm²,and the selenium content in flower buds was 0.031,0.070 mg/kg and 0.010,0.003 mg/kg,respectively. While the optimal selenium application amount for Qingchong and Dawuzui was 225 kg/hm²,and the selenium content of flower buds was 0.006,0.015 mg/kg and 0.015,0.030 mg/kg,respectively. After drying,the selenium content of dry sample showed a multifold relationship with that of fresh sample,which was 3.47-4.00,consistent with the water content. There was no loss of selenium content during drying process. With the increase of selenium application amount,the flower bud weight and flower bud yield of all varieties increased first and then decreased,but the effects on bud length and width were different among all varieties. 【Conclusion】Moderate application of selenium fertilizer can improve the selenium content,quality,and yield of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds. Excessive application of selenium fertilizer can inhibit the weight of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flower buds and reduce yield.

Key words: Selenium fertilizer, Hemerocallis citrina Baroni, Flower bud, Selenium content, Quality, Yield

中图分类号:

S644.3

周玲玲, 刘书华, 余翔, 孟佳丽, 沈虹, 吴绍军, 田福发, 杨年福, 张黎杰. 不同施硒量对黄花菜花蕾硒含量、品质和产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(3): 114-120.

ZHOU Lingling, LIU Shuhua, YU Xiang, MENG Jiali, SHEN Hong, WU Shaojun, TIAN Fufa, YANG Nianfu, ZHANG Lijie. Effects of different selenium application amount on selenium content,quality and yield of flower buds of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(3): 114-120.

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