耕作方式对褐土农田土壤物理性质及谷子产量的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.01.01

北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.01.01

• 作物栽培·种质资源 • 下一篇

耕作方式对褐土农田土壤物理性质及谷子产量的影响

郭甯^1,2, 高日平^1,2, 龙步菊^1,2, 蔡琳琳^1,2, 杨荣到^1,2, 高宇³, 高宏艳³, 赵沛义³, 潘志华^1,2, 杜二小³

1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193;
2.中国气象局-中国农业大学农业应对气候变化联合实验室,北京 100193;
3.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院资源环境与可持续发展研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031

收稿日期:2024-05-10 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-06-26
通讯作者: 龙步菊（1970—）,女,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事近地面层气象学方面的研究工作。
作者简介:郭甯（1998—）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田小气候。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1500602）

Effects of tillage methods on soil physical properties of brown soil farmland and foxtail millet yield

GUO Ning^1,2, GAO Riping^1,2, LONG Buju^1,2, CAI Linlin^1,2, YANG Rongdao^1,2, GAO Yu³, GAO Hongyan³, ZHAO Peiyi³, PAN Zhihua^1,2, DU Erxiao³

1. Faculty of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;
2. Joint Laboratory of Agriculture Response to Climate Change,China Meteorological Administration and China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;
3. Institute of Resources,Environment and Sustainable Development,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China

Received:2024-05-10 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-06-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究耕作方式优化对内蒙古西辽河平原褐土土壤物理性质及谷子产量的影响。【方法】以传统浅耕30 cm（CK）作为对照,设置深耕机翻耕50 cm（SF）、深松机松耕50 cm（SS）、深松机松耕50 cm后旋耕机旋耕30 cm（SSX）、深耕机翻耕50 cm后旋耕机旋耕30 cm（SFX）4种处理,对比分析不同生育期不同处理对0~100 cm褐土层的土壤硬度、土壤容重、土壤含水率以及谷子产量的影响。【结果】不同耕作方式均改善了土壤结构,在0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60~80 cm土层,SS、SSX、SFX、SF处理的土壤容重较CK分别显著减小了0.16%~2.26%、4.63%~6.24%、3.81%~5.88%和1.08%~3.95%（P<0.05）;在0~100 cm土层中均以20~40 cm土层的土壤含水率最高,各处理在不同生育期的土壤含水率均为SSX>SFX>SF>SS>CK,其中,SSX处理的土壤含水率较CK增加了4.81%~9.90%。在谷子农艺性状和产量方面,SSX、SFX处理的穗粗、穗长、穗重、千粒重较CK分别显著提高11.67%、9.28%、8.25%、10.98%和9.63%、7.70%、6.04%、8.63%（P<0.05）;SSX处理谷子产量较CK提升最显著,为7.65%（P<0.05）;各生育期谷子耗水量均表现为CK>SS>SF>SFX>SSX,SSX处理的谷子耗水量为893.60 mm;4种处理下,谷子水分利用效率均有所提高,以SSX处理效果最佳,较CK提高了8.14%。【结论】耕作方式优化可明显改善土壤结构、提升耕层土壤水分、增加谷子产量,尤以深松机松耕50 cm后旋耕机旋耕30 cm处理效果最佳,是缓解内蒙古西辽河平原褐土土壤障碍、保证谷子稳产增产的较优模式。

关键词: 耕作方式, 褐土, 土壤物理性质, 谷子, 产量, 内蒙古, 西辽河平原

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the effects of tillage methods optimization on the physical properties and foxtail millet yield of brown soil in the western Liaohe Plain,Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using the traditional shallow tillage of 30 cm（CK） as a control,setting deep tiller tillage 50 cm（SF）,deep loosening machine loosening tillage 50 cm（SS）,deep loosening machine loosening tillage 50 cm and rotary tiller rotary tillage 30 cm（SSX）,and deep tiller tillage 50 cm and rotary tiller rotary tillage 30 cm（SFX） four treatments,on soil hardness,soil bulk density,soil moisture content,and foxtail millet yield of 0-100 brown soils were compared and analyzed in different treatments and different growth stages.【Results】The soil structure was improved by different tillage methods,and the soil bulk density of SS,SSX,SFX,and SF treatments significantly decreased by 0.16%-2.26%,4.63%-6.24%,3.81%-5.88%,and 1.08%-3.95% compared with CK in 0-10,10-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-80 cm soil layers,respectively（P<0.05）;the soil moisture content of 20-40 cm soil layer was the highest in the 0-100 cm soil layer,and the soil moisture content of each treatment was SSX>SFX>SF>SS>CK at different growth stages,and the soil moisture content of SSX treatment increased by 4.81%-9.90% compared with CK.In terms of agronomic traits and yield of foxtail millet,the ear thickness,ear length,ear weight and 1 000-grain weight of SSX and SFX treatments were significantly increased by 11.67%,9.28%,8.25%,10.98% and 9.63%,7.70%,6.04%,8.63%,respectively（P<0.05）,and the yield of foxtail millet after SSX treatment increased most significantly compared with CK,was 7.65%（P<0.05）;the water consumption of foxtail millet in all growth stages was CK>SS>SF>SFX>SSX,and the water consumption of foxtail millet under SSX treatment was 893.60 mm,and the water use efficiency of foxtail millet was improved under four treatments,and the effect of SSX treatment was best,which was improved 8.14% than CK.【Conclusion】The tillage methods optimization can significantly improve soil structure,increase soil moisture in tillage layer,and increase foxtail millet yield,the treatment of deep loosening machine loosening tillage 50 cm and rotary tiller rotary tillage 30 cm has the best effect,which is the optimal mode to alleviate the soil barrier of brown soil in the western Liaohe Plain,Inner Mongolia,and ensure stable and increased yield of foxtail millet.

Key words: Tillage methods, Brown soil, Soil physical properties, Foxtail millet, Yield, Inner Mongolia, Liaohe Plain

中图分类号:

S515

郭甯, 高日平, 龙步菊, 蔡琳琳, 杨荣到, 高宇, 高宏艳, 赵沛义, 潘志华, 杜二小. 耕作方式对褐土农田土壤物理性质及谷子产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(1): 1-9.

GUO Ning, GAO Riping, LONG Buju, CAI Linlin, YANG Rongdao, GAO Yu, GAO Hongyan, ZHAO Peiyi, PAN Zhihua, DU Erxiao. Effects of tillage methods on soil physical properties of brown soil farmland and foxtail millet yield[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(1): 1-9.

参考文献

[1] 陈延华,王乐,张淑香,等.我国褐土耕地质量的演变及对生产力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2019,52(24):4540-4554.
[2] 于婧文. 褐土区乡镇级土壤养分的时空变异研究[D].太原:山西大学,2010.
[3] 徐志强. 辽宁省耕地土壤主要障碍因素及改良措施[J].农业科技与装备,2020(4):55-56.
[4] FU Y W,TIAN Z C,AMOOZEGAR A,et al.Measuring dynamic changes of soil porosity during compaction[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2019,193:114-121.
[5] 潘雅文,樊军,郝明德,等.黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1558-1567.
[6] MARTÍNEZ E,FUENTES J P,PINO V,et al.Chemical and biological properties as affected by no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in an irrigated haploxeroll of central Chile[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2013,126:238-245.
[7] ZHAI L C,XU P,ZHANG Z B,et al.Effects of deep vertical rotary tillage on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2017,170:167-174.
[8] 谢迎新,靳海洋,李梦达,等.周年耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤养分及作物产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(10):1560-1568.
[9] 程思贤,刘卫玲,靳英杰,等.深松深度对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(9):1355-1365.
[10] 赵亚丽,刘卫玲,程思贤,等.深松(耕)方式对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(13):2489-2503.
[11] JI B,ZHAO Y,MU X,et al.Effects of tillage on soil physical properties and root growth of maize in loam and clay in central China[J].Plant,Soil and Environment,2013,59(7):295-302.
[12] ISHAQ M,IBRAHIM M,LAL R.Tillage effects on soil properties at different levels of fertilizer application in Punjab,Pakistan[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2002,68(2):93-99.
[13] 韩春丽,刘梅,张旺锋,等.连作棉田土壤剖面钾含量变化特征及对不同耕作方式的响应[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(14):2913-2922.
[14] 徐莹莹,靳晓燕,庞爱国,等.土壤性状和玉米生长对不同耕作方式的响应[J].农机化研究,2022,44(11):11-18.
[15] 张运红,毛家伟,刘小奇,等.不同耕作方式和肥料种类对花生产量、品质和养分吸收利用的影响[J].花生学报,2022,51(4):51-59.
[16] 高明,周保同,魏朝富,等.不同耕作方式对稻田土壤动物、微生物及酶活性的影响研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(7):1177-1181.
[17] 付国占,王俊忠,李潮海,等.残茬覆盖与耕作方式对夏玉米营养生长及籽粒产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2005,34(3):23-26.
[18] 孙梦媛,刘景辉,赵宝平,等.全膜垄作栽培对旱作马铃薯产量及土壤水热和酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(1):133-139.
[19] GHOSH P K,DAYAL D,BANDYOPADHYAY K K,et al.Evaluation of straw and polythene mulch for enhancing productivity of irrigated summer groundnut[J].Field Crops Research,2006,99(S2/S3):76-86.

耕作方式对褐土农田土壤物理性质及谷子产量的影响

Effects of tillage methods on soil physical properties of brown soil farmland and foxtail millet yield

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	李宗宸, 位守燃, 丁晓燕, 张伟. 棉花花生间作对作物生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(1): 17-23.
[2]	王成, 刘梦珂, 仝胜利, 郭浩杰, 杨馥熔, 杜冰, 周佳敏, 张富厚, 孟超敏. 豫西优质谷子品种适应性及综合评价[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(1): 24-37.
[3]	刘钦慧, 周天游, 杨双双, 刘瑜, 魏丽超, 王志豪, 王小林. 陕西黄土旱作区肥料配施对土壤养分和谷子产量形成的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(1): 48-56.
[4]	张一迪, 叶君, 段思彤, 张向前, 赵子豪, 肖洒, 王伟妮, 李娟, 邢俊, 王宏伟, 张德健. 生物菌剂对玉米灌浆期光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(1): 64-72.
[5]	焦灰敏, 桑玉伟, 何宗铃, 水涌, 朱金成, 王睿, 王志军, 马盼盼, 王亮. 花生产量与主要农艺性状、品质性状的灰色关联度分析[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(6): 22-30.
[6]	刘坤雨, 刘威, 谷雪菲, 赵晓宇, 王雪娇, 姚建军, 车有维, 高圆丽, 王伟, 李强. 种衣剂和生物菌剂对连作大豆结瘤和生长的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(6): 31-38.
[7]	兰慧青, 张婷婷, 梁俊梅, 张君, 李虹谕, 安昊, 侯建伟, 郭雪娇, 张诗雨. 不同类型有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(6): 83-93.
[8]	白梓辰, 高宏艳, 李玉义, 杜二小, 李保成, 王艳丽, 赵沛义, 刘勇, 张德全, 王伟妮. 内蒙古黄土高原区限量补灌对玉米光响应曲线及产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(6): 116-125.
[9]	周欣阳, 刘晓蕊, 刘湘萍, 付崇毅, 廉勇, 曹继龙. 秋播杂交组合大葱筛选试验[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(5): 11-20.
[10]	杜二小, 包珺玮, 韩志刚, 梁红伟, 赵晓宇, 任永峰, 于伟卓, 赵沛义. 氮肥替代对马铃薯农田土壤水氮利用效率和产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(5): 84-94.
[11]	王成, 郭浩杰, 杜冰, 杨馥熔, 周俊江, 张富厚, 孟超敏. 不同行距配置对豫西谷子农艺性状、产量及营养品质的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(4): 11-18.
[12]	杨旸, 赖黎明, 王靖, 付艳秋, 师瑞杰, 高乐乐. 生物炭与有机肥配施对盐碱土改良和向日葵产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(4): 50-58.
[13]	刘偲琪, 何忠萍, 包珺玮, 樊秀荣, 高海燕, 张艳, 张红萍, 代丞, 孙秀云, 赵晓宇. 河套灌区玉米适宜种植密度及其高产栽培品种研究[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(3): 29-37.
[14]	贾苏卿, 杜艳伟, 禾璐, 徐嘉. 基于GGE双标图的晋西北黄土高原谷子生产稳定性与适应性分析[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(3): 38-48.
[15]	王宣茗, 杨钦忠, 张鹏, 赵沛义, 任永峰, 韩云飞, 杜二小, 张彪, 李树生. 毛叶苕子与燕麦混播对作物产量、土壤酶活性和微生物群落的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(3): 88-99.