豫西优质谷子品种适应性及综合评价

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.01.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】筛选适宜河南省西部地区（豫西）推广种植的优质高产谷子品种,为当地谷子产业可持续发展和新品种选育提供参考。【方法】以29份谷子品种为试验材料,连续4年（2019—2022年）在豫西不同地点（伊川县、洛宁县、洛龙区、汝阳县）开展品种筛选试验,对参试品种的8个农艺性状、6个营养品质指标、产量进行测定;通过相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析进行综合评价,并利用灰色关联度分析法对相关性状指标进行排序。【结果】在4年多点试验中,农艺性状表现较好的是长农35、济糯米2号、中谷2、豫谷35、豫谷31、东昌金谷、冀谷39、豫谷18;产量及营养品质指标表现较好的是济谷20、豫谷36、济谷17、天粟1号、晋谷21、长生13。2019年伊川县产量最高,为5 162.01 kg/hm²。粗纤维含量与株高和粗灰分含量、茎粗与含水量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,株高与穗粗,粗纤维含量与茎粗、穗粗、单穗重、含水量,碳水化合物含量与粗蛋白含量呈极显著负相关关系（P<0.01）;聚类分析将参试品种分为5个类群;主成分分析表明,5个主成分的累计贡献率为72.577%;综合评价中得分前5的谷子品种为济谷17、济糯米2号、冀谷38、冀谷37和济谷20。灰色关联度分析表明,与谷子品质关系最密切的指标依次为叶宽（0.806 9）、叶长（0.803 7）、粗蛋白含量（0.803 6）、粗脂肪含量（0.801 4）、穗长（0.800 7）。【结论】济谷17、济糯米2号、冀谷38、冀谷37和济谷20综合表现较好、适应性较强、营养品质较高,是较为适宜豫西种植的谷子品种。

关键词: 谷子, 农艺性状, 营养品质, 产量, 综合评价, 灰色关联度分析

Abstract: 【Objective】To screen high-quality and high-yield foxtail millet varieties suitable for promotion and cultivation in the western Henan Province（Western Henan）,and provide references for the sustainable development of the local foxtail millet industry and the new variety breeding.【Methods】Taking 29 foxtail millet varieties as the experimental materials,variety screening experiments were conducted continuously for 4 years（2019—2022） at different locations in the western Henan Province（Yichuan County,Luoning County,Luolong District and Ruyang County）,and 8 agronomic traits,6 nutritional quality indexes,and yield of the participating varieties were determined;comprehensive evaluation was conducted through correlation analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis,and the relevant trait indexes were ranked by using the grey correlation degree analysis method.【Results】In the multi-point experiment over 4 years,the ones with better agronomic traits were Changnong 35,Jinuomi No. 2,Zhonggu 2,Yugu 35,Yugu 31,Dongchangjingu,Jigu 39,and Yugu 18;the ones with better yield and nutritional quality indexes were Jigu 20,Yugu 36,Jigu 17,Tiansu No. 1,Jingu 21,Changsheng 13. In 2019,Yichuan County had the highest yield,which was 5 162.01 kg/hm². The crude fibre content was extremely significant positive correlated with plant height and crude ash content,and stem diameter with moisture（P<0.01）,while plant height was extremely significant negative correlated with ear width,crude fibre content with stem diammer,ear width,weight per ear,moisture,and carbohydrate content with crude protein content（P<0.01）. Cluster analysis divided the tested varieties into five groups;principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components was 72.577%;the top 5 foxtail millet varieties with the highest scores in the comprehensive evaluation were Jigu 17,Jinuomi No. 2,Jigu 38,Jigu 37 and Jigu 20. Grey correlation degree analysis indicated that the indexes most closely related to the quality of foxtail millet were leaf width（0.806 9）,leaf length（0.803 7）,crude protein content（0.803 6）,crude fat content（0.801 4）,and panicle length（0.800 7） in sequence.【Conclusion】Jigu 17,Jinuomi No. 2,Jigu 38,Jigu 37 and Jigu 20 have better comprehensive performance,stronger adaptability and higher nutritional quality,are more suitable foxtail millet varieties for cultivation in the western Henan Province.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Agronomic traits, Nutritional quality, Yield, Comprehensive evaluation, Grey relational analysis

中图分类号:

S515

王成, 刘梦珂, 仝胜利, 郭浩杰, 杨馥熔, 杜冰, 周佳敏, 张富厚, 孟超敏. 豫西优质谷子品种适应性及综合评价[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(1): 24-37.

WANG Cheng, LIU Mengke, TONG Shengli, GUO Haojie, YANG Furong, DU Bing, ZHOU Jiamin, ZHANG Fuhou, MENG Chaomin. Adaptability and comprehensive evaluation of high-quality foxtail millet varieties in the western Henan Province[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(1): 24-37.

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