37个旱地小麦品种农艺性状与产量综合分析

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.04.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】筛选适宜在内蒙古乌兰察布市推广种植的旱地小麦品种。【方法】以小麦克春系列、龙春系列和龙麦系列等共37个旱地小麦品种进行田间对比试验,并对各品种的株高、穗长、小穗数、结实穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、总穗数、千粒重等农艺性状与产量进行相关性分析、变异分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和通径分析,探究影响产量的主要因素。【结果】在37个旱地小麦品种中,克春38产量最高,其次为克春46、克春42、定西51,但克春42综合表现最好。相关性分析结果表明,产量与穗粒数的相关性最大,相关系数为0.66;与千粒重的相关性最小,相关系数为-0.11。变异分析结果表明,37个品种的变异系数为9.74%~26.32%,其中,产量的变异系数最大、小穗数的变异系数最小。聚类分析结果表明,在平方欧氏距离为10时,37个品种被划分为六大类群,各类群间产量表现为Ⅵ>Ⅳ>Ⅴ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ。主成分分析结果表明,选取的5个主成分累计贡献率为89.48%,第一主成分的贡献率最大,为40.77%。通径分析结果表明,穗粒数和总穗数对产量作用最大,通径系数分别为0.392 84和0.248 10。【结论】在参试的37个旱地小麦品种中,穗粒数是影响产量的主要因素,增加穗粒数可有效提高产量;克春42和克春38是适宜在内蒙古乌兰察布市推广种植的旱地小麦品种。

关键词: 小麦, 农艺性状, 产量, 相关性分析, 变异分析, 聚类分析, 主成分分析, 通径分析

Abstract: 【Objective】To screen dryland wheat varieties suitable for promotion and cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia. 【Methods】A field comparative trial was conducted using a total of 37 dryland wheat varieties,including the Kechun series,Longchun series,and Longmai series. Correlation analysis,variation analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and path analysis were performed on agronomic traits such as plant height,spike length,number of spikelets,number of fertile spikes,number of kernels per spike,kernel weight per spike,total number of spikes,and 1 000-kernel weight,as well as yield,to determine the primary factors influencing yield.【Results】Among the 37 dryland wheat varieties,Kechun 38 exhibited the highest yield,followed by Kechun 46,Kechun 42,and Dingxi 51,although Kechun 42 demonstrated the best overall performance. Correlation analysis revealed that yield had the strongest correlation with the number of kernels per spike,with a correlation coefficient of 0.66,and the weakest correlation with 1 000-kernel weight,with a correlation coefficient of -0.11. Variation analysis indicated that the coefficients of variation for the 37 varieties ranged from 9.74% to 26.32%,with yield showing the largest coefficient of variation and the number of spikelets showing the smallest. Cluster analysis demonstrated that,at a squared Euclidean distance of 10,the 37 dryland wheat varieties were divided into six major clusters,with yield performance among the clusters ranked as Ⅵ>Ⅳ>Ⅴ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ Principal component analysis showed that the five selected principal components had a cumulative contribution rate of 89.48%,with the first principal component contributing the most at 40.77%. Path analysis indicated that the number of kernels per spike and the total number of spikes had the greatest direct effects on yield,with path coefficients of 0.392 84 and 0.248 10,respectively.【Conclusion】Among the 37 dryland wheat varieties tested,the number of kernels per spike is the primary factor influencing yield,and increasing the number of kernels per spike can effectively enhance yield. Kechun 42 and Kechun 38 are dryland wheat varieties suitable for promotion and cultivation in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Wheat, Agronomic traits, Yield, Correlation analysis, Variation analysis, Cluster analysis, Principal component analysis, Path analysis

中图分类号:

S512.1

薛帆, 张婷婷, 刘洋, 黄文娟, 王小明, 曹彦. 37个旱地小麦品种农艺性状与产量综合分析[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(4): 27-39.

XUE Fan, ZHANG Tingting, LIU Yang, HUANG Wenjuan, WANG Xiaoming, CAO Yan. Comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits and yield in 37 dryland wheat varieties[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(4): 27-39.

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