不同年代玉米主栽品种籽粒灌浆特性和营养品质变化及其杂种优势

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.03.01

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the grain-filling characteristics,nutritional quality indexes and heterosis changes of the main maize cultivars from 1970s to 2000s in China,and explore the relationship among the different indexes and the utilization of heterosis of each index,which could be used for the breeding granules and quality and excellent maize new cultivars provide theoretical basis.【Methods】 Field experiments of maize single-cross varieties and their parents in different years were carried out to analyze the relationship among the active grain-filling period,average grain-filling rate,nutritional quality and the heterosis of each index of the main maize cultivars.【Results】 With the advancing of the years,the hundred-grain weight of the main maize cultivars in different years increased significantly（P<0.05）. Compared with the 1970s-1990s,the single-cross varieties in 2000s increased by 6.99%,6.86% and 14.99%,respectively. The heterosis increased significantly,and the grain bulk density increased significantly（P<0.05）. The active grain-filling period and average grain-filling rate of single-cross varieties in 2000s were significantly higher than those of single-cross varieties from 1970s to 1990s（P<0.05）. The heterosis of average grain-filling rate gradually increased with the progress of the years. Path analysis showed that grain starch and crude fat content had a positive direct effect on hundred-grain weight,while crude protein,soluble sugar and lysine content had a negative direct effect on hundred-grain weight. As the years advanced,the content of soluble sugar and crude protein in grains was significantly reduced（P<0.05）,and the content of starch and lysine was significantly increased（P<0.05）. The content of crude fat was the highest in the 1990s single-cross varieties,which was increased by 8.76%,10.41% and 9.94%,respectively,the differences were significant（P<0.05）.【Conclusion】 With the advancing of the years,the hundred-grain weight and grain bulk density of maize single-cross varieties increased significantly,the active grain-filling period and average grain-filling rate increased significantly,the starch and lysine contents of grain increased,the soluble sugar and crude protein contents decreased significantly,and the crude fat content changed in 1990s were significantly higher than 1970s,1980s and 2000s. Heterosis was obvious in hundred-grain weight,active grain-filling period,average grain-filling rate and crude fat.

Key words: Maize, Grain-filling characteristics, Nutrition quality, Heterosis

CLC Number:

S513

WANG Liqing, YU Xiaofang, GAO Julin, MA Daling, HU Shuping, GUO Huaihuai, LIU Aiye. Grain-filling characteristics,variation of nutrition quality and heterosis of main maize cultivars in different years[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2021, 49(3): 1-15.

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Grain-filling characteristics,variation of nutrition quality and heterosis of main maize cultivars in different years

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