滴灌孔深度对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.03.08

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】To improve the drip irrigation performance of apple orchards on the Weibei Dry Plateau and provide a simple method for water-saving irrigation.【Methods】Surface drip irrigation was used as the control,and treatments with drip irrigation holes at depths of 15,30,and 45 cm were designed. The effects of different drip irrigation hole depths on soil moisture in the 0-100 cm soil layer during various growth stages of apple trees,as well as on the root system,fruit yield and quality,and shoot growth of apple trees,were monitored.【Results】Compared with surface drip irrigation,during the flower bud differentiation stage of apple trees,the soil moisture in the 0-60 cm soil layer under the treatments of 15,30,and 45 cm deep drip irrigation holes increased by 3.95%,4.45%,and 5.28%,respectively. After fruit harvest,in the 60-100 cm soil layer,the root fresh biomass density of absorbent roots and conducting roots of apple trees under the 15,30,and 45 cm deep drip irrigation hole treatments increased by 16.09%,51.72%,60.92% and 41.38%,149.69%,391.07%,respectively;the root length density increased by 19.23%,61.54%,76.92% and 19.60%,46.43%,28.94%,respectively;the root surface area density increased by 21.50%,67.45%,51.84% and 20.30%,54.78%,42.21%,respectively. Apple fruit yields under the 15,30,and 45 cm deep drip irrigation hole treatments were 8.00%,12.27%,and 4.80% higher than under surface drip irrigation,respectively,with single fruit weights increasing by 7.77%,9.43%,and 4.51%,respectively;however,no significant effects on fruit quality were observed. Compared with surface drip irrigation,the total number of one-year-old shoots of apple trees under the 15 and 30 cm deep drip irrigation hole treatments increased significantly by 7.42% and 8.99%（P<0.05）,while the total number of one-year-old shoots under the 45 cm deep drip irrigation hole treatment decreased extremely significantly by 13.51%（P<0.01）.【Conclusion】Drip irrigation holes at different depths can all increase soil moisture,induce the root system of apple trees to distribute to the deep soil layer,promote root growth and development,and improve single fruit weight and fruit yield. Among all treatments,a drip irrigation hole depth of approximately 30 cm is the most suitable for apple orchards on the Weibei Dry Plateau.

Key words: Apple tree, Drip irrigation hole, Soil moisture, Root system, Yield, Quality, Shoot growth

CLC Number:

S661.1

LUO Dong, ZOU Chaoyu, BAI Gangshuan, LI Haiping, BIAN Lijun. Effects of drip irrigation hole depth on soil moisture and apple tree growth[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(3): 76-86.

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Effects of drip irrigation hole depth on soil moisture and apple tree growth

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