【Objective】To elucidate the impacts of tillage methods on the development of saline-alkali farmland and maize growth by examining the growth and development of maize roots under deep ploughing straw returning.【Methods】From 2021 to 2022,two tillage methods,shallow rotation no returning（CK）and deep ploughing straw returning（DPR）,were set up on mild,moderate and severe saline-alkali land. The local main maize varieties DK159 and JSH257 were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,maize root growth status and yield.【Results】Compared with CK,the bulk density in DPR soil decreased,water content increased,alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen,total N,available P,available K and organic matter content increased significantly（P<0.05）. The soil total salt content and pH value decreased by 5.48%-48.98% and 1.25%-13.71%,respectively. The root length,root surface area,average root diameter and root volume of DPR maize significantly increased（P<0.05）. The root indexes improved most in the mild saline-alkali soil,with increases of 62.13%,62.99%,26.46% and 69.67%,respectively. In comparison with the CK,the yield of maize increased by 14.08%-33.61% with the highest increase in moderate saline-alkali soil.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing straw returning effectively improved soil physical and chemical properties,reduced soil total salt content and pH value. With the decrease of total salt content,maize root length and root volume increased significantly,increasing root surface area,improving the ability of maize plants to utilize soil nutrients,and ultimately increasing yield.

【Objective】To explore the suitable planting mode for silage maize in the high altitude low temperature areas of northern Shanxi.【Methods】Using the silage maize variety Dajingjiu 23 wildly planted in the high altitude low temperature areas,at the planting density of 75 000 plants/hm²,four wide and narrow row planting modes were set up：65 cm+65 cm,80 cm+50 cm,90 cm+40 cm and 100 cm+30 cm. The chlorophyll content,leaf area index,photosynthetic rate（Pn）,yield,plant traits and quality in each key growth period were measured and analyzed.【Results】Under different wide and narrow row planting modes,the photosynthetic indexes,yield and lodging rate under 90 cm+40 cm planting mode were the best,and significantly（P<0.05）different from other planting modes. The quality of silage maize grown in planting modes of 90 cm+40 cm,65 cm+65 cm,and 80 cm+50 cm met the national first level quality standards.【Conclusion】At the planting density of 75 000 plants/hm²,the optimal planting mode for silage maize Dajingjiu23 was 90 cm+40 cm.

【Objective】To establish a multiplex RT-PCR system for simultaneous detection and identification of 5 viruses/virus groups in garlic field plants and tissue cultured plantlets.【Methods】Based on relevant literature and the reference virus sequences registered in GenBank,5 sets of specific primers were designed for Shallot latent virus（ShLV）,Garlic common latent virus（GarCLV）,Leek yellow stripe virus（LYSV）,Onion yellow dwarf virus（OYDV）,and allexiviruses,with amplicon size of 592,431,338,265,and 190 bp,respectively. Using the established multiplex RT-PCR method,virus detection and analysis were conducted on 24 garlic tissue cultured plantlets and 48 field samples.【Results】The specificity of the detection system was verified by single/multiplex PCR and sequence alignment. By adjusting the annealing temperature and primer ratio,the optimal amplification effect was achieved at 56.6 ℃ annealing temperature and the primer volume ratio of ShLV,GarCLV,LYSV,OYDV,and allexiviruses at 10∶8∶3∶3∶16. All 5 viruses/virus groups had a minimum detection concentration of 1.0×10² copies/μL. The virus detection results of garlic tissue cultured plantlets were rich in diversity. The field samples were infected with at least 2 viruses/virus groups,and the viruses/virus groups could be clearly distinguished.【Conclusion】The developed multiplex RT-PCR system quickly and effectively detected and differentiated the infection status of the five viruses/virus groups in garlic,including ShLV,GarCLV,LYSV,OYDV,and allexiviruses.

【Objective】Establish a maize genetic transformation system to cultivate maize lines with herbicide tolerance and address the issue of weed damage in maize.【Methods】Herbicide tolerance gene（CP4-EPSPS）was transformed into immature embryos of maize inbred line B73 by agrobacterium mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were identified by PCR and qRT-PCR. Low copy transgenic events were screened by ddPCR,followed by phosphinothricin tolerance test.【Results】12 of the 181 acquired tolerance lines tested positive. The exogenous herbicide tolerance gene（CP4-EPSPS）of the transgenic plants expressed normally at the transcriptional level. Five low copy lines were selected from the transgenic plants. All the transgenic plants were phosphinothricin tolerant in the tolerance test. T₁ seeds from the 5 transgenic low copy lines were harvested.【Conclusion】Established a maize genetic transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium transformation using B73.

【Objective】To understand the characteristics of coal slime and its impact on the physical properties of sandy soil,and to explore the utilization of coal slime in agriculture.【Methods】On the basis of examining the features of coal slime,using unplanted simulation culture experiments with varying application rates of 0（CK）,15 t/hm²（L-1）,45 t/hm²（L-2）,75 t/hm²（L-3） and 135 t/hm²（L-4）,the changes in physical properties of sandy soil following the application of coal slime were examined.【Results】The content of cadmium,mercury,lead,chromium,and arsenic in coal slime was low,accounting for only 0.32% to 11.55% of the standard values,with up to 73.43% of clay and powder particles. It was rich in plant growth promoting beneficial elements,SiO₂ and Al₂O₃（with a relative content of 71.17%）,contained essential macroelements K₂O and P₂O₅（with a relative content of 2.02%）,essential medium elements CaO,SO₃,MgO（with a relative content of 18.00%）,and essential trace elements Fe₂O₃,MnO,ZnO,CuO,NiO（with a relative content of 6.73%）,all of which were beneficial for plant growth. At 240.5 g/kg,the content of total organic carbon was high. The ratio of light and heavy fraction organic carbon was around 1 ∶ 4. Applying coal slime optimized the particle size composition of sandy soil and increased the content of clay particles（d<2 μm）and powder particles（2~50 μm）with increases of 1.01-4.95 percentage points and 0.21-0.71 percentage points respectively. The proportion of capillary pores in sandy soil increased by 2.29% to 16.46%. The non capillary pore ratio of sandy soil reduced by 1.12% to 45.42%. The available water content of sandy soil increased by 1.04% to 18.89%. Compared with CK,both L-3 and L-4 treatments significantly（P<0.05）increased the content of clay and powder particles in sandy soil and significantly reduced the bulk density of sandy soil. L-3 treatment had the highest proportion of soil capillary pores of 24.90%,lowest proportion of non capillary pores of 6.31% and the highest proportion of soil available water to water loss of 75.27%.【Conclusion】Coal slime had low levels of heavy metals and met the safety index criteria of Soil Quality for Land Improvement of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Disposal,with high water retention capacity,rich in various elements,and could provide sufficient organic carbon. It had good improvement effects on the physical properties of sandy soil. Within the scope of the experiment,the best effect achieved when the amount of coal slime applied at 75 t/hm².

【Objective】To understand the current soil environment status of ancient trees in the Palace of Great Blessings in the Forbidden City,in order to protect and enhance the ecosystem function of ancient trees.【Methods】By collecting the soil of five courtyards in the Palace of Great Blessings in the Forbidden City and measuring 12 chemical indicators such as soil hydrolytic N,available K,available P,organic matter and pH value at different depths,the soil fertility of ancient trees in the Palace of Great Blessings was analyzed and evaluated by soil single factor evaluation,comprehensive evaluation,principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.【Results】Except for a few strong alkaline areas,the soil of ancient trees in the Palace of Great Blessings was alkaline with no soil salinization overall. The ancient tree soil content of hydrolytic N,available K,organic matter,available Fe,and available Cu were sufficient. In 56% of the soil samples the content of available P was low. Available Mn and available Zn was not detected in 19% soil samples. Soil microelements was unevenly distributed across different courtyards with high coefficient of variation. The soil pH value had the highest weight coefficient（0.119）and was extremely significantly（P<0.01）positively correlated with water soluble salt,chloride iron,extremely significantly（P<0.01）negatively correlated with available Mn and significantly（P<0.05）negatively correlated with the available Cu and available Zn. The weight coefficients of hydrolytic N（0.111）and organic matter（0.114）were also relatively large,and the two were extremely significantly（P<0.01）positively correlated. The comprehensive fertility index of ancient tree soil ranged from 0.462 to 0.633,with an average value of 0.540,which was generally at a good level（IFI≥0.5）. The soil fertility level of ancient trees in the courtyards was best in the Place of Great Blessings west yard followed by the Palace of Great Blessings southwest yard,the Sanctuary of Buddhist Light,the Sanctuary of Buddhist Essence and the Palace of Great Blessings south yard.【Conclusion】The soil fertility level of ancient trees in the Palace of Great Blessings in the Forbidden City was generally good,however there were variations among the courtyards,which prevented the environment from reaching the optimal state.

【Objective】To detect virus diseases of tomato and pepper in the primary protected vegetable production areas in Inner Mongolia,in order to identify the current dominant viral species,distribution,and infection status,as well as to assess the severity and prevalence of several significant virus diseases.【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022,tomato and pepper suspected virus disease samples were collected from the main protected vegetable production areas in Inner Mongolia including Chifeng City,Hohhot City and Baotou City. RT-PCR was used to identify the pathogens.【Results】A total of 327 virus infected samples were collected and 15 viruses were detected,including 12 in Chifeng City,8 in Hohhot City,and 7 in Baotou City.

【Objective】To explore the effect of canola water extract on the growth of the seedlings.【Methods】Using distilled water as the control,three concentrations（0.025,0.050,and 0.100 g/mL）of laboratory prepared canola water extract were set to analyze the effects on canola seed germination,seedling growth,main nutrients,and defense enzyme activity.【Results】Compared with the control,the canola water extract of 0.050 g/mL and 0.100 g/mL significantly（P<0.05）reduced the seed germination rate of canola. At the concentration of 0.025 g/mL there were promotion effects on stem length,while at concentrations of 0.050 and 0.100 g/mL,there were inhibitory effects on stem length. All three concentrations had inhibitory effects on the root length of canola seedlings. As the concentration of canola water extract increased,the allelopathic comprehensive effects of canola were "low promotion and high inhibition". In comparison with the control,concentration of 0.100 g/mL significantly（P<0.05）reduced the canola protein content. At concentration of 0.050 g/mL canola proline content was 115.39% higher than the control. The SOD activity of canola treated with different concentrations of water extract was significantly（P<0.05）lower than the control. At the concentration of 0.025 g/mL,the POD activity of canola seedlings was significantly（P<0.05）higher than the control. Different concentrations of water extract treatment had different effect on the variations in canola malondialdehyde content.【Conclusion】Strong autotoxicity existed in canola.

The dried seeds of the legume plant chickpea have high nutritional value and contain a variety of bioactive ingredients. It has benefits like lowering blood pressure and blood lipids,as well as anticancer and antibacterial. The extraction methods used vary depending on the composition of chickpea. The paper provided an overview of the bioactive ingredients,functions,and extraction methods of chickpea,in order to advance research on the extraction and efficacy of the bioactive ingredients in chickpea.

With the development and improvement of the pesticide residue limit standard system,the pesticide residue detection methods are also improving. High-resolution mass spectrometry technology has recently advanced quickly. Due to its high resolution and high mass accuracy,it is now frequently employed for the analysis of pesticide residues. This paper summarized the development characteristics of high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry technology. Also reviewed the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the detection of pesticide residues in food and the environment in the past five years and prospected the future development trends,in order to serve as references for the further development of high-resolution mass spectrometry technology in the field of pesticide residues.

【Objective】Study on volatile flavor compounds of ripened potato.【Methods】The volatile flavor compounds of ripened potato were extracted using simultaneous distillation extraction（SDE）and head space solid-phase microextraction（HS-SPME）methods and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）.【Results】 A total of 53 volatile flavor compounds were identified using two extraction methods,24 of which were identified using the SDE method. The majority of the discovered compounds were aldehydes,alcohols,and heterocyclic compounds,with relative quantities of 44.27%,23.79%,and 18.34% of the total volatile flavor compounds,respectively. Ketones,alkanes,and esters came in second with a relative content of over 1.00%. At a relative content of 0.83%,acidic compounds were the least. The HS-SPME method identified 29 species,including aldehydes,alcohols,ketones,heterocyclic compounds,and other substances. Among them,aldehydes were the most abundant,accounting for 73.57%. Alkanes,esters,and acids were not detected.【Conclusion】There were 10 volatile flavor compounds identified by the two extraction methods,primarily aldehydes,which were considered to be the main flavor compounds of ripened potato. Among them,3-methylthiopropionaldehyde,5-methylfuraldehyde,phenylacetaldehyde,and nonanal had relatively high content,and which suggested that they were the key aroma components of potato.

【Objective】To explore the effects of replacing the traditional soybean leaf with Pueraria lobata leaf on growth performance and intestinal microflora diversity of Clanis bilineata tingtauica larvae.【Methods】In this experiment,0-day-old larvae with the similar size and health level were fed with Pueraria lobata leaf（experimental group）and soybean leaf（control group）respectively. Each group was set up with 3 replicates and each replicate comprised 200 larvae. The differences in growth performance,survival rate,digested feed conversion efficiency,feed to gain ratio,nutritional composition and intestinal microflora diversity of larvae were compared and analyzed.【Results】Compared with soybean leaf,Pueraria lobata leaf fed larvae had higher survival rate（57.54%）,higher digested feed conversion efficiency（0.24 g/g）and lower feed to gain ratio（1.90 g/g）. Larvae in the group fed with Pueraria lobata leaf had better growth performance. The average body length（72.27 mm）,average body width（11.99 mm）and average body weight（7.34 g）of the 25-day-old Clanis bilineata tingtauica were all higher than those in the group fed with soybean leaf. Larvae（dry weight）fed with Pueraria lobata leaf had higher content of crude protein（64.12%）,crude fat（18.15%）and higher proportion of essential amino acids in total amino acids（37.72%）compared with those fed with soybean leaf. According to the 16S rRNA sequencing results,Clanis bilineata tingtauica larvae fed with Pueraria lobata leaf had more diverse intestinal microflora than larvae fed with soybean leaf,which was primarily made up of Firmicutes and several beneficial bacterial genus.【Conclusion】Considering the larval quality and economic benefits,the substitution of Pueraria lobata leaf for soybean leaf improved the growth performance and diversity of intestinal microflora of Clanis bilineata tingtauica larvae.

【Objective】To explore the agricultural green production efficiency and the influencing factors constrained by the dual goals of “double carbon” and food security,in order to provide scientific support and policy references for improving agricultural green production efficiency and achieving the “double carbon” goals.【Methods】Taking the main grain producing area in China,Anhui Province,as an example,based on the panel data of 16 cities from 2011 to 2020,the DEA model,Malmquist index model and Tobit model were constructed to conduct static analysis and dynamic evaluation of agricultural green production efficiency from time and space perspectives,and analyze the key influencing factors as well.【Results】The comprehensive efficiency of agricultural green production in Anhui Province was 0.593,showing a spatial distribution pattern of high in the south and low in the north. The pure technical efficiency was 0.808,with a spatial distribution pattern of high in the middle and low on both sides. The scale efficiency was 0.731,with a distribution pattern of low in the middle and high on both sides. The agricultural green total factor productivity had been steadily improving,showing a spatial distribution pattern of high in the middle and low on both sides. Due to the varied degrees of resource redundancy and scale input in agricultural green production,the majority of regions did not reach optimal production efficiency levels. The area of cultivated land and agricultural mechanization could significantly improve the agricultural green production efficiency,while the proportion of urban population and disaster conditions could significantly reduce the agricultural green production efficiency. 【Conclusion】The overall level of agricultural green production efficiency in Anhui Province was not high,and there were regional variations. Cultivated land area and agricultural mechanization were the positive factors affecting agricultural green production efficiency.

【Objective】To explore the current research status and progress of hyperspectral technology in horticulture by quantitatively analyzing the research literature on hyperspectral technology in horticulture. 【Methods】Based on the Chinese literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）,bibliometric method and CiteSpace 5.8.R3 visualization software were used to sort out the literature on hyperspectral technology in horticulture. The quantity of publications,the distribution of research topics,journal sources,funding distributions,the distribution of authors and institutions over the years were analyzed.【Results】From January 2005 to April 2022 a total of 696 Chinese literature related to the research of hyperspectral technology in horticulture were sorted out. The annual number of publications climbed year by year over the time period,with a sharp increase from 2012 to 2016. With 79 in total,2021 had the highest number of publications. The high frequency subject headings mainly included hyperspectral,hyperspectral imaging technology,non-destructive testing,chlorophyll content and hyperspectral imaging,etc. The National Natural Science Foundation provided the most funding for the published papers. Professor HE Yong from Zhejiang University had the most number of publications and the journal Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis had the most number of papers published in the field.【Conclusion】In recent years,hyperspectral technology has been applied more and more in horticulture. The research depth and breadth have continuously expanded,and the research level greatly improved.