饲料营养活性物质在奶畜上的应用研究进展

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 饲料营养活性物质是一类具有特定生物活性、对动物机体发挥作用、提高饲料利用率的天然或合成的微量成分。该类物质不仅能够促进动物生长和提升生产性能,还能增强其繁殖能力和免疫功能。阐述常见的饲料营养活性物质种类以及不同的饲料营养活性物质的来源及其理化性质,探讨其在机体内发挥的主要功能及作用机制,着重论述了饲料营养活性物质在奶畜上的应用研究进展,分析饲料营养活性物质应用过程中对泌乳、繁殖、生长性能及产品品质等方面的影响。对饲料营养活性物质在奶畜养殖中的应用前景进行展望,强调了进一步深入研究其作用机制、优化应用方案的重要性,以实现奶畜养殖业的高效、健康和可持续发展。

关键词: 饲料营养活性物质, 奶畜, 绿色养殖

Abstract: Feed nutritional bioactive substances refer to a class of natural or synthetic trace components that possess specific biological activities, exert physiological effects on the animal body, and improve feed utilization efficiency. These substances not only promote animal growth and enhance productive performance but also strengthen reproductive capacity and immune function. This review outlines the common categories of feed nutritional bioactive substances, as well as the sources and physicochemical properties of different feed nutritional bioactive substances and explores their major functions and mechanisms of action within the animal body, with particular emphasis on discussing the research progress regarding the application of feed nutritional bioactive substances in dairy animals, and analyzing the effects of feed nutritional bioactive substances on lactation, reproduction, growth performance, and product quality during the application process. Furthermore, the application prospects of feed nutritional bioactive substances in dairy farming are analyzed, emphasizing the importance of further in-depth research into their mechanisms of action and the optimization of application protocols to achieve efficient, healthy, and sustainable development in the dairy industry.

Key words: feed nutritional bioactive substances, dairy animals, green farming

中图分类号:

S816

王阳, 赵濛, 王潇, 杜瑞平. 饲料营养活性物质在奶畜上的应用研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2025, 46(5): 41-49.

WANG Yang, ZHAO Meng, WANG Xiao, DU Ruiping. Research Progress on the Application of Feed Nutritional Bioactive Substances in Dairy Animals[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2025, 46(5): 41-49.

参考文献

[1] 卢德勋. 系统动物营养学导论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[2] DIXON R A, PASINETTI G M.Flavonoids and isoflavonoids:from plant biology to agriculture and neuroscience[J].Plant Physiology,2010,154(2):453-457.
[3] TSUJI P A, STEPHENSON K K, WADE K L, et al.Structure-activity analysis of flavonoids:direct and indirect antioxidant, and antiinflammatory potencies and toxicities[J].Nutrition and Cancer,2013,65(7):1014-1025.
[4] WESTON L A, MATHESIUS U.Flavonoids:their structure, biosynthesis and role in the rhizosphere, including allelopathy[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2013,39(2):283-297.
[5] TSUCHIYA H.Structure-dependent membrane interaction of flavonoids associated with their bioactivity[J].Food Chemistry,2010,120(4):1089-1096.
[6] 崔强,陈景超.黄酮类化合物生理活性及合成研究进展[J].黑龙江科技信息,2011(20):30.
[7] 姜楠,王蒙,韦迪哲,等.植物多酚类物质研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(2):439-444.
[8] 石碧,狄莹.植物多酚[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[9] 孙健,蒋跃明,彭宏祥,等.影响荔枝果皮褐变底物(-)-表儿茶素稳定性的因素[J].果树学报,2010,27(1):45-49.
[10] RAJHA H N, LOUKA N, EL DARRA N, et al.Multiple response optimization of high temperature, low time aqueous extraction process of phenolic compounds from grape byproducts[J].Food and Nutrition Sciences,2014,5(4):351-360.
[11] NACZK M, SHAHIDI F.Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables:occurrence, extraction and analysis[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2006,41(5):1523-1542.
[12] 魏远安,张丽君,郑惠玲,等.中国母乳低聚糖的研究进展和现状[J].乳业科学与技术,2016,39(3):33-38.
[13] 李宝磊,张丽,耿艳艳,等.几种功能性低聚糖的综述[J].饮料工业,2019,22(1):75-80.
[14] 刘亦洋,饶小勇,王鹏龙,等.天然免疫调节活性多糖类成分研究进展[J].江西中医药,2018,49(2):75-80.
[15] 靳道然. 几种天然多糖类化合物抗植物病毒的功能研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2023.
[16] 陈慧颖,韦体,贾翼玮,等.多糖类物质的提取分离、结构鉴定及其生物活性研究进展[J].生物化工,2021,7(4):171-174.
[17] 李雅婷. 有机酸对复垦重构土壤微生物群落结构调控机制研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2024.
[18] 李德勇,孟应翔,任丽萍,等.植物提取物在反刍动物饲养中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(11):2085-2091.
[19] 翟浩宇,陈雪,杨冰炜,等.皂苷类化合物通过调节肠道菌群干预结直肠癌的机制研究进展[J].中国药房,2024,35(19):2426-2431.
[20] 王领. 人参皂苷Rg1抗炎症相关结直肠癌小鼠肿瘤的作用及其机制的研究[D].南京:南京中医药大学,2021.
[21] 侍世梅,张玺,王光耀,等.酶制剂在畜牧生产中的应用效果与前景研究[J].现代畜牧科技,2024(9):83-85.
[22] ABOKHRAIS I M, DENISON F C, WHITAKER L H R, et al. A two-arm parallel double-blind randomised controlled pilot trial of the efficacy of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment of women with endometriosis-associated pain (PurFECT1)[J].PLoS One,2020,15(1):e0227695.
[23] BEN AYED R, CHIRMADE T, HANANA M, et al.Comparative analysis and structural modeling of Elaeis oleifera FAD2, a fatty acid desaturase involved in unsaturated fatty acid composition of American oil palm[J].Biology,2022,11(4):529.
[24] 汪小林,秦雪,史新娥,等. 多不饱和脂肪酸对哺乳动物子宫内膜容受性调控作用及机制研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2024,36(7):4222-4232.
[25] DYALL S C, BALAS L, BAZAN N G, et al.Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived lipid mediators:Recent advances in the understanding of their biosynthesis, structures, and functions[J].Progress in Lipid Research,2022,86:101165.
[26] 曹栋,裘爱泳,王兴国.磷脂结构、性质、功能及研究现状(1)[J].粮食与油脂,2004,17(5):3-6.
[27] 霍小龙,张洁,霍小刚.酵母多糖对犊牛机体免疫力的影响[J].中国动物保健,2024,26(10):91-92.
[28] 杨梦祺,王淦,吴志泓,等.桑叶黄酮对肉兔生长性能、肠道组织结构和消化酶活性、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2024,36(10):6665-6672.
[29] 席丽,秦新喜,杜乐响,等.地锦草总黄酮对罗斯308肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及盲肠菌群的影响[J].中国家禽,2024,46(6):36-43.
[30] 王贝贝,武书庚,张海华,等.饲粮添加大豆异黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(1):295-306.
[31] 孙媛媛,朱绪春,刘红芝,等.植物多酚调控食源蛋白结构、功能及生物特性的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2025,46(8):1-8.
[32] 赵宇琪,敖长金,哈斯额尔敦,等.沙葱多糖对小鼠卵清白蛋白的免疫佐剂作用[J].动物营养学报,2024,36(9):6007-6014.
[33] 王华丽. 饲料中不同大豆秸秆发酵饲料添加量对贵州威宁黄牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及牛肉品质的影响[J].上海农业科技,2024(5):71-74.
[34] WU B N, LI S Y, CHANG H T, et al.Maize flavan-4-ols and anthocyanins alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice via intestinal barrier function restoration[J].Current Developments in Nutrition,2020,4(S2):488.
[35] WEN J J, LI M Z, CHEN C H, et al.Tea polyphenol and epigallocatechin gallate ameliorate hyperlipidemia via regulating liver metabolism and remodeling gut microbiota[J].Food Chemistry,2023,404:134591.
[36] WU Z H, HUANG S M, LI T T, et al.Gut microbiota from green tea polyphenol-dosed mice improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates experimental colitis[J].Microbiome,2021,9(1):184.
[37] 张华强. 艾草多酚通过调节肠道菌群减轻DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2024.
[38] 李志忠,余淼,吕继蓉,等.常见有机酸在肉鸡上的应用效果[J].饲料工业,2024,45(21):28-32.
[39] 寇伟,年芳,蒋林树,等.不同品种苜蓿总黄酮对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵和饲料降解率的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2022,57(5):1-8.
[40] 韩旭,胡雪阳,王玉涵,等.毛蕊异黄酮通过RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK信号通路抑制肺癌细胞增殖和迁移的作用机制[J].北华大学学报(自然科学版),2024,25(6):758-762.
[41] 高赛甲,孙相俞.茶多酚对老龄蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、肝脏脂质代谢及细胞因子的影响[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2024,44(2):78-83.
[42] MA Q B, WEI Y H, MENG Z T, et al.Effects of water extract from Artemisia argyi leaves on LPS-induced mastitis in mice[J].Animals,2022,12(7):907.
[43] 全雪容,唐佳希,田凤云,等.黄芪多糖的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(12):31-36.
[44] 寇鸿千,秦彤,刘明,等.多酚调控动物肠道健康的作用机制及植物多酚在猪生产中的应用研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2024,36(4):2104-2117.
[45] 马吉锋,赵东琪,张建勇,等.酵母细胞壁多糖对滩羊生长性能、免疫及抗氧化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2021,42(13):17-23.
[46] 肖红艳,屈金涛,凌浩,等.茶多酚对奶山羊生产性能、血液指标和抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(8):4533-4540.
[47] XU C Z, WANG H F, YANG J Y, et al.Effects of feeding lutein on production performance, antioxidative status, and milk quality of high-yielding dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(11):7144-7150.
[48] 晏琦,赵国琦,OSMOND DATSOMOR,等.茶副产物在反刍动物饲料应用中的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2022,34(8):4821-4828.
[49] 刘国娟,刘大程,高民,等.复合酵母培养物的营养活性物质组学及其应用技术的研发[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(1):84-88.
[50] 郭鹏,张立明,张政,等.奶牛微生物发酵饲料组方及其配套翻料工艺的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(10):2598-2607.
[51] 高家瑞,童津津,曹素英,等.饲料营养活性物质调节奶牛瘤胃发酵及乳脂合成机制研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2023,35(7):4172-4181.
[52] 赵成莹,袁静,王宝菊,等.泌乳早期日粮中添加甘草多糖对奶牛生产性能及血清指标的影响[J].中国乳业,2024(8):93-97.
[53] 张团结,傅晓东,张向杰,等.油茶皂苷对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃功能微生物的调控影响[J].畜牧产业,2023(8):91-96.
[54] 赵晏,雷英鹏.枸杞多糖对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数、血清抗氧化及免疫能力的影响[J].中国饲料,2024(10):43-46.
[55] 毛玉平,张华文,项门们,等.大豆异黄酮对青年奶山羊生长性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2019(12):29-34.
[56] 赵祎祺,李金涛,杜伟伟,等.大豆异黄酮对西农萨能奶山羊繁殖性能及其羔羊的影响[J].中国乳业,2024(8):51-57.
[57] OLAGARAY K E, BROUK M J, MAMEDOVA L K, et al.Dietary supplementation of Scutellaria baicalensis extract during early lactation decreases milk somatic cells and increases whole lactation milk yield in dairy cattle[J].PLoS One,2019,14(1):e0210744.
[58] YU Y, YUAN X H, LI P, et al.Vaccarin promotes proliferation of and milk synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells through the Prl receptor-PI3K signaling pathway[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2020,880:173190.
[59] 占今舜. 苜蓿黄酮对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃代谢和免疫性能影响的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2017.
[60] 熊安然,熊本海,蒋林树.基于指纹图谱技术的饲料营养活性物质结构-谱-量-效关系的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(8):4263-4270.
[61] 魏彤,曹斌云,张津,等.日粮中添加黄芪多糖对奶山羊产奶性能和免疫指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2021,44(11):6-9.
[62] 何金环,胡华锋,李凤玲,等.聚合草营养价值评价及应用研究[Z].河南牧业经济学院,2014-07-17.河南省教育厅科技攻关项目(编号2009A180020).https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=0eC8MkjONMGvSvu-cC9dxQsoOVLeIYkLHql7ltWvXo_QeDGH0TfVkwaGHLxWo-18BheFP3tw_ZnW1tEFCFQ6BLsWecTsK4aDglO85Pgop-Tg8Ai34gqJRun9I5uWkZ6THdNgnAf-s__6iLbMD8HH83RF6IoeJK0MW1FFAF5GcP-3J-Z4Vsmuig==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
[63] 姚朝辉,刘凯珍,虎业浩,等.不饱和脂肪酸在反刍动物饲粮中的应用研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2024,36(2):708-715.
[64] 孟刚,王瑞娴,楚渠,等.12个桑品种叶片营养与活性成分分析[J].中南农业科技,2023(1):49-53.
[65] 张新明,赵璐,胡晓文.裂壶藻营养价值及其在动物生产中的应用进展[J].河南农业科学,2021,50(3):1-10.
[66] 徐丽云,焦胜,郑梦荷,等.灌服黄芪多糖对奶牛生产性能及乳中风味物质的影响[J].中国食品添加剂,2022,33(11):126-135.
[67] 冉世前. 脂质组学揭示饲喂ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸原料对山羊乳脂品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2022.
[68] 范漻钰,李东红,程银银,等.大豆异黄酮的生理功能及在奶山羊生产的应用[J].中国乳业,2023(5):27-31,36.