饲喂不同处理方式的玉米秸秆粗饲料对肉牛甲烷排放及瘤胃功能的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2024.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]探究饲喂不同处理方式的玉米秸秆粗饲料对肉牛甲烷排放及瘤胃功能的影响。[方法]选取17月龄、平均体重（375±5）kg的健康草原红牛和延黄牛各3头,采用2×2双因素试验设计,分为2个阶段进行饲喂试验,每个阶段预饲期15 d,正饲期3 d;第1阶段草原红牛饲喂青贮玉米秸秆（QH组）,延黄牛饲喂干玉米秸秆（JY组）;第2阶段草原红牛饲喂干玉米秸秆（JH组）,延黄牛饲喂青贮玉米秸秆（QY组）。记录试验牛的初重和末重以及采食量,计算平均日增重和干物质采食量;采用大型动物开放回流呼吸测热装置测定甲烷排放量;采集瘤胃液样品进行pH值以及氨态氮、瘤胃微生物蛋白、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量测定,利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析瘤胃微生物区系,采用非靶向代谢组学技术分析瘤胃液代谢产物。[结果]①延黄牛的末重、平均日增重极显著（P<0.01）高于草原红牛,干物质采食量显著（P<0.05）低于草原红牛,甲烷排放量与草原红牛相比差异不显著（P>0.05）;QH组和QY组的末重、平均日增重、干物质采食量极显著（P<0.01）高于JH组和JY组,甲烷排放量极显著（P<0.01）低于JH组和JY组。②草原红牛的瘤胃发酵参数指标与延边黄牛相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;与JH组和JY组相比,QH组和QY组的瘤胃液pH值,氨态氮、乙酸、丁酸含量,以及乙酸/丙酸比例极显著（P<0.01）降低,瘤胃微生物蛋白、总挥发性脂肪酸和丙酸含量极显著（P<0.01）升高。③4组肉牛的瘤胃微生物优势菌门均为厚壁菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门,这3个菌门的总相对丰度在73.75%~81.22%;肉牛品种、玉米秸秆不同处理方式,以及肉牛品种与玉米秸秆不同处理方式的交互作用对瘤胃微生物门水平物种的相对丰度均无显著（P>0.05）影响。与JH组和JY组相比,QH组和QY组瘤胃中解琥珀酸菌属、丁酸弧菌属和瘤胃球菌属的相对丰度极显著（P<0.01）升高,而梭菌属和普雷沃菌属的相对丰度则极显著（P<0.01）降低;肉牛品种、肉牛品种与玉米秸秆不同处理方式的交互作用对瘤胃微生物属水平的相对丰度均无显著（P>0.05）影响。④从不同组别肉牛瘤胃代谢物中共筛选出二级差异代谢物525个,其中,显著性差异二级代谢物10个;二级差异代谢物喹啉酸、延胡索酸、肾上腺皮质激素、L-谷氨酸、苯乳酸、左旋肉碱、邻苯二酚显著富集在9条通路上,其中,延胡索酸在色氨酸代谢、癌症的中心碳代谢、精氨酸生物合成和苯丙氨酸代谢通路上显著富集。瘤胃属水平微生物相对丰度与瘤胃液差异代谢物浓度之间的相关性分析显示,延胡索酸浓度与普雷沃菌属相对丰度呈极显著（P<0.001）负相关。[结论]饲喂青贮玉米秸秆粗饲料可以有效降低肉牛的甲烷排放量,提高日增重,改善瘤胃发酵功能,降低瘤胃中普雷沃菌属的相对丰度。饲喂青贮玉米秸秆粗饲料肉牛的低甲烷排放量与瘤胃液中延胡索酸浓度升高有关。

关键词: 肉牛, 粗饲料, 玉米秸秆, 甲烷排放, 瘤胃微生物区系, 代谢物差异

Abstract: [Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding corn straw treated with different methods as roughage on methane emission and rumen function in beef cattle. [Method] Seventeen-month-old healthy Grassland Red cattle （n=3） and Yanbian Yellow cattle （n=3） with an average weight of （375±5） kg were selected. The feeding trial with two-factor experimental design was composed of two stages and each had a pre-feeding period of 15 days and a formal-feeding period of 3 days. In the first stage, Grassland Red cattle fed corn straw silage as roughage （QH group） and Yanbian Yellow cattle fed dry corn straw as roughage （JY group）. In the second stage, Grassland Red cattle fed dry corn straw as roughage （JH group） and Yanbian Yellow cattle fed corn straw silage as roughage （QY group）. The initial and final weights as well as feed intake of the experimental cattle were recorded, and the average daily gain and dry matter intake was calculated. An open reflux respiratory calorimetry device for large animal were used to determine the methane emission. Rumen fluid samples were collected to evaluate pH value as well as the contents of ammonia nitrogen, rumen microbial protein, total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. In addition, the rumen microflora was characterized using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, and the rumen fluid metabolites were assessed using non-targeted metabolomics. [Result] ① Yanbian Yellow cattle had extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher final weight and average daily gain as well as extremely significantly （P<0.01） lower dry matter intake in comparison to Grassland Red cattle, while no significant （P>0.05） difference in the methane emission was observed between the two cattle breeds. QH and QY groups had extremely significantly （P<0.01） increased final weight, average daily gain and dry matter intake as well as extremely significantly （P<0.01） decreased methane emission in comparison to JH and JY groups. ②The rumen fermentation parameters of Grassland Red cattle were not significantly （P>0.05） different from those of Yanbian Yellow cattle. Compared with JH and JY groups, QH and QY groups exhibited extremely significantly （P<0.01） reduced rumen fluid pH value, contents of ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid and butyric acid, and ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid, while exhibited extremely significantly （P<0.01） elevated contents of rumen microbial protein, total volatile fatty acids, and propionic acid. ③ Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were observed as the dominant rumen microbial phyla in the four groups, with total relative abundance from 73.75% to 81.22%. The cattle breeds, corn straw treatment methods and the interaction between these two factors had no significant （P>0.05） effects on the relative abundance of rumen microflora at phylum level. Compared with JH and JY groups, extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher relative abundance of Succiniclasticum, Butyrivibrio and Ruminococcus as well as extremely significantly （P<0.01） lower relative abundance of Clostridiaceae_Clostridium and Prevotella was observed in QH and QY groups. The cattle breeds, corn straw treatment methods and the interaction between these two factors had no significant （P>0.05） effects on the relative abundance of rumen microflora at genus level. ④ A total of 525 secondary differential metabolites were screened from rumen metabolites of different groups, among which 10 were significantly different. Quinolinic acid, fumaric acid, cortisone, L-glutamic acid, phenyllactate, L-carnitine, and catechol were significantly enriched in 9 pathways. Fumaric acid was significantly enriched in tryptophan metabolism, central carbon metabolism in cancer, arginine biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. The correlation analysis between the relative abundance of rumen microflora at genus level and the concentrations of differential metabolites in rumen fluid showed an extremely significantly （P<0.001） negative correlation between the concentration of fumaric acid and the relative abundance of Prevotella. [Conclusion] Feeding corn straw silage as roughage was able to effectively control the methane emission, increase the daily weight gain, ameliorate the rumen fermentation function, and decrease the relative abundance of Prevotella in rumen in beef cattle. In addition, the lower methane emission of the beef cattle fed corn straw silage as roughage was attributed to the elevated concentration of fumaric acid in rumen fluid.

Key words: beef cattle, roughage, corn straw, methane emission, rumen microflora, metabolite difference

中图分类号:

S823.925

谷兴亮, 关诗宇, 曲磊, 谷月, 吕文发, 赵玉民, 秦立红. 饲喂不同处理方式的玉米秸秆粗饲料对肉牛甲烷排放及瘤胃功能的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2024, 45(5): 35-46.

GU Xingliang, GUAN Shiyu, QU Lei, GU Yue, LYU Wenfa, ZHAO Yumin, QIN Lihong. Effects of Feeding Corn Straw Treated with Different Methods as Roughage on Methane Emission and Rumen Function in Beef Cattle[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2024, 45(5): 35-46.

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